bsria isolation rooms

BSRIA

Isolation rooms

Blanca Beato Arribas

26 February 2016

2Making buildings better…

BSRIA

A test, consultancy, instrument, research and market research organisation

Specialists in construction and building services

Member based association

Our values are to be authoritative, collaborative, independent and innovative

Our Mission is to

• Make Buildings Better

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Turnover breakdown

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Advice

Indoor air quality and thermal comfort

BIM strategy and roadmap to implementation

Life Cycle Costing and environmental assessment

Soft Landings implementation

Mock up testing and design validation

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Investigations

Troubleshooting and failure investigations

Building Performance Evaluation (pre and post construction)

Maintenance audits, strategy and condition surveys

Condition monitoring

Building user guides

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Mock-up testing

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Mock-up testing

BSRIA’s facilities

White box chambers

– 9 m x 6 m x 4.5 m

– 8 m x 6 m x 4.5 m

“a box within a box”

– Controlled conditions

– Bigger spaces- i.e. open plan office

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Isolation Rooms

Department of Health of England

PPVL and Negative P

CL4 downflow system

Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS), Northern Ireland

Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

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PPVL Concept

Protection from

airborne infection

Protection to inmuno

compromised patients

Protection to staff in

room

Corridor

Isolation room

Bac

k pa

ssag

e

Ensuite

Lobby

Viewing chamber

S

E

Corridor

0.70

4.24 2.49

1.80

1.12

2.41

2.

0

2.8

4.5

8.45

6.83

All measurements in m

Internal height=3m excluding floor

Internal height lobby=2.7m excluding floor

Positively Pressurised Ventilated Lobby

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Supply

220 l/s

Pressure

stabiliser

100 l/s

Extract

160 l/s

Door

60 l/s

Door

60 l/s

Door

60 l/s

Grille

100 l/s

+10 Pa0 Pa

0 Pa

-10 Pa

HBN4 Isolation room

LOBBY

ISOLATION

ROOM

EN SUITE

BATHROOM

CORRIDOR

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Intensive Care Unit

CORRIDORPLANT ROOM

ISOLATION ROOM

LOBBY

Lobby to Isolation room door

Lobby to corridor door

Bed

RPS

LPS

Supply

Supply

High Extract

Low Extract

0 Pa

0 Pa

0 Pa10 Pa

0 Pa

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Mock-up construction HBN4

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ICU Mock-up Belfast

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CL4 mock-up Bracknell

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Isolation room

Validated

Smoke tests

Airtightness

Gas tracer

tests Salt tests/

bio-

aerosols*

Design

Mock-up

construction

Room air

movement

Validation process

CFD

*University of Leeds, UK

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Airtightness

Differential Pressure

Flows through structure

These flows need to be

quantified

Set up the P/S and flow

under doors

Fan failure

BSRIA Standard on

airtightness of Isolation

rooms in 2016ATTMA Technical Standard 1 Issue 2 “Measuring Air Permeability of Building Envelopes”

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Airtightness

Sealed plate for testing

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Smoke tests

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Smoke tests

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Anemometer Surveys

(Room air movement)

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Gas Tracer Tests

Nitrous Oxide

Release: different points

Room challenges: fan failure,

effect of doors

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Gas Tracer Tests

Nitrous Oxide

Release: patient, sink,

nurse, tent

Room challenges: fan

failure, effect of doors

N2O-airborne

pathogens-studied at

the university of Leeds,

UK

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Gas tracer tests

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Comparison of PPVL and Neg P(Normalised Gas tracer concentration)

Model Type Test Extr.ppm 2

Bed

3

LHS

4

LHS

5

RHS

7

under bed ACR (h

-1)

Measured

1 PPVL 24 152 1.31 0.96 0.99 1.39 1.15 8.5

1 Neg P 30 174 0.95 0.86 0.90 1.14 0.44 11

Model Type Test Extr.ppm Extract Around bed 6

by nurse

2

by sink

7

under bed

ACR (h-1

)

Measured

2 PPVL 5 138 Low 1.00 0.88 0.97 0.88 12.3

2 Neg P 29 152 Low 1.18 1.18 0.98 0.86 18.2

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CFD model

Model of empty room

Pressure stabiliser

Air speed

measurements- Used to

verify the predictions

Accurate modelling of

blade profile

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Airtightness

Building Regulations :10 m3/hr/m2 at 50 Pa

BSRIA 1 m3/hr/m2 at a test pressure of 10 Pa = 2.62

at 50 Pa.

Model Working P Test P ALI ALI (used) Max Test Flow Rate

Max. Test Flow

Rate / unit volume

(Pa) (Pa) m3/(h.m

2) m

3/(h.m

2) (l.s

-1) (l.s

-1 per m

3)

1 10 20 3.16 3 72.5 1.01

15 30 3.87 3.9 94.3 1.31

20 40 4.47 4.5 108.8 1.51

25 50 5 5 120.8 1.68

2 10 20 3.16 3 99.2 0.75

15 30 3.87 3.9 128.9 0.98

20 40 4.47 4.5 148.8 1.13

25 50 5 5 165.3 1.25

nPkQ

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Conclusions-Cat 1-3 Isolation

rooms

Successful validation: Well mixed (80%) single zone

Good comparison between GTT salt tests and

bioaerosols

Structural integrity = passive protection

Pressure differentials = protection to an extent (doors

closed)

Protection within the room = determined by internal

flows

– 0.5 to 2 of extract concentration

– Dilution strategy provides 10^3 Protection factor

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Acknowledgements

The Department of Health of England

The Department of Health, Social Services and

Public Safety (DHSSPS), Northern Ireland

The University of Leeds, UK

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The patient in the next bed is highly contagious- thank God for these curtains!!

Thank you for

your attention

Any questions?