background information: 1 dante’s work “the divine comedy” 《神曲》 includes three...

Background Information:1 Dante’s work “The Divine Comedy” 《神曲》 includes three sections, what are they?2 Read Chaucer’s work “The Canterbury Tales”. What is it about?3 Read Virgil’s work after class. Tell us the story of “Troy War”.

Pre-Reading

Ⅱ Word-Study

I managed to____ 2 tickets for the concert.

Eg: Most people don’t like whisky at first—it’s an _____ taste.

Word Formation

acquisition n.

acquisitive adj.

1. acquire/get/obtain

get/obtain

acquired

2 assume

　 1 He got away and is____ to be living in Spain.

　 2 从他们谈话的方式我推测他们是夫妻 .　 3 她应该单独见他的啊 .She was ___to meet him alone.

Synonyms

presume

suppose

presumed/assumed

supposed

2 assume

assume “ 假定，以为，假定为真的”，其中心理因素大于逻辑推理的因素。

　　　 Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?　　　科学家们推测火星上没有生命． .

Presume “ 以为，认定，推测”，以经验作根据或合乎逻辑的推　　　　　　　　　　　　　　测，有较充分的理由，但结论有可能不正确。重在推测且语气正式。

　 He got away and is presumed to be living in Spain.　　从他们谈话的方式我推测他们是夫妻　 From the way they talked I presumed them to be a coupl

e.Suppose “ 认定，假想，猜想”，正式程度最低。强调一种尝试性的建议、意见、而非某种确指或判断，即只陈述自己的意见。

　　 It was quite reasonable to suppose they wanted the money too.

Synonyms

presume

suppose

-ize/-ise to cause to be; to make; to become

modernize / stabilize / realize / crystalize / materialize /standardize / computerize / idealize / capitalize

to put into stated placehospitalize / centralize / socialize

-fy to cause to bepurify / simplify / clarify / justify / notify / si

mplify / classify identify / terrify / qualify /

-en to becomedarken / weaken / blacken / sadden

to be made ofwooden / golden / woolen

3. Verbal affixWord formations-ize/-ise -fy -en

4 certify

1). certify   to declare formally, esp in writing or on a  printed document   （尤指书面证明）

　　　　　他证实了那是他妻子的笔迹 .2). justify      show that sth / sb is right, reasonable or just  （表明或证明某人或某事是正当的，有理的或公正的）

•        They found it hard to justify their son’s giving up a secure well-paid job. 

Synonyms

justify verify testify

3). verify      to check; to make sure sth is true or accurate （证实，核查）电脑核实了这些下载的数据很正确 .

　　　 The computer verified the data was loaded correctly.4). testify     declare as a witness, esp in court; give evidence （提供证据，作证）

•   Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favor.

drought; earthquake; fire; flood; hurricane( 飓风 ); storm; typhoon; tornado( 龙卷风 ) ； wreck( 船难 ) ； collision ； air crash ； accident 常指不可预知的意外事故calamity 正式用语。“灾难、祸患、不幸事件”。主要指自然原因造成的严重的不幸与灾难

　　 E.g.The president called on the whole country to fight against the natural calamity.catastrophe “ 烈性灾难”，如二战时欧洲犹太人受到法西斯德国的大规模屠杀和 30 万中国人在南京被日军残杀等事件都可被称为 catastrophe. E.g. misfortune; mishap 小灾小难

5 disaster Synonymsaccident/calamity/catastrophe/misfortune

body group of people working or acting as a unit a body of supporters

　　　 a legislative body a government body

　　　 the student body the governing body

faculty the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university

The entire faculty of the university will attend the meeting.

6. body / faculty / staff

• Staff (usu. sing)group of assistants working together in a business, etc responsible to a manager or a person in authority

　　　　 the hotel staff the shop staff

　　 We need more staff in the office.

2. Those people doing administrative work

　　 a head teacher and her staff

( 校长及全体教师）　　　 The school staff are expected to supervi

se school meals.

resource

resource 主要指个人、集体，特别是一个国家等所拥有的物质财富、财力、资源、原材料等。一般用复数形式。 resource 作为不可数名词时，意为“机智、应变能力”。

We must exploit the natural resources of our country.　 He was a man of great resource.

source “水源，源头，发源地，某种东西、信息或疾病的起因，来源，出处”。 Source 用作复数形式时，通常指用于研究或调查的最原始的资料和文件。

　　 The reporter refused to name the source of the information.

　　 historical sources史料 sources materials 原始资料origin 常指某事的“起源、由来”，还指“出身、血统”。

　　　　　　　　 He is a man of noble origin.

