bellwork 1.explain the declaration of independence. purpose? rights given to citizens? 2.describe...

BELLWORK1. Explain the Declaration of Independence.

Purpose? Rights given to citizens?

2. Describe the military strategy used by the British.

3. Describe the military strategy used by the Patriots.

4. Explain the importance of the Battle of Saratoga.

5. Which foreign countries helped both the British and American colonists? How did they help?

6. What was the Treaty of Paris?

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence• Congress appointed the Congress appointed the Committee of FiveCommittee of Five to write a to write a

statement of common action & aims for the thirteen statement of common action & aims for the thirteen colonies.colonies.– The committee included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, The committee included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin,

Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and the main Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and the main author…..Thomas Jeffersonauthor…..Thomas Jefferson

• After the Congress re-convened July 1After the Congress re-convened July 1stst, they decided , they decided to officially declare independence.to officially declare independence.

• Document signed on July 4, 1776 & stated the thirteen Document signed on July 4, 1776 & stated the thirteen American colonies were now independent states.American colonies were now independent states.

• The colonies were already at war with Great Britain and The colonies were already at war with Great Britain and declared they were no longer part of the British Empire.declared they were no longer part of the British Empire.

The Committee of Five

Robert Livingston: the first Chancellor of NYC, the highest judicial officer in the state

Sherman, Franklin, Jefferson, Adams, LivingstonRoger Sherman: justice of the Superior Court of CT & member of Congress

Benjamin Franklin: first U.S. ambassador to France; delegate from PA

Thomas Jefferson: served in Congress representing VA; primary author

John Adams: lawyer & public figure in Boston; representative from MA

• "Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately."

– Benjamin Franklin at the signing of the Declaration of Independence; 1776

“The Declaration of Independence” by: John Trumbull

Robert Livingston is depicted in the center of the Committee of Five presenting the draft Declaration to the Second Continental Congress. The five prominent figures depicted are, from left to right, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.

2. Describe the military strategy used by the British.

3. Describe the military strategy used by the Patriots.

Battles of the American Revolution• Battle of Bunker Hill

– June 17, 1775– American army

surrounded Boston to prevent movement from British troops

– England learned of their plan and sent troops too

– England won– Highest death toll for

British during entire war

Battles of the American Revolution• Trenton and

Princeton– December 26, 1776

– January 3, 1777– George Washington

crossed the Delaware River through harsh weather

– Americans captured British guards and won!

““Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the Delaware” Emmanuel LeutzeDelaware” Emmanuel Leutze

Battles of the American Revolution• Saratoga

– September 19 & October 7, 1777

– British win first battle– Americans win second

battle and force a British retreat

– Turning point of Revolutionary War

– France decided to ally with the Americans

Help from foreign powers• France, Netherlands & Spain side with the Patriots

– navies prevent a British blockade• Marquis de Lafayette

– Major-General of French troops– Blocked British troops at Yorktown– Encouraged France to increase support & aide– Supporter of U.S. Constitutional principles– Becomes a link between the American and French revolutions

• Baron de Kalb– A German-born French officer who served as Major-General– Commanded troops in MD & DE– Worked alongside Lafayette

Washington and Lafayette at Valley Forge

Lafayette• Became a U.S. citizen • For his accomplishments in

the service of both France and the United States, he is known as "The Hero of the Two Worlds".

• In honor of his contributions to the American Revolution, many cities and monuments throughout the United States bare his name.

Lafayette Court House, INLafayette Fountain, GA

Lafayette Monument, D.C.

DeKalb• Numerous towns and

counties in the US are named after him in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, New York, Tennessee, and Texas. Several streets are named after him in New York.

DeKalb monument in GABattle of Camden; DeKalb’s death

Battles of the American Revolution• Yorktown

– October 19, 1781– British began construction

of port in Virginia– Combined French and

American forces– Last major battle of

American Revolution– America wins and forces

England to surrender

Treaty of Paris• September 3, 1783• Acknowledged the 13

colonies as a free and independent country – United States of America

• American territory expanded to Mississippi River

• How did this influence revolutions in other colonies?

American Revolution Video• You are now going to watch the “Revolution” episode from

the History Channel series: America the Story of Us.• It discusses all major battles and the reason for America’s

victory.• During the movie, take notes on important points. Once the

video is over, you will compose an essay using the following prompt:– Why did America win the Revolutionary War? Analyze the political,

social, diplomatic, and military reasons for victory. Your essay should include a thesis and use of examples from the video/notes/handouts to back up your points.

IB HOA

• No bellwork today!

• Get out all your notes & handouts

• We will begin the in-class essay shortly!

American Revolution Essay• Why did America win the Revolutionary War? Analyze the

political, social, diplomatic, and military reasons for colonial victory.

• In general, your essay should include:• Introduction (thesis)• Main body (arguments & evidence)• Conclusion • You are analyzing reasons for victory…. Do NOT just write

down everything you know about the topic. • Pick two/three examples and stick to them!

IB HOA Essays• Throughout the course, you will be graded using the essay

writing rubric.• IB Essays are graded on three components:

1. Argument

2. Historical Understanding (factual knowledge)

3. Historiography – IB defines historiography as “the history of history.” – Rather than focusing on the actual event – for example, Hitler's

annexation of Austria – you focus more on the history of the history of the event (Hitler’s personal ties with Austria, desire for expansion, nationalism, etc.)

– Not only “what happened?” but “why it happened?”

IB HOA Essays• A high-scoring essay will include:• Argument:

– Question is addressed in a clearly structured and focused essay that indicates a high level of understanding

– Arguments are clear, coherent, relevant, and well substantiated

• Historical Understanding (factual knowledge):– The answer demonstrates an in-depth understanding of the topic through the

selection, explanation, and effective use of historical knowledge.

• Historiography:– Historical events & topics are explained and placed in their historical context– Answer displays a critical examination of a wide range of historical evidence– Answer displays a highly developed awareness of historiographical issues