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Syringe driver medications
A study of combinations and compatibilities
Derryn Gargiulo
Dr Jeff HarrisonDr Bruce FoggoEmma GriffithsLauren Doherty, Sana Khan, Kate Kilpatrick, Guangda Ma, Caitlin Renouf, Susan Wilson
Introduction
• Medicine combinations
• Physical and chemical compatibility
• Diluents and site reactions
• One previous NZ study (1995)1
1Lichter I, Hunt E. Drug combinations in syringe drivers. NZ Med J. 1995;108(1001):224-226.
Aims
• Medicines combinations
• Syringe driver demographics
• Medicine compatibility
Available literature
• Site reactions
• Change in practice
Methods
• Study design retrospective, observational, longitudinal 2006/7 and 2013
• Mercy Hospice Auckland in-patients
• Data collection and management• Comparison of data
Result 1: demographics
2006/7 2013
Time (months) 18 4
Number of syringes 1103 675
Non-cancer diagnoses (%) 5 12
Result 2: top five medicines
Medicine 2006/7Frequency of use (%)
Morphine (S or T)
67
Haloperidol 55
Midazolam 39
Metoclopramide 37
Dexamethasone 16
Result 3: most common combination
• Analgesic + anti-emetic +/- sedative
Pain, nausea/vomiting and delirium
• 3 medicines most commonly combined
Morphine + haloperidol + midazolam
Result 3: top five combinations 2006/7
1 2 3 D No. of
patients
(n)
Total syringes
administered
%
MS Haloperidol Midazolam WFI 34 7.5
MT Metoclopramide Midazolam WFI 20 6.8
MT Haloperidol Midazolam WFI 30 4.9
MT Metoclopramide Dexamethason
e
WFI 12 4.6
MT Haloperidol WFI 18 4.4
Result 3: top five combinations 2013
1 2 3 D No. of
patients
(n)
Total syringes
administered
%
MT Haloperidol Midazolam NS 21 7.9
Oxy Haloperidol NS 24 7.6
MT Levomepromazine Midazolam WFI 14 5.8
Oxy Levomepromazine Midazolam NS 19 5.6
MT Midazolam NS 6 4.7
Result 4: medicine incompatibilities
• 2006/7
• No incompatibilities in 2013
1 2 3 Diluent Incompatibility
MT Metoclopramide
Midazolam WFI Crystallisation2,3
MT Cyclizine Hyoscine butylbromide WFI Crystallisation2,3
Result: medicine compatibility 2013
• 21 combinations with no data
• 30 combinations with clinical evidence
• 18 combinations with lab-based
evidence2,3,4
2Palliative Drugs http://www.palliativedrugs.com/index.html. 3Smith, S. Compatibility of syringe driver admixtures for continuous subcutaneous infusion. Auckland: Auckland District Health Board. 2002. 4Dickman A, Schneider J. The syringe driver: continuous subcutaneous infusions in palliative care. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2011.
Result 5: site reactions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006/7 2013
Number of site reactions
Perc
en
tag
e o
f p
ati
en
ts
Result 6: drug in syringes where site reactions occurred
2006/7
Medicine
Site reaction (%)
Dexamethasone 18.3
Methadone 18.3
Cyclizine 15.1
Metoclopramide 13.6
Phenobarbitone 12.5
2013
Medicine
Site reaction (%)
Levomepromazine
12.8
Dexamethasone 12.1
Metoclopramide 10.4
Morphine 10
Oxycodone 8
Result 6: drug in syringes where site reactions occurred
2006/7
Medicine
Site reaction (%)
Dexamethasone 18.3
Methadone 18.3
Cyclizine 15.1
Metoclopramide 13.6
Phenobarbitone 12.5
2013
Medicine
Site reaction (%)
Levomepromazine
12.8
Dexamethasone 12.1
Metoclopramide 10.4
Morphine 10
Oxycodone 8
Key findings
• Increase in non-cancer patients with CSCI
• Medicines used and combinations same
• Top five combinations
• Lack of information about in-vitro testing
of compatibilities of combinations used
Implications and future research
• Collaborative approach in palliative care
• Need for in vitro compatibility studies
• Generation of national compatibility
guidelines
• Site reaction research
Acknowledgements
• Mercy Hospice Auckland
• Dr Bruce Foggo
• Mrs Emma Griffiths
Thank-you
Syringe driver medications
A study of combinations and compatibilities
Derryn Gargiulo
Dr Jeff HarrisonDr Bruce FoggoEmma GriffithsLauren Doherty, Sana Khan, Kate Kilpatrick, Guangda Ma, Caitlin Renouf, Susan Wilson
Pharmacy/Hospice PC research
• Nation-wide network– Gather data– Large amount of data– Compare regions and NZ internationally
• SoP at Auckland University– Ethics, funding applications – Data analysis, statistical help– Publication, dissemination
• Year 4 research project
Possible research topics
• Drug mixes with ranitidine, octreotide, lignocaine, phenobarbitone and furosemide
• An exploration of patient’s and families feelings regarding medicines management in palliative care and what would help them manage their medicines
• Alternative/complimentary therapies. What is used? Does it work? Does it interact?
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