building inspections using thermography

Thermography for ConstructionThermography for Construction

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This is not new techniques!

1971 Home inspection with an AGA 700with an AGA 700

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Or … An outdoor inspection

1969 AGA 6801969 AGA 680

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Why IR Building Inspections?

• Building performance• Insulation verification• Locate air leakage• Structural verification• Structural verification• Moisture intrusion

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What Can Infrared Thermography Find?

• Moisture• Moisture Location(s)

• Insulation Condition (ASTM C1060 –

(Mapping)• Evaluate Window and

door installations

RESNET Guideline)

• Effectiveness (R values)Fill Gdoor installations

• Evaluate Roof Condition

• Fill or Gaps • Air infiltration

• Location of air leakage(ASTM C1153)• Wall Condition

• Location of air leakage points

• Electrical• Framing locations• Structure issues

Electrical • Mechanical

• Pipe or duct locations

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Seeing Through Walls???

Infrared cameras are NOT X-ray machines d t th h t i l and cannot see through common materials.

They image infrared thermal energy from f t t

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surface temperatures.

IR is Magic

• Just point the IR camera at a target• Put a measurement tool where needed • Get an accurate temperature• It’s that easy• It’s that easy

Or is it?

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Thermal Tuning

Proper Tuning

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Inadequate Tuning

Emissivity

Wood Barrels –High Emissivity &High Emissivity & Low Reflectivity

Shiny Metal –High Reflectivity

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& Low Emissivity

Tools

Bl D

AnemometerMoisture Meters

Blower Door

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Borescope

Camera Selection

Now what camera????

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Camera Options

• ResolutionResolution• Laser pointer• Lens versatilityLens versatility• WiFi• Touchscreen• Touchscreen• Auto focus vs. Manual adjust• Video out• Video out• Bluetooth

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Camera’s now talk with Tablets

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80 80 200 150

Camera Selection

80 x 80 200 x 150

120 x 120

320 x 240320 x 240

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All images were captured at the same distance from the target

Camera Selection

140 x 140 320 x 240

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All images were captured at the same distance from the target 640 x 480

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Camera Specification

Recommendations for a residential energy auditor:residential energy auditor:

• RESNET Requires 120x120 detector or greater• RESNET Requires 120x120 detector or greater• FOV not less 20º.

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Lens

Can the camera change lens?Can the camera change lens?Common 25°

Telescopic 15°

Do I need additional lens?

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Wide 45°

Lens

Normal lens of 25°

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Wide angle lens of 45° Telescopic lens of 15°

Lens

L R

Another reason for a lens is to

Higher Res Lower Res

capture a space or object in one

imageimage.

Example shown; the space can’t allow room to physically

move further away tomove further away to get this door in one

image.

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Delta T

• X2.1 Infrared inspection requires a sufficient difference in temperature from inside to outside (∆T) for a sufficiently long period of time, to produce discernible differenceslong period of time, to produce discernible differences between areas with studs and areas that may contain insulation.

Indoor temp

Delta is "change"

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Delta is "change". Delta T is (Tin-Tout)

Outdoor temp

Solar

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Solar

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Solar

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Air Flow

• Air flow through a building can have a powerful impact on comfort, expense, and air quality. • Blower doors provide a way to quantify air flow and the resulting heat loss, along with a way to pinpoint specific leaks. • The benefits of their use have been understood

d d t d h th t t f i land documented enough that most professionals now consider them essential for effective (and cost-effective) air sealingeffective) air sealing.

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Blower Door

@10pa

@50pa

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Blower Door

@10pa

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@50pa

Blower Door and Ducts

Transition Fit and seal

Duct not placed correctly

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Library Images for Discussion

stur

e

ing

Moi

s

Sid

ectrical

Roo

fing

El

cal

Mechanic

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Infrared Uses

• Moisture detection

• Missing insulation

• Window failures

• Air Infiltration

• Electrical uses

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Moisture Detection

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Air conditioner leak

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Missing Insulation

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Missing Insulation

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Missing Insulation

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Water or Missing Insulation?

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A cool spot

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Cool spot

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Window

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Window Failure

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Courtesy Bernie Lyon, ITC

Leaking Chimney

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Water Intrusion Discovery

P i f Visible leakPoint of entry

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Water Leak

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Wall Intersections

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Infiltration

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Blower Enhanced Infiltration

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Exterior Block Wall

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Roof

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Roof

Inside

O t id

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Outside

Wood Siding

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Vinyl Siding

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EFIS

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Air Flow at Diffusers

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Mechanical

No water in trap

Water in unitWater in unit

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Water on Floor

Mechanical

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Electrical

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Electrical

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Bee Hive

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Review

• Today’s cameras are easy to operate• Understanding IR science is essential• Understand your equipment operation • You need proper training to be a thermographer• Experiment!• Practice! WHOoooooo!

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Summary

There is an endless application list for thermal cameras

and trained thermographers.

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Thank you and enjoy the thermal world!!