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Overview of CO2 Production in Alaşehir Geothermal Field, Manisa,Turkey
HAKKI AYDINReservoir Engineer , Msc METU
1
Alaşehir Geothermal Field
Origin of CO2 in western Turkey geothermal field
CO2 decline Curve Analysis of Alaşehir Field
Parameters affecting CO2 decline
Effects of CO2 decline in wellbore
CO2 Emission from the field
Outline
2Zorlu Alaşehir Geothermal Field
• 50 km^2 Licensed area• 45 Mwe installed Power Plant (Doube Flash+Binary System)• 8 Production, 8 injection wells• High Enthaphy (average: 840 kj/kg) • Liquid dominated
BAŞLIK EKLE
Metin ekle
3 Noncondansable Gases
Gas Volume % in dry gas
Carbon dioxide 98.36
Hydrogen sulfide 0.003
Nitrogen 0.61
Methane 0.93
Argon 0.004
Oxygen 0.002
Hydrogen 0.093
Helium 0.00002
2%-3% of Total fluid production is NCG
98.4 % of NCG is CO2
Stable isotopes of water Meteoric WaterCarbon isotopes Marine Carbonate Sediments (No indication of Magmatic CO2
4 Origin of CO2 in western Turkey Geothermal Field
Alluvium( Quartz,mica-schist)
Kaletepe Formation ( Sandstone, Conglomerate)
Gediz Formation Salihli member (sandstone,Limestone,claystone)
Gediz Formation Hamamdere member ( sandstone,Conglomerate,claystone)
Liquid Dominated ReservoirMetamorphics (Carbonate,Marble, Calc-schist )
Geochemistry
(Yildırım and Guner, 2005, Haizlip and Haklidir, 2011, Simsek, 2003, and Aksoy et al., 2015)
Reactions between calcite and water
Metin ekle• Metin ekle
Metin ekle• Metin ekle
BAŞLIK EKLE5CO2 Lost Circulation
Higher CO2 concentration
Lower CO2concentraitonpH: 9
6 Decline Curve Analysis
Types of decline
Exponential
Hyperbolic
Harmonic
Model IdentificationWhere b,d : emprical constants to be found from production dataIf d=0 , Exponential DeclineIf d=1 , Harmonic DeclineIf 0<d<1, Hyperbolic Decline
8 Model Identification (Exponential Decline)
q (tph) vs Q(ton) log q(tph) vs t(hr)
9 Model Identification (Exponetial Decline)
log q(tph) vs log Dt (hr) log q(tph) vs Q (ton)
10Parameters affecting Decline Rate
Flow rate
- Large flow rates accelerate CO2 production decline rate- Fast production less time for formation dissolution
Reservoir Pressure - Pressure maintenance (injection related) accelerate decline- Pressure drop (high Q) decrease formation solubility- Pressure maintenance (natural recharge) contribute formation solubility Permeability-Thickness
- Higher fracture surface area (contact area), higher formation solubility
11Well Alkan-5 & Alkan-3 location
Close to injection site
Faraway to injection site
12Well Alkan-5 Reservoir Pressure Drop
Pressure drop6 bar
13 Alkan-5 C02 decline curve
August 2015
Septem
ber 2015
October
2015
November
2015
March 2016
April 2016
May.16
June.16
July.16
August 2016
Septem
ber 2016
October
20160.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Alkan5
Alkan5
Date
CO2
flow
rate
, tph
- Reservoir pressure drop 6 Bar- Temperature is the same- CO2 decline 2.2 tph to 0.5 tph 77.2% CO2 decline
14 Well Alkan-3
15 Alkan-3 C02 decline curve
August 2015
September 2015
October 2015
November 2015
March 2016
April 2016 May.16 June.16 July.16 August 2016
September 2016
October 2016
01234567
Alkan3
Alkan3
Date
CO2
Flow
rate
, tph
- Reservoir pressure drop 12 Bar- Temperature is the same- CO2 decline 5.7 tph to 5 tph 12 % CO2 decline
16 Alkan-3 vs Alkan-5 Cl Comparison
16 Alkan-3 vs Alkan-5 Decline rate Comparison
Alkan-3
• Kh (thickness-permeability) larger than Alkan-5• Flowrate is 2.5 times larger than Alkan-5• Pressure Drop : 12 Bar• Cl concentration is lower than Alkan-5• 12% decline in CO2 production
Alkan-5
• Lower kh & flowrate compare to Alkan-3• Pressure drop 6 bar• Higher Cl concentration compare to Alkan-3• 77 % decline in CO2 production
Note :*İnjection related water( base , ph:9) dominate decline rate in CO2 production.*Larger kH means higher contact area for dissolution.
17Wellbore simulation
Input:Only C02 contents are different
Output:
CO2 0.5% C02 2.5%Pwhf,bar 15.28 20.7Gas Breakout Depth,m 147 614
18Carbondioxide advantages and disadvantages in wellbore
Advantage:- Higher wellhead pressure- Contribute total steam rateDisadvantage:- Deeper flashing point (mechanical problems, cost )- scaling problems
Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan
19Alaşehir CO2 Emission
Binary works
Adding a new well
20 CO2 emission from various types of power plants
WNA report 2011 & Hunt, 2000.
360 g/kWh
BAŞLIK
21
Origin of CO2 in Alaşehir geothermal field: meteoric water and formation dissolution
Exponential Decline Curve for CO2 decline rate
Parameters affecting CO2 decline rate :
Reinjection water dominate wells’ CO2 decline rate
Advantages of higher CO2 % in wellbore: High total steam rate, high Wellhead Pressure
Disadvantage of higher CO2% in wellbore: Flashing point is deeper (long tubing installation) high
mechanical problems risk
Gas emission in Alaşehir Geothermal Field is on the average of geothermal power plants
Although Geothermal power plants release CO2 to atmosphere they are still much cleaner than
fossil fuels
Conclusion and Comm
ents
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