breast cancer epidemiology ppt
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BreastcancerBy: Brittany TokurahMakoulako Fofana
& Tyson Jones
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What is breast
cancer?As defned by the National
Cancer Institute, breast canceris the cancer that orms in thetissues o the breast, usually
the ducts (Tubes that carrymilk to the nipple and lobules
(!lands that create milk"
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BreastAnatomy
1. Chest Wall
2. Pectoralis
Muscle
3. Lobules
4. Nipple
5. Areola
6. Lactiferousducts
7. att! "issue
#. $%i&
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#ocation o breast cancer
Image from the American Cancer Society website
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The malignanttumor can ina!e
into the surroun!ing
tissues an! lym"h
no!es to s"rea!
#metastasi$e% to
!istant areas in thebo!y
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$istory 'ea!ing cause of !eath of women between ages
() an! **
It is the secon! most common cancer among
women+ with about ,-*+))) new cases eachyear
Breast cancer is known as a woman.s !isease+
but men also !eelo" breast cancer
Surial rates to!ay are higher eer !ue to
a!ances in !iagnosis an! treatment
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Cases o breast cancer in%&''
/ew cases of
breast cancer
,-)+(0) #Female%
,+1() #Male%
2eaths from breast
cancer
-3+*,)#Female%
(*) #Male%
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i!ns and symptoms
A lum" or thickening in or near the breast or in the
un!erarm area
A change in the si$e or sha"e of the breast
/i""le !ischarge or ten!erness+ or the ni""le"ulle! back #inerte!% into the breast
4i!ges or "itting of the breast+ making the skin
look like the skin of an orange
A change in the look or feel of the skin of the
breast+ areola or ni""le such as warmth+ swelling+
re!ness or scaliness
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ta!es o breast cancer
$ta'e (efi&itio&
Stage ) Cancer cells remain insi!e the breast !uct an! lobules
Stage I Cancer is , centimeter big but still in breast #lym"h no!esclear%
Stage IIA /o tumor in breast but cancer cells in a5illary lym"hno!es#un!er arm%6rtumor is , cm or smaller an! has s"rea! into a5illary lym"hno!es6rtumor between ,7* cm an! has not s"rea! into a5illary lym"hno!es
Stage IIB Tumor is between ,7* cm an! has s"rea! into lym"h no!es6rThe tumor is larger than * cm an! has not s"rea! to the a5illary
lym"h no!es
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$ta'e (efi&itio&
Stage IIIA /o tumor foun! in breast Cancer is locate! in a5illary lym"hno!es that are sticking together or to other structures+ or cancer isfoun! in lym"h no!es near breastbone6r
The tumor is any si$e Cancer has s"rea! to a5illary lym"h no!es+which are sticking together or to other structures+ or cancer isfoun! in lym"h no!es near breastbone
Stage IIIB The tumor is any si$e an! has s"rea! to the chest wall an! 8or skinof breastA/2
may hae s"rea! to a5illary lym"h no!es that are clum"e!together or sticking to other structures or cancer is foun! in lym"hno!es near breastbone
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$ta'e (efi&itio&
StageIIIC
There may either be no sign of cancer in the breast or tumor may beany si$e an! may hae s"rea! to the chest wall an!8or skin ofbreastA/2
The cancer has s"rea! to lym"h no!es aboe or below collarboneA/2The cancer may hae s"rea! to a5illary lym"h no!es or to lym"hno!es bear the breastbone
Stage I9 The cancer has s"rea! or metastasi$e! to other "arts of thebo!y
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Stage 1
Stage ,
Stage -Stage (
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)isk *actors
;en!er*
Risk factors you cannot control
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Risk factors you cannotcontrol
;enetic risk factors
About *? to 1)? are thought to be here!itary+ inherite!from a "arent
Family history=aing a first7!egree relatie such as mother+ sister+ or
!aughter !oubles a woman.s risk of breast cancer @hilehaing , first7!egree relaties tri"le the risk of breast
cancer This is a significant factor+ BT 0*? of women
who get breast cancer do &ot hae a family history of
this !isease
ersonal history of breast cancerA woman with breast cancer on one breast increases her
risk of !eelo"ing breast cancer on the other breast by
-7( fol!