Synonyms

source

origin

8. sensitive / sensible

• sensible reasonable a sensible person / suggestion

• sensitive easily hurt, damaged, affected, offended, upset

a sensitive nerve heat-sensitive

a sensitive girl sensitive to criticism

1 Text Structure2 Theme3 Language points

While-Reading

The author tries to clarify the

purpose of a university: to put the

students in touch with the best

civilization that human race has

created.

Theme

The end of Theme.

Part 1 (paras. 1— ) :

Part 2 (paras. ) :

Text AnalysisText AnalysisStructure of the Text

8

9-14

•It describes the writer’s encounter with one of his student.      

•Restates what the writer still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created.

1 Irony (sarcastic and humourous) Euphemism 委婉语

2 verbal affix: -ize/-ise

3 Grammar: as/could have done4 Sentence structures: have no business doing sth.

5 Long sentences paraphrase

Teaching Focus

Language Points• Questions for paragraph 1:• 1 Under what circumstance did the professor

meet the student? What does “disaster” refer to?

• 2 What did the student look like? How did he behave?

• 3 What was the course the professor offered? Was the student interested? what did he say to the professor one day?

•

1Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher.

• e.g.:Mr. Smith had an usual ____: he • was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ende

d up as a school teacher. • A. profession B. occupation • C. position D. career• adj. career man / woman • derivation: careerism 发达主义以升官为目的主义

• careerist 野心家，不顾一切想要发达的人

Synonyms

occupation

profession/trade•career: n./ adj.D

• occupation 指人们正在从事的职业或工作 • profession 指经过长期学习或训练后才能获得的专门的职业。 该词常用语表达通过某种资格考试或获得某个学位后的脑力劳动者所从事的职业。

• trade 指需要有熟练技术的、以营利为目的的职业，主要指手工业。

• vocation: a job one does because one thinks one has a special fitness or ability to give service to other people; 胜任且符合兴趣的工作，以服务为宗旨的工作。

2…I was fresh out of …Kansas City.:

I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.

be fresh out of sth.: to have just come from a particular place; to have just had a particular experience. 刚用完，刚卖完

e.g. We’re fresh out of tomatoes. He was fresh out of words.

3 Part of the student body…teach me something.

The word "beanpole" means "a tall thin person". Here the writer deliberately evokes a "beanpole", a pole farmers use as a support in vegetable gardens.

part of the student body: one of the studentsthe student body: all the students of the universitybody: a group of people who work or act together社团，团体

body group of people working or acting as a unit a body of supporters

　　　 a legislative body a government body

　　　 the student body the governing body

faculty the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university

The entire faculty of the university will attend the meeting.

6. body / faculty / staff

4 I could have pointed out① that [he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college]

and ②that [ at the end of his course he meant to

reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science.:]

obtainintend to

have…written

certificate

technical school

I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B. S. at a university.

(1) enroll in : officially join a course, school, etc. e.g.他参加了两个月的托福学习 .He is enrolled in a two-month course for TOEFL.When he failed the national college entrance exams, he decided to enroll in a technical school.

5 It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generate within its history.:

state officially

be introduced to

in the past

•The B. S. certificate would be an official proof that the holder had special knowledge of pharmacy but it would also be a proof that he/she• had learned/absorbed some profound ideas of the past

produce

(1) certify that: to state especially in writing, e.g.

This is to certify that Ms. Li Lin worked for IBM Beijing Office from January 1998 to June 2000.(2) specialize in: to limit all or most of one's stu

dy, business, etc. to a particular activity E.g.张教授专门研究美国话剧．Professor Zhang specializes in American dram

a.My sister specializes in contract law.

(3) be exposed to (usually, a new idea or feeling): to be given experience of it, or introduced to it, 使处于…作用或影响之下

e.g. 我们应该接触不同的文化 .(4) generate: to produce or create sth. generate ideas/electricity

6 That is to say, he had not entered but and in universities students enroll for both training and education.:

• Why did the professor draw a line between training and education? In what way are they different?

• education: is used in a broad sense, not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind.

a technical training schoola

university

7 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around long

enough for it to matter.

I didn’t tell him.to be present

whether I told him all this

to be important

8 "For the rest of your life," I said, "your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours."

(1) average out (to): (informal) to come to an average level or standard.平均为…

e.g. 大学每天平均花 20元饭钱 . Meals at the university average out to abou

t 20 yuan per day. The couple's income averages out to 5,000

yuan a month.

