ballistic missile defense system

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TOPIC : BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEMSEMINAR

A Presentation by, ABHISHEK KHOTKAR

Guided by, Dr. V. B. PANSARE Sir

MARATHWADA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AURANGABAD

ROLL NO. – 4008CLASS - BE ‘A’ MECHANICAL

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY WORKING PRINCIPLE TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF MISSILES DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN BMD MERITS AND DEMERITS CONCLUSION FUTURE SCOPE REFERENCES

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What is missile..?

Missile Any object thrown at a target with the aim of hitting can be called

as a missile. 'or' In modern usage, missile is a flying weapon that has its own engine

so that it can travel a long distance before exploding at the place that it has been aimed at.

Ballistic Missile: A Ballistic Missile is a missile that follows a ballistic flight path with

the objective of delivering one or more Warheads to a predetermined target.

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A ballistic missile is launched directly into the high layers of the earth's atmosphere. It travels well outside the atmosphere and then the warhead detaches and falls back to earth. It follows the path of a ball thrown upwards which falls down. Since it depends on gravity to reach its target, it's called a ballistic missile.

A ballistic missile is only guided during relatively brief periods of flight & most of it’s trajectory is unpowered & governed by gravity.

Shorter range ballistic Missiles stay within the earth's atmosphere, while longer range ones are designed to spend some of their flight time above the atmosphere.

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Anti-Ballistic Missile: An Anti Ballistic Missile (ADM) is Missile designed

to counter ballistic missile. Ballistic missiles are used to deliver nuclear,

chemical biological or conventional Warhead in ballistic flight trajectory.

The term "Anti-Ballistic Missile" describes any anti missile system designed to counter ballistic missile.

India’s Anti-Ballistic Missiles are Prithvi Air Defense (PAD) or Pradyumna and Akash Air Defense (AAD).

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Working Principle The working of a missile is based on the Newton’s Third

Law i.e. Action and reaction are equal and opposite The propulsion of a missile is achieved with the help of

a rocket engine. It produces thrust by ejecting very hot gaseous matter, called propellant.

The hot gases are produced in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine by chemical reactions.

The propellant is exhausted through a nozzle at a high speed. This exhaust causes the rocket to move in the opposite direction (Newton's third law).

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Launch of missile from submarine

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Terminology

WARHEAD A warhead is an explosive device used in military conflicts, used to destroy enemy vehicles or buildings.

Typically, a warhead is delivered by a missile , rocket or torpedo. It consists of the explosive material, and a detonator.

Types of warhead :- Explosive: An explosive charge is used to disintegrate

the target, and damage surrounding areas with a shockwave.

Chemical: A toxic chemical, such as nerve gas is dispersed, which is designed to injure or kill human beings.

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Types of missile

• There are two types of missiles.

• UNGUIDED OR BALLISTIC MISSILES which moves freely to the target and can’t be controlled after launching e.g. missiles of tank

• GUIDED MISSILES which are guided through some remote controls e.g. Cruise missile

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Classification of Missiles

Type Range Propulsion Guidance Systems

Launch Mode

1. Surface-to-Surface Missile

2. Surface-to-Air Missile

3. Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile

4. Air-to-Air Missile

5. Air-to-Surface Missile

6. Sea-to-Sea Missile

7. Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile

8. Anti-Tank Missile

1. Short Range Missile

2. Medium Range Missile

3. Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile

4.Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

1. Wire Guidance

2. Command Guidance3. Terrain Comparison Guidance

4. Terrestrial Guidance

5. Inertial Guidance

6. Beam Rider Guidance

7. Laser Guidance

8. RF and GPS Reference

1. Solid Propulsion

2. Liquid Propulsion

3. Hybrid Propulsion

4. Ramjet

5. Scramjet

6. Cryogenic

1. Cruise Missile

2. Ballistic Missile

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Cruise missile Unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle

Sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path

Primary mission is to place an ordnance or special payload on a target.

Use jet engine technology. Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as :

1. Subsonic cruise missile 2. Supersonic cruise missile 3. Hypersonic cruise missile

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MACH Number : Ratio of flow speed relative to a boundary and the local speed of sound

• Subsonic Speed of about 0.8 mach ex : Harpoon of USA , Exocet of France

• Supersonic Speed of about 2-3 mach

ex: BRAHMOS

• Hypersonic Speed of more than 5 mach Around 2.3820 km/s ex : BRAHMOS - II

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Ballistic missile• A missile that has a ballistic

trajectory over most of its flight path.

