bye -bye polio

BYE-BYE POLIOCURRENT SCENARIO

Dhananjay DesaiPost Graduate Student

Department of microbiology New Arts Commerce and Science College Ahmednagar

dhananjayashokdesai@gmail.com

outline• Introduction.

• History.

• Epidemiology.

• Global Polio Eradication.

• Conclusion.

INTRODUCTION

“Poliomyelitis" comes from the Greek word for gray, polio, and myelo, meaning spinal cord. The Latin suffix itis refers to inflammatory diseases”.

Among children who are paralyzed by polio-

• 30% make a full recovery • 30% are left with mild paralysis• 30% have medium to severe paralysis • 10% die

HISTORY OF POLIO Associated with man since ancient times.

Egyptian hieroglyph indicates presence since 1400 BCC.

1840- Heinle characterizes poliomyelitis.

“Grey Marrow” in Greek.

1954: Salk Vaccine.

1960: Sabin Vaccine.

1991: Produce Polio in vitro from virus RNA.

2002: Complete synthetic production.

EPIDEMIOLOGY Agent: Poliovirus.

Type : Three Serotypes.(TYPE-1,TYPE-2,TYPE-3).

Reservoir: Man.

Infectious Material: Faces, oro-pharengeal secrations.

Incubation Period: 7 - 14 Days.

Period of Communicability: 7 -10 Days.

Host : age : 6 months- 3 Years.

Environment : Rainy Season.

Modes of Transmission: Face, Co- oral route, Droplet Infection.

GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION

Objectives

To interrupt transmission of world polio viruses.

Development of post eradiation immunization policy.

To implement polio endgame programme.

To contribute health system developing by routine immunization.

Strategies

High infant immunization coverage with four doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV).

national immunization days

Targeted "mop-up" campaigns once wild poliovirus transmission is limited to a specific focal area.

Active surveillance for wild poliovirus through reporting and laboratory testing of all cases of acute flaccid paralysis.

POLIO ERADICATION IN INDIA

West UP: HR blocks – 66

Bihar: HR blocks – 41

107 blocks of UP and Bihar Kosi river operational intensification

Immunization of newborns

Intense focus on migrants & mobile populations Religious congregations

8 million children in transit immunized in India each round 100,000 of these in running trains

2 million children vaccinated in congregations each year

CONCLUSION India can be in a position to move ahead with polio endgame strategy.

Careful planning and consideration of risks required before implementation.

Challenges-

• Maintaining immunity• Maintaining surveillance• Readiness to respond• Reducing risk• Preparing for the endgame

THANK YOU