真题搜索

The ____ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. (CET-6, 1997年 6 月 )

A. common B. usual C. average D. general The ____ driver thinks accidents only happen to other pe

ople.( TEM-4, 1994年 )A. average B. common C. usual D. normal The ____ family in Chinese cities now spends more mone

y in housing than before. (TEM-4 2002年 )A. normal B. average C. usual D. general

9 hold (= hold good): to be true or valid, to apply; to remain in a certain state,

• <口 >继续有用（或有价值）• e.g.• What he said still holds good.• Can the good weather hold?

10. ...be usefully employed.

be employed in doing sth.: ( written) to spend your time doing sth.

• Example:

1 那人整天忙于读啊，写啊，以及打太极 .

That man's days were employed in reading, writing and doing Chinese boxing.

2 那位老妇人成天忙于给孙子们编织毛衣． The old lady was busily employed in knitting

sweaters for her grandsons.

11 Assume you have gone through pharmacy school ...:

• Suppose/Let's imagine you have completed your studies of pharmacy ...

•go through: 经历，经过；审阅，检查；做完工作等

• go back on 食言，背弃• go in for 参加从事，追求• go into进入 , 加入 , 探究 , • go for去找 , 努力获取 , 被认为 ,

主张 , 拥护 • go after 追求追逐• go over仔细检查，复习• go on

collocation

• 1) David likes country life and has decided to ____ farming. (CET-6, 1997,6)

• A. go in for B. go back on • C. go through with D. go along with

2) Then the speaker ____ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis. (CET-4, 1995, 6)

A. went after B. went into C. went for D. went on• 3) The terrorists might have planted a bomb

on a plane in Athens, set to ____ when it arrived in NY. (CET-6, 1999,6)

• A. go off B. get off • C. come off D. carry off

A

B

A

真题搜索

4) There are other problems which I don’t propose to ____ at the moment. (CET-4, 1996,1)

A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up

5) Will you ____ this passage to see if there is any misprint?

A. look up B. go over C. dwell on D. work out

6) The early pioneers had to ____ many hardships to settle on the new land. ( CET-4,200,6)

A. go along with B. go back on C. go through D. go into

A

B

C

make sure

• 12 You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.

poisonous chemical

out of control death sentenceYou have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you're a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn't get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, You should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.

1Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher.

• e.g.:Mr. Smith had an usual ____: he • was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ende

d up as a school teacher. • A. profession B. occupation • C. position D. career• adj. career man / woman • derivation: careerism 发达主义以升官为目的主义

• careerist 野心家，不顾一切想要发达的人

Synonyms

occupation

profession/trade•career: n./ adj.D

真题搜索

The ____ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. (CET-6, 1997年 6 月 )

A. common B. usual C. average D. general The ____ driver thinks accidents only happen to other pe

ople.( TEM-4, 1994年 )A. average B. common C. usual D. normal The ____ family in Chinese cities now spends more mone

y in housing than before. (TEM-4 2002年 )A. normal B. average C. usual D. general

• average, common, general, universal, usual　　这一组形容词都有 " 普通 " 的意思。

• 　　 average a. 普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示 " 平均的 " 。　　 The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. 跑步者 15 分钟内平均跑两英里。

• 　　 common a. 常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为 " 平凡的 " ，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有 " 公共的，共同的 " 之意。　　 Car accidents are a common occurrence. 交通事故是很普通的事件。

• 　　 general a. 普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为 particular 。　　 In general, the economy is doing well now. 总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。

• 　　 universal a. 普遍的，比 general 语气更强，有 " 全然没有例外 " 的意思。

　　 Poverty is a universal problem all over the world. 贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。

• 　　 usual a. 通常的，惯常的，强调 " 习惯性的，符合规章制度的 " ，是个一般用语。

see to it that 　务必做到，保证• 你能保证所有的邀请都是今天发出去吗？• Can you see to it that all the invitations are delivered

today?• I'll see to it that everything is ready before the guests

arrive.• see to: 注意，照料，办理，保证；修补，诊治，• e.g.• The security of the goods must be seen to.　 You ought to have your eyes seen to by a doctor.• 真题搜索：• The politician says he will ____ the welfare of the peo

ple.(CET-6,1997,1)• A. prey on B. take on C. get at D. see to

D

1)Putting in a new window will ____ cutting away part of the roof. (CET-4, 2000, 6)

A. include B. involve C. contain D. comprise

2) The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident ____ two lorries. (TEM-4,1996)