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Risk factors you cannot control
4ace an! ethnicity@hite women are slightly more likely to !eelo" breast
cancer than African7American women+ but African7
American women are more likely to !ie from this cancer
In ages un!er (* howeer+ breast cancer is more
common in African7American women Asian+ =is"anic+an! /atie7American women hae a lower risk of
!eelo"ing an! !ying from breast cancer
2ense breast tissue@omen with !enser breast tissue #more glan!ular tissuean! less fatty tissue% hae a higher risk of breast cancer
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Risk factors you cannotcontrol
Menstrual "erio!s@omen who starte! menstruating at an early age
#before age 1,% an!8or went through meno"ause at a
later age #after age **% hae been though more
menstrual cycles an! hae an increase! risk of breast
cancer !ue to longer e5"osure to estrogen an!"rogesterone
reious chest ra!iation@omen who hae ha! ra!iation thera"y to the chest
area as treatment to another cancer hae a slightlyincrease! risk of breast cancer
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Risk factors that CAN becontrolled
2iet an! lifestyleA !iet high in saturate! fatan! alcoholic intake of
more than two !rinks "er
!ay increases the risk of
breast cancer+ while
"hysical actiities
!ecrease the risk In one
stu!y+ a woman who !i!
1,*7,* hours of briskwalking "er week re!uce!
her risk by 10?
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Risk factors that CAN becontrolled
@eight6besity an! oerweight increases the risk of breast
cancer+ es"ecially for women after meno"ause
4e"ro!uctie history=aing your first chil! at an age "ast -) or not haing
gien birth slightly increases the risk+ as "regnancy
re!uces a woman.s total number of menstrual cycles
Taking birth control "ills also increases the risk
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+reention Aoi!ing risk factor an! increasing
"rotectie factors may "reent
breast cancer
Changing lifestyle or eating habits
Aoi!ing things known to causecancer
Taking me!icines to treat a
"recancerous con!ition or to kee"
cancer from starting
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$o- to do a +artner el Breast
./am
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$o- to do a +artner el Breast
./am
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@hat is a Mammogram
DA mammogram is the current gol!stan!ar! non7inasie techniEue for
reliable early !etection of breast cancer
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Types o 0ammo!rams
$cree&i&' Ma))o'ra)s
Are use! to check for
breast cancer in women
who !o not hae signs orsym"toms of breast
cancer
These 57ray images make
it "ossible to !etect
tumors an! micro
calcifications
=el"s with early !etection
an! treatment
(ia'&ostic Ma))o'ra)s
Are use! to check for
breast cancer after a
lum" or other signs an!sym"toms of the !isease
hae been foun!
These 57rays take much
longer an! also are use!
in certain circumstances
like breast im"lants
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Mammogram
done?Dou will stan! in front of as"ecial G7ray machine
DA technologist will "lace your
breast on a clear "lastic "late
DAnother "late will firmly "ress
your breast from aboe
DThe "lates will flatten the
breast+ hol!ing it still while the G7
ray is being taken ou will feel
some "ressure
DThe other breast will be G7raye!
in the same wayDThe ste"s are then re"eate! to
make a si!e iew of each breast
D@ait for you results
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Normal s" Abnormal
0ammo!ram
Nor)al Ab&or)al
HHAn abnormal mammogram !oes not always mean that there is cancer But you will
nee! to hae a!!itional mammograms+ tests+ or e5ams before the !octor can tell for
sure
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Treatments Screening for early !etection Surgery
4a!iation thera"y
Chemothera"y
=ormonal thera"y
Treatment metho!s are classifie! as local or systemic
'ocal treatments #such as surgery an! ra!iation thera"y%
remoe+ !estroy or control cancer cells in a s"ecific area
Systemic treatments+ such as chemothera"y an! hormonalthera"y+ !estroy or control cancer cells throughout the bo!y
2e"en!ing on your con!ition+ you may receie a single
treatment or a combination of thera"ies gien at the same
time or in succession
B t
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Breast cancer
a-arenessS"rea! the wor! an! sae lies
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1iscussions
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)eerences
American Cancer Society
htt":88wwwcancerorg8Cancer8BreastCancer82etaile!;ui!e8breast7ca
ncer7what7is7breast7cancer
Breast Cancerorgani$ationhtt":88wwwbreastcancerorg8sym"toms8un!erstan!bc8whatisbcs"
/ational Breast Cancer Foun!ation
htt":88
wwwnationalbreastcancerorg8about7breast7cancer8risk7factorsas"5
/ational Cancer institutehtt":88wwwcancergo8cancerto"ics8ty"es8breast
D niersity of California San Francisco Me!ical center
htt":88wwwcsfhealthorg8con!itions8breast7cancer8
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancerhttp://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancerhttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breasthttp://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/breast-cancer/http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/breast-cancer/http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/breast-cancer/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breasthttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancerhttp://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancer
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