bab 2 pengantar database dan database management sistem
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Introduction to DatabasesBab 2:Pengantar Database dan Database Management System (DBMS)
Ciri-ciri database● Kumpulan terurut● Berisi elemen data yang saling
berhubungan dan terkait● Didesain untuk kebutuhan informasi
tertentu● Dibagi
Ciri-ciri database
Konsep Database● Konsep utama dan istilah:
○ Data repository○ Data dictionary○ Database software○ Data abstraction○ Data access○ Transaction support
Jenis database
Implementasi Model● Dua model utama:
○ Terpusat (Centralized):■ Satu,server database terletak di pusat
○ Terdistribusi (Distributed): ■ Server Banyak dan data tersebar pada
server
Model Database● Mendekripsikan organisasi data● Model database utama:
○ Hierarchical○ Network○ Relational○ Object-oriented○ Hybrid object-relational
Hierarchical Database Model
● Hierarchical data organization● Root data segment: Data segment at top
level ● Parent-child relationship: Relationship
between pair of data structures at adjacent levels
Model DatabaseHierarchical
Model Database Network● Tidak menyusun data kedalam level
hirarki● Hubungan antara Owner/Member:
○ Owner record type○ Member record type
● Tiap owner mungkin memiliki satu atau lebih tipe member
● Tiap tipe member dan corresponding owner mencatat kumpulan bentuk tipe record, yang mana menunjukkan relationship
Network Database Model
Model Database Relational ● Table: Obyek dasar dari database
relasional○ Structure: Baris dan Kolom○ Merepresentasikan satu entitas diuraikan oleh atribut
● Rows: hal unik atau catatan entitas● Columns: Menyimpan data atribut● Primary key: Memberlakukan keunikan
untuk setiap record● Foreign keys: Mendefinisikan hubungan
antar tabel ○ Mungkin kunci primer atau kolom unik lainnya
Relational Database Model
Model Database Object-Oriented
● Berkembang untuk mengatasi beberapa fitur terbatas dari database relasional
● Memungkinkan ketepatan dan penggambaran lebih benar dari objek dunia nyata
● Mendukung data biner dalam jumlah yang besar, seperti file-file multimedia
Model Database Object-Relational
● Object-relational database management systems (ORDBMS):
○ Kombinasi:■ Ability of object technology to handle advanced
relationship types■ Data integrity, reliability, and recovery features of
relational models○ aplikasi sistem database modern yang sangat
populer dan powerful ○ Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server
Object-Relational Database Table
Lingkungan Database● Lingkungan Database
bertanggungjawab terhadap:○ Penyimpanan Data○ Pemanggilan Data○ Manipulasi Data○ Sekumpulan Aktifitas pendukung lainnya
Komponen Database
● Komponen Lingkungan Database:○ Data repository Data dictionary○ DBMS Systems software○ Hardware Network○ Procedures Application interfaces○ Application software Front-end tools○ Practitioners Users
Komponen Database
Hardware Components● Hardware:
○ Individual computers○ Network infrastructure
● Traditional database deployment:○ Mainframe or mini-computer, or ○ Client/server configuration
■ PCs as both database servers and clients
Komponen Hardware
Komponen Hardware● Manufacturer requirements untuk DBMS:
○ Minimum hardware requirements ○ Recommended configuration
● Important PC hardware components:○ Processor○ Main memory dan memory buffers○ Secondary atau nonvolatile storage devices
● Storage considerations:○ Speed and capacity○ Fault-tolerance (e.g. RAID configurations)○ Backups
Software Requirements● Software components:
○ DBMS:■ khusus untuk database management
system○ Operating system software:
■ Layer between applications and hardware■ Memanajemen hardware, processes,
memory, files, I/O devices, network control dan communications, dan fault detection dan recovery
Software Requirements● Software components:
○ Application programs■ Database application software
■ Server applications■ Client applications■ Server and client applications running as
distributed application
Komponen DBMS● Database engine● Data dictionary● Query processor● Forms generator● Report writer● Other utility tools dan interface modules
DBMS Components
Users dan Practitioners● Users:
○ Casual users○ Regular users○ Power users○ Specialized users○ Individual users
● Practitioners: ○ Business analysts○ Data modelers○ Database designers○ Systems analysts○ Programmer analysts○ Database
administrators
Users and Practitioners
Procedures● Proper methods and procedures:
○ Essential to maintaining database and ensuring consistency
● Procedures may be automated or manual, and include:
○ Usage○ Queries and reports○ Routine maintenance○ Structure change management○ Backup and recovery ○ Database tuning
● Types of databases include production, decision-support, and mass deployment databases.
● Databases are implemented using centralized or distributed model.
● Database models are hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, or hybrid object-relational.
● The database environment includes hardware, software, and DBMS components as well as people (users and practitioners) and procedures.
Ringkasan
Kata Kunci● Attribute● Binary large object
(BLOB) data type● Centralized model● Concurrency control● CRUD● Data abstraction● Database engine● Database
management system (DBMS)
● Database practitioner
● Database software● Data catalog● Data dictionary● Data repository● Data type● Decision support
database● Direct memory
access (DMA)● Distributed model● Entity
Kata Kunci● Foreign key● Forms generator● Heterogeneous data
environment● Hierarchical
database model● Main memory● Memory buffer● Metadata● Network database
model● Nonvolatile storage
● Object-oriented database model
● Object-relational database model
● Operating system software
● Physical data pointer● Primary key● Production database● Query● Query optimizer
Kata Kunci● Query processor● RAID● Relational database
model Relational database
● Relationship● Report writer● Schema
● Secondary storage● Structured Query
Language (SQL)● Table● Transaction● Unified Modeling
Language (UML)● View
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