A. involving B. including C. combining D. containing

真题搜索

A

B

Synonymscomprise/contain/embrace

hold/include • comprise 指有许多部分集中在一起构成整体。在意义上，常指组

成或构成抽象的事物。在用法上，常用作及物动词，多用主动语态。在非正式场合或不严格情况下，也用作不及物动词，与 of搭配。

• E.g.• 50 states comprise the United States.• The board of management comprised of very zealous and a

ble men.• contain 着重指被包容的东西是整体中的组成部分，也指在一个大

的容器中容纳许多小的事物。• embrace 强调把全部包括在内，只用于事物。• hold 指某一物体能接纳一定数量的人或物，侧重只能容纳或有足够

的容量。• include 它的宾语是所包含的部分内容。• involve 侧重指抽象事物所包含的成分。着重于基本部分与整体的内在联系。

13 involve

14 Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children.

In addition to all other things (such as satisfaction) these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children. along with: in addition to sb. /sth

e.g. 他和他的朋友一起去旅行． She placed the bank notes, along with the change and receipts, back in the drawer.

15. may it always suffice.

• suffice: v. to be enough • sufficient----adj. enough• sufficiency----n. the state of being or havin

g enough• efficient

your income be enough to support a family

16 do with:

• (1)（与 what连用）用，利用 e.g.• I don’t know what to do with this strange object.• (2)（与 what连用）对待，处理 e.g. • They do not know what to do with all the garbage h

ere.• (3)（与 what连用）放置• What do you do with rice straw in your country?• (4) （与 could ， can连用）想要，需要 e.g.• I could do with a drink.

17 Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home?

• Will your children ever hear you talk about something profound at home?

deep and acuteto an extent that is good but not very good

be introduced to

(1) be exposed to (usually, a new idea or feeling): to be given experience of it, or introduced to it, 使处于…作用或影响之下

e.g. 我们应该接触不同的文化 . we should be exposed to different cultures.(2) reasonably: to a degree that is fairly good but not very good, e.g.

她想找一个离大学还算比较近的地方 . She wants to find a place reasonably close (= not far

from) to her university.

Exercise

18 Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great

democratic intellect?• Will you be head of a family who brings up the kids

in a democratic spirit?• preside over : • (1) to be in charge or to control a meeting or an eve

nt, here used humorously （ over/at ）主持，主管； e.g.

• He has presided at a seminar for social psychologists.

• (2) (over) 掌管，领导； preside over a revolution• (3)（以主人身份）招待客人 • e.g. preside at table / preside for sb.• (4) 领奏，主奏 (at) e.g. preside at the piano

Although it was his first experience as chairman, he ____ over the meeting with great skill. (CET-6,1998,6)

A. presided B. administered C. mastered D. executed

Mr. Anderson presided ___ the board meeting on behalf of the Chairman. (TEM-4, 1993)

A. at B. during C. on D. in

真题搜索

• to maintain a sustainable development• How to maintain China’s economy on a

regular and healthy track?

maintain sustain/containretain/detain/attain

The basket could hardly_____ the weight of fruit.               A. retain   B. sustain   C. maintain   D. remain 

19 be out to do sth. /for sth.:

to be trying to get or do sth. 一心谋求，力图获得The company is out to break into the European market.These shops are out to trick you into buying what you don't need.

20"I hope you make a lot of it," I told him, "because you're going to be badly stuck for something to do when you're not signing checks.”

• If you don't have any goal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches, go ahead and make a lot of it.

no to know what to do

pay for what’ve boughtsarcastic

(1) be stuck for sth.: not to know what to do in a particular situation, 想不起来，不知所措 e.g.演讲中 , 他突然不知道说什么好了 .In the middle of the speech, he was stuck for words (= he didn't know how to go on).(2) signing checks: paying for what you've bought by signing checks

21.If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for [that lesson of man's development ]we call history—then you have no business being in college.

• If you don't want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy and the fine arts and history, you shouldn't be studying here at college.

call?

human race

should not be

have no business doing sth. have no business to do sth.: to have no right to do sth. , shouldn‘t have been/be doing sth. 无权，没有理由 e.g.你没有权利告诉我如何去做．You've no business telling me what to do.他那天不该去游泳．He had no business to go swimming that day.

22. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal.

• You will soon become an uneducated, ignorant person who can only work machines and operate mechanical equipment (one who doesn't know anything about literature, music, the fine arts, culture in general, etc. ).

on the point of achieving

type

an ignorant person who can only use machines by pushing the buttons

man who is intellectually simple and can only work machines

23.Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they

went to college; rather the college went through them without making contact.