• Categorized according to their range, maximum distance.

• First : V-2 rocket by Nazi Germany

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THE BASICS OF BALLISTIC MISSILE

All ballistic missile share a common, fundamental element The missiles follow a ballistic trajectory which includes three phases Phase I ---Boost Phase Phase II –Mid-Course Phase Phase III – Terminal Phase

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DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN BMD

India began the development of the ballistic missile DEFENSE system in 1999.

The development was planned in two stages. The first phase was challenging due to the complex

technologies and indigenous mission systems employed in the mission.

After eight years of development, the first missile test was conducted in November 2006.

The Prithvi-II missile was successfully intercepted by the PAD in the endo-atmosphere at an altitude of 48km.

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INTERCEPTOR

PAD is a two stage missile based on the Prithvi missile.

Also known as Pradyumna, PAD has a maximum interception altitude of 80km.

The first stage is liquid fuelled and the second stage is solid fuelled.

The missile is equipped with manoeuver thrusters for lateral acceleration.

It can engage the ballistic missiles (300km-2,000km range) at a speed of Mach 5.

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PRITHVI AIR DEFENSE (PAD) Type : Exo atmospheric anti ballistic missile Used by : Indian Army Manufacturer : DRDO In use from : 26 November 2006 Engine : 2 stage Range : 2000 km Altitude : 8.0 km Speed : Mach 5 Weight : 1200 kg Length : 25 feet Diameter : 1.6 feet

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AKASH AIR DEFENSE (AAD)

Type : surface to air missileUsed by : Indian armyManufactured by : DRDOWeight : 750 kgLength : 5.78 mDiameter : 14 inchEngine : Integral rocket motorSpeed : Mach 3

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SWORDFISH RADAR

Swordfish is a long-range tracking radar developed for the BMD system.

It was derived from the Israeli Green Pine long range radar. A test conducted in March 2009 validated the long-range

capabilities of the radar. Swordfish guides the exo-atmospheric interceptor missile PAD

to engage aerial targets at altitudes over 80km. The radar can detect very small targets within the range of

600km-800km. DRDO plans to upgrade the range of Swordfish to 1,500 km by

2011.

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MERITS AND DEMERITS

The missile defense system is program that enables the military to shoot down any missile intended to strike India.

MERITS -Security -Will not have to retaliate -Saves lives -Saves the environment -Can prevent attacks by way of intimidation

DEMERITS -Costly -Technology could be stolen -Could start an arms race

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CONCLUSION

Currently Ballistic missiles are among the most expensive of single-use weapons, up to several million dollars. However, they are cheaper than human pilots when total training and infrastructure costs are taken into account.

Guidance System used in Ballistic missile is a complex system which involves several systems working in random. It is essential that guidance system is properly designed for accurate interception of targets.

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FUTURE SCOPE FOR MISSILES OF INDIA

India is trying to prepare many missiles that can cover a large distance

India is now creating Agni 6 , Brahmos 2 , Astra, killer K-4, Surya 1 and 2 etc...

Agni 6 has a ability to cover a distance of 8000 to 12000 km

Brahmos 2 can be launched from any platformAstra missile uses a smokeless propulsion systemSurya 1 and 2 has a capacity to be launched beneath

the sea 1000 km below

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REFERENCES-BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE: CAPABILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS By ALWYN YOUNG-William Schneider, Jr., er al., U.S. Strategic Nuclear Policy and Ballistic Missile

Defense: The 1980s and Beyond (Cambridge: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (IFPA), 1980),

-GUIDED MISSILES , by - T V Karthikeyan & A K Kapoor , Scientists Defense Research &- Development Laboratory, Hyderabad , Defense Scientific Information & Documentation Centre (DESIDOC) , Ministry of Defense, DRDO

-THE SECRET OF FLIGHT by JOHAN HOFFMAN, JOHAN JANSSON AND CLAES JOHNSON

-Aerodynamic Characteristics of G16 Grid Fin Configuration at Subsonic and Supersonic Speeds by Prashanth H S , Prof. K S Ravi , Dr G B Krishnappa

-PRINCIPLES OF GUIDED MISSILES AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS, by BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL OF U.S NAVY ,Prepared and produced by the U. S. Navy Training Publications Center under direction of the Bureau of Naval Personnel

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INTERNET REFERENCES• http://www.brahmos.com/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Trajectory_of_a_projectile• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrahMos-II • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOGn8_XEMp8• http://www.army-technology.com/projects/drdo-

bmd/

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