biodiversity and drug discovery

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BIODIVERSITY AND DRUG

DISCOVERY 

“A Vital SymbioticRelationship”(title,leave some space

in the poster for me to write it in)

• Drugs developed from microbial natural products are set the

foundations for modern pharmaceutics

• Yet, there may be many more of them still unknown to

scientists, waiting to be discovered….

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•  Any efforts to successfully exploit the chemical diversity 

of microbial secondary metabolites need to rely heavily on a

good understanding of microbial diversity, being the

working hypothesis that maximizing biological diversity is

the key strategy to maximizing chemical diversity which 

leads to drug discovery!

Drug Categories: a few

exampes!

• Vitami"s

• A"ti#ioti$s• A"ti%istami"es• A"ti& age"ts 'a"timaaria

age"ts(a"ti"eopasti$

)etoxif*i"g age"tsage"ts(immu"oogi$ age"ts(

et$+,• A"ti$a"$er Drugs• A"tips*$%oti$s• Ba$teria -a$$i"es• I"%i#itors• .epari"s• I"sui"

A") t%e ist goes o" fore-er as

)rug )is$o-er* progresses!

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/%* is #io)i-ersit* importa"t i"

)rug )is$o-er*0

•  ost pharmaceutical drugs are

derived either directly or indirectly

from wild species, mainly plants…

• !hus the wider the variety of

different species in nature the

more the potential treatments that

can be derived from them"

1a"t 2i"g)om:• #or example, taxol, an anti$cancer drug,

was discovered in the bark of %acific Yew

trees in &'(s old$growth forests.

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Natura* o$$urri"g a"ti#ioti$s : These are

prepared without any artificial substances and have a natural

origin. Mineral and naturally occurring plant extracts are the

main ingredients of these natural antibiotics.

3+Ai$i":• 2i"g)om:1a"tae

• 4ou"): i" GAR5IC• Function:specific inhibitor of the acetyl$'oA synthetases

from plants,

yeast and mammals. !he bacterial acetyl$'oA$formingsystem.!hus stops their growth.

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6+A$ti"o"i":• 2i"g)om:1ro7ar*ota

• Deri-e) from: Ba$teria

• 4u"$tio": 1D4 i"%i#itor(Peptide deformylase (PDF) is essential in proaryotes and absent in mammalian cells.)

• A"ti&.IV a$ti-it*

• Agai"st E+Coi• Agai"st Stap%*o$o$us

AereusE+Coi #a$terium

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8+1e"i$ii":

• 2i"g)om:4u"gi• 4ou") i":Penicillium fungi.

• 4u"$tio": penicillin binds to the enzyme )DD$

transpeptidase* that links the peptidoglycan molecules

in bacteria. !hus,bacteria cannot construct their cell

walls.

• Treats:  syphilis, and infections caused

by staphylococci andstreptococci.

 PEnicillium funi

Foods with natural antibiotic properties:

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Various scientific studies have shown that certain foods we

eat have characteristics and qualities which act as a

natural antibiotic on the human body.

• Kingdom :Plantae

• . Vitamin C: 

• Found in!hesperides"plants"fruit"vegetables• Function!#.$cts against certain bacteria and

fungi %. skin repair &. wound healing,

strengthens the human immune system

and increases the body’s ability to resist

infection• Treats! Treatment of wounds"snae bites.

TREatment for infections observed in

!"#

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• Eukalyptus Tree:

• Function: natural antiseptic which kills

certain funguses, bacteria and viruses.

Kingdom:Animalia

• Tropical cone snails:

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• Secrete toxins with great

pharmacological value and

potential

• Conotoxins: +.block key neurological

pathways.-elp to detect and may also treat small$cell

lung cancer, one of the most devastating

human cancers

cone

snail

 Lucia…I hope you see this note!!!I have divided the potential drug

sources into Kingdomsso try to keep

drugs o the same kingdom "ithin

the same space #$Leave a small space across the

%ottom or me to "rite in the

conlusion&$Leave some space in the middle

top or title!