atd seating in highly reclined seats · • identify landmarks on the atd that should be recorded...

ATD Seating in Highly Reclined Seats

SAE Government Industry MeetingApril 04, 2019

Outline

• Background – What and Why

• Overall Approach – How

• One Example – THOR 50th Percentile Male seating

• Observations

• Seating Data for All ATDs

Background• Many ongoing studies of PMHS, ATDs, human models in reclined seats• How do current ATDs sit in reclined seats?• Examine the range of positions that the ATD could assume in a current

production seat• 2012 Honda Odyssey driver seat used

• Seat back reclined the most amongst the seats immediately available for this study

• Eight ATDs used in this study:

3*Large OmniDirectional Child

H-III 50th M, H-III 5th F THOR 50th M, THOR 5th F WSID 50th M, WSID 5th F

BioRID 50th M LODC* 10 YO

Overall Approach• Identify landmarks on the ATD that should be recorded using CMM

• Include IR-TRACC locations, some rib locations, tilt sensor values

• Collect vehicle interior trim locations (B-Pillar, lower window opening, upper and lower edge of armrest, seat cushion) to record where the ATD head, ribs, and pelvis are relative to the interior

• At each seat back angle:• All seatback angles measured at head restraint post• Record the locations (CMM), document with photos• (0,0,0) at front door striker, X- forward, Y-to the right, Z-down• Record the shortest distances between the back of the head to the head

restraint/seat back, and the shoulder landmark to the seat back, head angle, pelvic angle, tilt sensor values (when available) for each test

Overall Approach (Contd.)• Start with the ATD seated as in commonly used test procedures

(FMVSS, NCAP), if available

• Optionally, move the seat to the rearmost seat track location for the ease of seating the ATD

• Data collected can be translated forward to the baseline seat track location

• Recline the seat back in 5º increments, push down on the knees and push back on the upper body (perpendicular to the seat back); wait 5 minutes; measure

Overall Approach (Contd.)• When the seat back is fully reclined, move the H-point forward

by 25 mm. • Assumption: Humans will scoot forward on the seat when reclined

• Rotate the seat pan and seat back to the maximum reclined angle

• Assumption: Humans will tilt back the seat pan when reclined

• Adjust ATD to maximum reclination (usually at the neck bracket and spine)

• Assumption: Users of the ATD will set the ATD to the most “erect” configuration to get closer to the seat back

THOR 50th Percentile Male

THOR 50th - Target Locations List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (all targets)E Abdomen (both IR-TRACC)F KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Striker (0,0,0)

Head, T1, T6, T12, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors

Baseline and Most Reclined Overall Views

Above w Neck adjusted 2 notches

Hip forward, seat tilted up

Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Seatback at 11.4º (OSCAR) Slouch

THOR 50th - Baseline Seating - Seat mid-track, seat pan lowest height, mid angle, seat back at 11.4°

- Pelvic angle = 32.5 °, Slouch Torso Position

THOR 50th – Most Reclined- seat back 75 °, pelvis 25 mm forward, full rear with cushion tilted up, neck adjusted 2 notches

1000-1000-800-600-400-200020040060080010001200

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating THOR 50th Male11.4° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Mid Angle Slouch Position

11.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Slouch Position

11.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Position

16.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion

46.4° Seatback Angle /Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion

69.7° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion / 25 mmForward75° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Tilted Up / Erect Torso Postion / 25 mmForward75° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Tilted up / Erect Torso Postion / 25 mmForward / Neck Adjusted 2 Notches 12

1000-1000-800-600-400-200020040060080010001200

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating THOR 50th Male11.4° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Mid Angle / Slouch Position

Back of Head

Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head

Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder

75° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Full up / Erect Torso Postion/ 25 mm Forward / Neck Adjusted 2 Notches

Back of Head

Closest Point on Seatback to Back of Head

B-PILLAR REF

Door Ref

11.4 11.4 11.4 16.4 21.4 26.4 31.4 36.4 41.4 46.4 51.4 56.4 61.4 66.4 69.7 69.7 75.0 75.0

Seatback Angle (Degrees)

THOR 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback

11.4 11.4 11.4 16.4 21.4 26.4 31.4 36.4 41.4 46.4 51.4 56.4 61.4 66.4 69.7 69.7 75.0 75.0

THOR 50th Male - AnglesPelvis Head T1 T6 T12

Observations

Observations• The shape/size of lumbar support has a noticeable effect on

head/shoulder clearances for Hybrid III and BioRID dummies• The THOR, LODC and WSID spines flex to allow more reclined postures

17H-III 50th Seat at 69.3º THOR 50th Seat at 69.7º

LODC Seat at 73.3ºBioRID Seat at 69.6º

Observations (Cont.)• A large gap develops between pelvic flesh and thorax assembly.• Pelvic angle increases (THOR 50M: 33º -> 53º; H-III: 21º -> 47º)• Frontal impacts would likely result in submarining. Abdominal inserts may

need to be re-designed for reclined seating use.

