bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives is the simple memorization of facts. bloom’s taxonomy...
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What are educational objectives? Think of them as the intended outcomes of the
lesson.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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lesson.
When you design a lesson, you first ask:
• What is the purpose of this lesson?
• What should the students be able to do after the lesson that they couldn’t do
before?
• How will I know that they can do these things?
1
Lombardo
In the 1950’s, Dr. Benjamin Bloom categorized a list of educational objectives
that is now known as “Bloom’s Taxonomy.” Bloom’s Taxonomy can help
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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that is now known as “Bloom’s Taxonomy.” Bloom’s Taxonomy can help
educators to design their lessons so that the students are doing more than just
acquiring facts, but are able to use those facts in a productive way. Bloom’s
Taxonomy also helps educators develop criteria by which they can observe
student performance.
Bloom, B.S. (Ed.) (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives:
The classification of educational goals: Handbook I, cognitive domain.
Toronto: Longmans, Green.
Lombardo
Knowledge is the simple memorization of facts.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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When you write an objective (something that the students will perform), choose
activities from this list of words.
Let’s see an example.
Lombardo
Suppose you were teaching an education methods class and the topic was
“behaviorism.” The students would read a chapter about behaviorist teaching
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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“behaviorism.” The students would read a chapter about behaviorist teaching
methods, and now you want to test their knowledge of the subject. Here’s how.
(Note the key word: “list.”)
Lombardo
How about another example from a different lesson? Suppose you were
teaching students about mammals in science class. You would first list “things
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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teaching students about mammals in science class. You would first list “things
about mammals.” What makes a mammal a mammal?
•Hair
•Live-bearing
•Feed their young milk
•Warm-blooded
Then you would ask the students to repeat that list.
So, what is knowledge?
Lombardo
Comprehension requires the student to not only memorize the fact, but to
understand their meaning.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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understand their meaning.
When you write an objective (something that the students will perform), choose
activities from this list of words.
Let’s see an example.
Lombardo
Now you are asking the students not just to list the facts, but to summarize the
facts in their own words. Putting the information into their own words forces
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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facts in their own words. Putting the information into their own words forces
the students to think about the meaning behind the fact, as opposed to just
memorizing it.
Comparing and contrasting also asks the students to think more carefully about
a set of facts.
Lombardo
Back to the mammal example. What would you do at this level? (Show the
previous slide with the list of key words.)
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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previous slide with the list of key words.)
How about “compare and contrast mammals and reptiles.”
Lombardo
Now we ask the students to look at a new situation, and apply the facts.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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When you write an objective (something that the students will perform), choose
activities from this list of words.
Let’s see an example.
Lombardo
Given the students’ knowledge of behaviorist methods, we now ask them to use
that knowledge to classify which activity follows that method.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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that knowledge to classify which activity follows that method.
Lombardo
In the mammal example, how would you ask the students to apply their
knowledge in a new situation?
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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knowledge in a new situation?
Which of the following animals are mammals? Dog, lizard, parrot, halibut,
albatross …
You could show the students pictures of various animals and ask them to
identify which are mammals based on visual characteristics.
Lombardo
Analysis is the one of the higher-level thinking skills.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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When you write an objective (something that the students will perform), choose
activities from this list of words.
Let’s see an example.
Lombardo
This goes beyond simply asking them to classify an activity as being
behaviorist. Now we ask them to break the concept apart and figure out the
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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behaviorist. Now we ask them to break the concept apart and figure out the
pieces.
Lombardo
In the mammals example, you might ask why mammals have hair, why a
certain animal is a mammal (what are the distinguishing characteristics), etc.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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certain animal is a mammal (what are the distinguishing characteristics), etc.
Lombardo
Synthesis means to create something new. Take the newly acquired fact, and do
something new with it.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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something new with it.
When you write an objective (something that the students will perform), choose
activities from this list of words.
Let’s see an example.
Lombardo
Now, the student knows what behaviorist methods are, so we ask them to use
that knowledge to create a new lesson using behaviorist methods.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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that knowledge to create a new lesson using behaviorist methods.
Lombardo
How about the mammal example? Create a new mammal? Can you think of a
“what if?” question?
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“what if?” question?
Lombardo
Ultimately, we want the student to be able to use knowledge to make informed
decisions.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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decisions.
When you write an objective (something that the students will perform), choose
activities from this list of words.
Let’s see an example.
Lombardo
Evaluation questions tend to be open-ended.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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Lombardo
What would you ask in the mammal example?
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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Lombardo
Start at the bottom of Bloom’s Taxonomy and teach the basics first, then
work your way up. This is the traditional method.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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work your way up. This is the traditional method.
What are the benefits and disadvantages of this method?
Lombardo
Start at the top of Bloom’s taxonomy with a problem to solve or a
judgment to make. Then the student must find the information needed to
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
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judgment to make. Then the student must find the information needed to
solve the problem. This is called “Problem-based learning,” and is a
common constructivist technique.
In this model, students start at the top, but they move up and down the
taxonomy as needed. The rationale behind this method is that students
will learn the necessary information in the context of a real-world
problem. The authenticity of the problem helps to motivate the student –
it answers the question that every student has: “Why do I need to know
this?”
What are the benefits and disadvantages of this method?
Lombardo
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