bulker loading

Structural Damage on UnloadingHatch Coamings

and Covers

TransverseCorrugatedBulkhead

Double Bottom

HopperTank

SideFrames

andBrackets

IACS Unified Requirement S1A ‘AdditionalRequirements for Loading Manuals.....’

Provision of Loading & Unloading Sequences

Applicable to New & Existing Bulk Carriers

Sequence Step on Loader/Unloader Movement

Cargo & Ballast Documented for each Step

Draughts & Trim for each Step

Maximum SWSF & SWBM for each Step

Loading and Unloading Sequences

Loading in Alternate Holds

Based upon Actual Approved Sequences for aSeven Hold Panamax Bulk Carrier

60,300 tonnes of Cargo Loaded;

1st Pass of 25,000 tonnes in four pours

2nd Pass of 14,500 tonnes in seven pours

3rd Pass of 16,300 tonnes in four pours

Topping off in end holds with 4,500 tonnes

Loading Sequence Animation

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%

5000

90%

SWBMSWSF

Fore DraughtAft Draught

Loading Cargo Cargo Mass Loaded

Loading in Alternate Holds

Loading Sequence Animation

5.18.1 CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

1st Pass

8.1 5.1CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

1st Pass

8.1 5.1CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

8.1 5.1CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

8.1 5.1CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

8.1 5.1CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

8.1 5.1CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

10000

8.1 5.1CARGO BALLAST

62% 87%

10000

CARGO BALLAST8.1 6.1

65% 79%

10000

CARGO BALLAST 7.18.1

69% 72%

10000

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%

10000

90%

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%90%

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%90%

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%90%

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%90%

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%

5000

90%

8.1 8.1CARGO BALLAST

64%

5000

90%

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91% 68%

5000

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91% 68%

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91% 68%

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91% 68%

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91% 68%

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91% 68%

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91%

5000

68%

8.6 8.7CARGO BALLAST

91%

5000

68%

CARGO BALLAST8.6 8.8

87% 64%

5000

CARGO BALLAST8.6 8.8

82% 60%

CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.7

78% 57%

CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.6

73% 53%

CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.4

69% 49%

69% 49%CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.4

69% 49%CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.4

69% 49%

5000

CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.4

69% 49%

5000

CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.4

5000

66% 49%CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.3

5000

63% 52%CARGO BALLAST8.5 8.2

CARGO BALLAST

63% 52%

8.6 8.1

CARGO BALLAST

62% 54%

8.6 8.0

CARGO BALLAST

65% 58%

8.6 7.9

CARGO BALLAST

69% 63%

8.6 7.8

2nd Pass

CARGO BALLAST

72% 68%

8.6 7.7

2nd Pass

CARGO BALLAST

76% 73%

8.6 7.6

CARGO BALLAST

79% 78%

8.7 7.5

CARGO BALLAST

83% 82%

8.7 7.4

2000

CARGO BALLAST

86% 87%

8.7 7.3

2000

CARGO BALLAST

86% 87%

8.7 7.3

2000

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

3000

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

3000

CARGO BALLAST

83% 96%

8.1 8.2

3000

CARGO BALLAST

65% 75%

9.0 8.4

CARGO BALLAST

65% 75%

9.0 8.4

CARGO BALLAST

65% 75%

9.0 8.4

CARGO BALLAST

65% 75%

9.0 8.4

CARGO BALLAST

65% 75%

9.0 8.4

3000

CARGO BALLAST

65% 75%

9.0 8.4

3000

CARGO BALLAST

65% 75%

9.0 8.4

3000

CARGO BALLAST9.0 8.9

76% 74%

3000

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

2000

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

2000

CARGO BALLAST9.0 9.4

87% 73%

2000

CARGO BALLAST9.6 9.2

89% 75%

2000

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

2000

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

2000

CARGO BALLAST10.1 9.0

90% 77%

2000

CARGO BALLAST9.8 9.7

90% 83%

2000

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

1000

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

1000

CARGO BALLAST9.5 10.3

89% 88%

1000

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

1500

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

1500

CARGO BALLAST9.4 10.6

96% 87%

1500

CARGO BALLAST9.9 10.5

97% 89%

1500

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

3rd Pass

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

3rd Pass

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

7668

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

7668

CARGO BALLAST10.3 10.3

98% 91%

7668

CARGO BALLAST11.3 10.6

75% 62%

7668

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

4000

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

4000

CARGO BALLAST12.2 10.9

96% 37%

4000

CARGO BALLAST12.0 11.1

90% 38%

4000

CARGO BALLAST11.8 11.4

84% 44%

4000

CARGO BALLAST11.5 11.6

78% 50%

4000

CARGO BALLAST11.3 11.9

71% 56%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

79% 62%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

3000

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

3000

CARGO BALLAST11.1 12.1

62%79%

3000

CARGO BALLAST11.8 11.9

81% 69%

3000

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

1635

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

1635

CARGO BALLAST12.5 11.6

83% 76%

1635

CARGO BALLAST12.3 12.1

79% 71%

1635

CARGO BALLAST12.5 12.1

76% 65%

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

End Hold Topping Off

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

End Hold Topping Off

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

1435

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

1435

CARGO BALLAST

76% 65%

12.5 12.1

1435

CARGO BALLAST12.3 12.6

76% 74%

1435

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

3064

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

3064

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

3064

CARGO BALLAST12.9 12.8

92% 89%

3064

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

14564 15668 15635 14435

500 tonne Overload ofHold No. 7

Over-Loading Sequence Animation

Tank top pressure andSF & BM limits exceeded

3064

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

500

3064

CARGO BALLAST12.1 13.0

89% 82%

500

3064

CARGO BALLAST12.9 12.8

92% 89%

500

3064

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

500

CARGO BALLAST13.6 12.5

98% 95%

500

CARGO BALLAST13.8 12.2

112% 105%

500

CARGO BALLAST13.8 12.2

112% 105%

CARGO BALLAST13.8 12.2

112% 105%

CARGO BALLAST13.8 12.2

112% 105%

CARGO BALLAST13.8 12.2

112% 105%

CARGO BALLAST13.8 12.2

112% 105%

15064 15668 15635 14435

Loading & Unloading Factors may haveContributed to Ship Losses

Potential Structural Problems during Loadingand Unloading have been Identified

On-board Loading & Unloading Guidance isbeing Improved

‘Handle with Care’ - Potential Problems havebeen Published

Bulk Carrier Safety - A Summary