18THOR 50th Male H-III 5th Female

Observations (Cont.)• Large gaps develop between the head and head restraints or shoulder

and seat back for certain dummies (with stiffer spine. e.g. H-III)

19THOR 50th Seat at 46.4º

H-III 50th Seat at 47.7º H-III 5th Seat at 45.3º

BioRID Seat at 47.6º

THOR 5th Seat at 44.4º

Observations (Cont.)• The neck, spine-pelvis attachment flexible rubber

element is deformed. May have questionable performance (creep) and shortened life

THOR 5th

THOR 50th

lower thorax – pelvic angle: 6º to 25º

T12 – pelvic angle: -2º to 30º

1000-1000-800-600-400-200020040060080010001200

X-Axis (mm)WSID 50th

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm) WSID 5th

Observations (Cont.)• Side impact ATDs: Changes locations of the head, shoulder and ribs

relative to curtains, daylight opening, B-pillar, armrest, door structures

THOR 5th Seat at 44.4º

Observations (Contd.)• Just because one can force an ATD into a certain seating position

does not mean that it will give meaningful results (biofidelity not established)

• Can be useful in comparing ATD responses to PMHS and Human Body Models to establish (or not!) biofidelity under those conditions

• Help with redesign of ATDs, vehicle interior, seats, primary and supplemental restraints

• Useful for addressing ATD use in front, side, rear impacts• Repeat with specific seat being considered

www.NHTSA.govhttps://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/VSR/bio/QueryTest.aspx

BioDB Test # 11903 - 12029

THOR 5th Female

THOR 5th Female - Target Locations

List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (all 4 targets)E AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Bridge of noseJ Back of head

Head, Upper, Mid, Lower Thorax, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors

Hip forward and cushion tilted up

Cushion tilted up

Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 11.4º (Head level)

THOR 5th Female - Baseline Seating - Seat Full Forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 19.4°

Pelvic angle = X: -0.1°, Y: 28.1°

THOR 5th Female - Most Reclined- H-Point Forward 25 mm Seat Pan Adjusted/Back Down/Front Up at 75.3°- Pelvic angle = X: -2.3°, Y: 59°

1000-1000-800-600-400-2000200400600800

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating THOR 5th Female19.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle

24.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost/ Mid Height / Mid Angle

29.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle

69.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost /Mid Height / Mid Angle

75.3° Seatback Angle / Rearmost/ Mid Height Seat Pan Tilted Up

75.3° Seatback Angle/H-Point Forward 25 mm/Seat Pan Tilted Up

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating THOR 5th Female19.4° HR Angle Rearmost/Mid Height/Mid Angle

Back of Head

75.3° HR Angle/H-Point Forward 25 mm Seat Pan Adjusted/BackDown/Front Up

Back of Head

B-PILLAR REF

Door Ref

19.4 24.4 29.4 34.4 39.4 44.4 49.4 54.4 59.4 64.4 69.4 71.8 75.3

THOR - 5th FemaleBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback

19.4 24.4 29.4 34.4 39.4 44.4 49.4 54.4 59.4 64.4 69.4 71.8 75.3 75.3

THOR - 5th FemaleHead Pelvis Up Thrx Mid Thrx Low Thrx

H-III 50th Percentile Male

List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC AbdomenD H-pointE KneeF AnkleG Heel point

H-III 50th Male - Target Locations

Head, Pelvic angles

208 and Most Reclined Overall Views

Hip forward

Seat Mid Track, Mid-Angle; Lowest-Height; Seatback at 12.5º (OSCAR)

H-III 50th Male - 208 seating - Seat mid track, seat pan lowest height, mid angle, seat back at 12.5°- Pelvic angle = 23.9 °, Head level (neck 3 notches rear of 0)- D-ring at full up

H-III 50th Male – Most Reclined - seat back 75 deg - pelvis 25 mm forward - cushion tilted up

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

12.5° Seatback Angle (208 Seating)

17.6° Seatback Angle

69.3° Seatback Angle 25 mm FWD of Hpoint

75.1° Seatback Angle 26 mm FWD of Hpoint Cushion tilted up

Reclined Seating H-III 50th MaleHead, Shoulder, H-point, Knee, Ankle, Heel Locations

Seat at Mid Track

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating H-III 50th Male12.5 Seatback Angle Seat at Mid Track

Back of Head

75.1 Seatback Angle Hpt X Fwd 26 mm Cushion tilted up

Back of Head

B-PILLAR REF

Door Ref

12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.7 42.7 47.7 52.6 57.5 62.7 67.7 69.3 69.3 75.1

H-III 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback

12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.7 42.7 47.7 52.6 57.5 62.7 67.7 69.3 69.3 75.1

HIII - 50th Male - AnglesPelvic Angle Head Angle

H-III 5th Percentile Female

List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD ChestE AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel point

H-III 5th Female - Target Locations

Head, Pelvic angles

208 and Most Reclined Overall Views

Above w Head adjusted 4 notches rearward

Hip forward, seat tilted

Seat Full Forward, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 15.3º (Head level)