A number of such push-button savages get college degrees. We cannot help that. But even with their degrees, we can't say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that they come through college without learning anything.

push-button savages

the fact is/ more accurate

personification

they learnt nothing

rather

“适度地”，“在某种程度上”，或“不很”之意，修饰形容词或副词。rather good play rather poor workrather hot rather smalla rather nice day a rather pretty womanfairly tidy / friendlya quite nice guy a quite promising futurea pretty simple question

Synonyms

rather/fairly/pretty

(1) life forms: used sarcastically, meaning these people are living creatures, but can't think and reason

(2) go through (a person) (like a dose of salts): (of food, etc. ) to be quickly excreted/to pass through the body as waste matter without being digested; here, used figuratively and sarcastically

24 No one gets to be a human [being unaided.]

get to be/to do sth.: to reach the point at which you are, E.g.Once you get to know her better, you'll realize she is compassionate at heart.他的心不在焉越来越是个问题。His absent-mindedness is getting to be a big problem.

without the help of others.

a civilized person

for example

26.You pass the great stone halls of, say, M.l.T., and there [cut into the stone] are the names of the scientists.

•If you pass the great stone hall of a university, M. I. T. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for example, you'll see the names of the scientists cut into the stone.

memorials

be attentive

• 27 Yet any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics, knows more about physics than did many of those great scholars of the past.

(the) chances are: it is likely ； here “chance” 译作“可能性，很有可能发生的情况”（常用作复数）。

E.g.我们很可能成功．The chances are that we’ll succeed.

人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也是如此。be true of /for (a person or a situation): to apply to, 对…适用，符合于 e.g.

这场歌剧很不错 .音乐不错，演员的表演也很不错It's a wonderful opera. The music is superb. The same is true of the acting.

年轻人爱往前看，老年人往后看，所有国家都如此．The young tend to look ahead while the old like to look back upon the past. This is true of all nations.

28 And as this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankind's spiritual resources.

Question:

• 29. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life [you have not the time to

• live yourself], and it takes you into a world [you have not the time to travel in literal time].

Give an example to illustrate this point of view.

in reality

31. If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly

proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human

nor a useful citizen of a democracy.

too anxious to make money

accept their great ideas as sth useful

30. in essence: basically, by nature e.g.He is in essence an outgoing person.In essence they were asking for the

impossible.

• 31. (1) liberal arts: subjects of study that develop students' general knowledge and ability to think, rather than their technical skills 大学文科

• (2) liberal arts college: （大学里的）文学院 • (3) the specialized schools: departments of

a university that teach particular subject or skill, e.g.

• medical/law school, the school of dentistry

32 "We are here to make available to you, as best we can, that expertise." "Our role/job/task is to do our best to provide such knowledge for you (to become both specialists and civilized humans). "(be) here to do sth.: used to show your role in a situation, e.g.We're all here to help you.

1 Exercises2 Writing Technique

After-Reading

1 as 引导让步状语从句，句子进行了倒装 New as I was to the faculty,….. Much as I like him, I don’t love him.

2 could have told…… could 后接动词的完成时态，表示“本来能够做某事但没有做”。我本来能够通过考试的（但实际上没通过）。I could have passed the examination.

Grammar

• go through: 经历，经过；审阅，检查；做完工作等

• go back on 食言，背弃• go in for 参加从事，追求• go into进入 , 加入 , 探究 , • go for去找 , 努力获取 , 被认为 , 主张 , 拥护

• go after 追求追逐• go over仔细检查，复习• go on

collocation

• 1) David likes country life and has decided to ____ farming. (CET-6, 1997,6)

• A. go in for B. go back on • C. go through with D. go along with

2) Then the speaker ____ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis. (CET-4, 1995, 6)

A. went after B. went into C. went for D. went on• 3) The terrorists might have planted a bomb

on a plane in Athens, set to ____ when it arrived in NY. (CET-6, 1999,6)

• A. go off B. get off • C. come off D. carry off

A

B

A

真题搜索

测 4) There are other problems which I don’t propose to ____ at the moment. (CET-4, 1996,1)

A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up

5) Will you ____ this passage to see if there is any misprint?

A. look up B. go over C. dwell on D. work out

6) The early pioneers had to ____ many hardships to settle on the new land. ( CET-4,200,6)

A. go along with B. go back on C. go through D. go into

A

B

C

Writing Technique

Euphemism 委婉语jump the fencego to the electric chair

Euphemism, or “language pollution”, or “double speak,” as some call it, is often intended to obscure or hide the real situation.