caesar’s campcraft and siegecraft during the gallic wars
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Caesar’s Campcraft And SiegecraftDuring The Gallic Wars
Ernest Watford LATN 6030 Roman Historians
June 28, 2010
OutlinePart 1 – Castra Romana
Part 2 – Oppidum Gallicum
Part 3 – Obsideo Romana
Castra Aestiva
Fossa
Vallum
Vallum• 6-10 ft. high• strengthened with fascines• 4 ft. Breastwork on top• steps/incline inside
Fossa
• 9 ft across by 7 ft deep
Turris
Castra Exterior
LILIA
CIPPI STIMULI
5 ft
Cross-section of Alesia Fortifications
Reconstruction of Caesars’ cam p at the River Aisne in 57 BCE
• march starts at dawn• scouts sent ahead to locate & lay out• always square-ish• on a hill near wood
& water• 4 porta• after 6/8 hours march• front half, soldiers• rear half, officers• 100 ft pomerium• praetorium in center
Trajan’s Column Antonine Column
Tabernaculumtents sleeping 8
Part 2 - Gallic Oppidum
1 2
4
6
3
57
8
Construction Of AMurus Gallicus
1. INTERNAL DIRT MOUND 5. DIRT BLOCKING THE WALL BASE2. FRONT FACING 6. POST HOLE3. INTERNAL WOOD BEAMS 7. GLACIS4. WALKWAY 8. DITCH
OPENED VIEW OF MURUS GALLICUS
FRONT VIEW OFMURUS GALLICUS
Part 3 - Caesar’s Obsideo
• Surprise or Betrayal preferred
• All-out assault was attempted sometimes
• Siege was a last resort, but …
Rome excelled at sieges
Roman Siegecraft And Works
TESTUDO
ONAGERBALLISTA
AGGER
VINEA
CATAPULTA
TURRISAMBULATORIA
PLUTEUS
400-500 ft
8-10 ft
MU
RUS
GAL
LICU
S
50-60 ft
40-50 ft
TURRIS AMBULATORIA
ARIES
Vinea
VINEA
SAPPERS
Ballista
Scorpio
Scorpio
TOP SIDE FRONTVIEW VIEW VIEW
Catapulta
Onager
Vae Victis!
ARIES
• march starts at dawn• scouts sent ahead to locate & lay out• always square-ish• on a hill near wood
& water• 4 porta• after 6/8 hours march• front half, soldiers• rear half, officers• 100 ft pomerium• praetorium in center
•11111111111
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