baroque art
Post on 07-Feb-2017
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The term Baroque once had a negative meaning.
The name is derived from Spanish word relating to Baroque pearls - pearls with unusual, odd shapes
Compared to Renaissance art, it was considered to be “over-dramatic” and the architecture, “overly decorated”.
Baroque style is Dramatic
Strong Contrast of Light and Dark
Dynamic Composition
Architecture is decorative / many details
Roman Catholic Church supported Baroque art style in response to the Protestant Reformation (movement to reform Catholic Church) – communication of religious themes with viewer's direct and emotional involvement
Aristocracy adopted Baroque style to impress visitors and to express triumphant power and control
Annibale Carracci, Loves of the Gods
• Commissioned by Cardinal Farnese to celebrate the wedding of his brother
• Various Gods and Humans in love
• “quadro riportato” – looks like framed easel paintings
• Inspired by Italian Renaissance art (Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian)
• Story of Pharisee Saul converting to Christianity
• Appears to be an accident in the horse stable (everyday life)
• Caravaggio used strong light and dark / shadowy style (greatly influenced European art)
• Perspective and Chiaroscuro (light and shadow) used to bring the viewer closer to the event Caravaggio
Conversion of St. Paul
1601, Oil on Canvas
• Christ enters from the right to summon Levi (a Roman tax collector) to a “higher calling”
• Bland street scene (“normal, everyday life”)
• Caravaggio’s style of strong light and shadow
• Light as a symbol of God Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew
1597 – 1601, Oil on Canvas
• Bronze “canopy” over the tomb of St. Peter
• Decorative, Grand Structure
• Sculpture / Architecture
• Focal point of church
• Made from Bronze of doors of the ancient Roman Pantheon (Pantheon was a temple for Pagan religion)
• Commissioned by the Barberini Family
30 Meters Tall
St. Peter’s, Vatican (Rome)
St. Peter's, Rome exterior – late Renaissance (Completed 1690) designed in part by Michelangelo
Largest interior of any Catholic Church in world – holds up to 60, 000 people
• Informal family portrait
• Theme “Mystery of the Visual World”
• Young Princess in middle “Infanta”
• Maids-in-waiting helping her
• Her favorite dwarfs and her dog
• Velasquez is working on large canvas (portrait of King Philip IV and Queen Mariana (reflections in mirror)
• Man framed in doorway
Diego Velazquez
Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor)
1656, Oil on Canvas
• Made for King Philip IV
• Spanish Victory over Dutch in 1625
• Spanish troops on right (organized - victory)
• Dutch troops on left (disorganized – defeat)
• Spanish General patting the back of Dutch General
Diego Velazquez
Surrender of Breda,
1634 – 1635, Oil on Canvas
Francisco de Zurbarán Saint Francis of Assisi in His Tomb Oil on Canvas, 1630-4
• Dramatic light and shadows
• Large figure filling the space
• St. Francis of Assisi, a friar who lived in Italy in the late 11th / early 12th Centuries. St. Francis was born rich, but at the age of 21 he had an epiphany and realized he should live simply. He eventually gave away all his money and attracted many followers.
• Story of when Pope Nicholas V was visiting the tomb of St. Francis of Assisi and saw a vision of the Saint 200 years after his death.
• Holding a skull to remind us of his death.
• Stigmata on his feet that he received (same as the ones on Christ’s body when he was on the cross).
• etching technique (printmaking)
• Created when he was a student
• Exercise in lighting, expression
• Rembrandt created at least 70 self-portraits during his lifetime (oil paintings and etchings)
Rembrandt van Rijn Self-Portrait in a Cap, Etching, 1630
• Van Dyck – portrait artist (full body portraits)
• Elegant portrait of King of England
• King as a nobleman riding a horse in park
• King coming down off of his horse to a closer level to “the people”, but he is still higher up
• Landscape in background
Anthony van Dyck
Charles I Dismounted
1635, Oil on Canvas
Johannes Vermeer The Art of Painting Oil on Canvas, 1662
• Vermeer painted less than 40 paintings in his lifetime, but 8 of them are considered to be masterpieces.
• Art about the creation of art - “the artist’s process”
• Vermeer known for his interior domestic scenes.
• The woman is an allegorical figure (symbolic)
• Realism
• Dramatic use of lighting
Johannes Vermeer Girl with a Pearl Earring, Oil Painting, 1665
• Tradition of Portrait Painting in Northern Europe
• Symbolism of the turban headdress and the pearl
• Involvement of the viewer: The viewer believes they have caught her attention and caused her to turn her head
• Dramatic light and shadow
• Vermeer’s signature color: ultramarine blue
Pieter Claez Still Life with Silverware and Lobster 1641, Oil on Canvas
• Claez was one of the masters of Dutch Baroque still life painting.
• Vanitas Painting - Still Life as a metaphor related to the passing of time / ephemerality / inevitability of death
• Symbolism
• Realism and emphasis on textures / reflective surfaces
• Celebration of Dutch life / pleasure of dining / wealth.
• King Louis XIV - France’s longest reigning Monarch
• “Louis Couture” - the birth of haute couture fashion (high fashion - seasonal, corporate, media driven)
• King Louis XIV helped to make France a fashion capital (previously Madrid, Spain)
• Wore high heels to make him taller (5’4”) - set the trend for high heels
• Absolute Monarchy
Hyancinthe Rigaud
Louis XIV,
Oil on Canvas
1701
Jules Hardouin-Mansart / Charles Le Brun, Hall of Mirrors (Palace of Versailles)
1680, interior architecture
• Hall of Mirrors in King Louis XIV’s Palace of Versailles
• Mirror – Baroque source of illusion
• 100’s of rooms in palace
• Rich decoration / details
Hardouin-Mansart / Le Brun
Hall of Mirrors (Palace of Versailles)
1680, interior architecture
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