H-III 5th Female - 208 Seating - Seat full forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 15.3° to get head level

- Pelvic angle = 20.6 °, D-ring at full down

H-III 5th Female – Most Reclined - seat back 75 deg

- pelvis 25 mm forward - cushion tilted up

- head tilted back 4 notches

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

15.3° Seatback Angle (208 Seating)

71.2° Seatback Angle 25 mm FWD of Hpoint

75° Seatback Angle 25 mm FWD of Hpoint Cushion Tilted Up

75° Seatback Angle Neck Tilted Back 4 Notches 25 mm FWD of HpointCushion Tilted Up

Reclined Seating H-III 5th FemaleHead, Shoulder, H-point, knee, Ankle, Heel Locations

Seat at Full Fwd

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating H-III 5th Female208 15.3° Seatback Angle Seat at Full Fwd

208_BACK_OF_HEAD

75° Seatback Angle with Seat 25 mm FWD CushionTitlted Up Neck Adjusted

Back of Head

B-PILLAR REF

Door Ref

15.3 20.3 25.3 30.3 35.3 40.3 45.3 50.3 55.3 60.3 65.3 71.2 71.2 75 75

HIII - 5th Female - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback

15.3 20.3 25.3 30.3 35.3 40.3 45.3 50.3 55.3 60.3 65.3 71.2 71.2 75 75

HIII - 5th Female - AnglesHead Pelvic

World SID 5th Percentile Female

WSID 5th - Target Locations List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (all ribs top center)E AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Elbow

Head, Thorax, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors

Above and neck adjusted

Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 4.8º (- 6º Rib Angle)

WSID 5th - Baseline Seating - Seat full forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 11.4° (-6 deg rib angle)

- Pelvic angle = 20.7 °

WSID 5th – Most Reclined- Seat back 75 °, Pelvis 25 mm forward, Full rear with cushion tilted up, Neck adjusted to max

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating World SID 5th Female4.8° Seatback Angle / Full Forward / Mid Angle / WSID 5th Draft SeatingProcedure4.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle

9.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle

69.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / 25 mm Forward

73° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Full Up / 25 mm Forward

73° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Full Up / 25 mm Forward / Neck Adjustedto Max 56

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating World SID 5th Female4.8° Seatback Angle/Full Rear / Mid Angle

Back of Head

73° Seatback Angle/Full Rear / Full Up/25 mm Forward/NeckAdjusted to Max

Back of Head

B-PILLAR REF

DOOR REF

4.8 4.8 9.8 14.8 19.8 24.8 29.8 34.8 39.8 44.8 49.8 54.8 59.8 64.8 69.8 69.8 73.0 73.0

WSID - 5th Female - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback

4.8 4.8 9.8 14.8 19.8 24.8 29.8 34.8 39.8 44.8 49.8 54.8 59.8 64.8 69.8 69.8 73.0 73.0

WSID - 5th Female - AnglesHead Pelvis Torso

World SID 50th Percentile Male

WSID 50th - Target Locations List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (top bolt on each rib)E AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Elbow

Head, Thorax, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors

Above and neck adjusted62

Seat Mid-Track, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 12.5º (OSCAR)

WSID 50th - Baseline Seating - Seat mid track, seat pan lowest height, mid angle, seat back at 12.5°- Pelvic angle = X: -0.7°, Y: 0.4°

WSID 50th - Most Reclined- 75.3° Seatback Angle - Seat @ Full Rear - Tilted Up - H-Point 25mm Forward - Neck Adjusted to Max

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating WSID 50th12.5° Seatback Angle / Original Seating / Seat @ Mid Track

12.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear

52.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear65

1000-1000-800-600-400-200020040060080010001200

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating WSID 50th12.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Mid Track

Back of Head

75.3° Seatback Angle/Seat @ Full Rear/Tilted Up/H-Point 25mmForward/Neck Adjusted to Max

Back of Head

B-Pillar

12.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 71 71 75.3 75.3

WSID - 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback

12.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 71 71 75.3 75.3

WSID - 50th Male - AnglesHead Pelvis Thorax

BIORID 50th Percentile Male

BIORID 50th - Target Locations

List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest Point 1E Chest Point 2F KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Bridge of noseJ Back of head

Head, T1, T12, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors

Hip forward

Hip forward and cushion tilted upSeat Mid-Track, Mid-Angle; Lowest-Height; Seatback at 12.5º (OSCAR)

BIORID 50th - Baseline Seating - Seat mid track, seat pan lowest height, low angle, seat back at 12.5°

Pelvic angle = X: -0.1°, Y: 29.5°

BIORID 50th - Most Reclined- Seat mid track, cushion low height, high angle, seat back at 75°- Pelvic angle = X: 1.4°, Y: 58.2°

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating BIORID 50thHead, Shoulder, H-point, knee, Ankle, Heel Locations

12.5° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle

69.3° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height and Angle / Hip 25mm Forward75° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Steepest Angle / Hip 25mm Forward

1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating BIORID 50th

Back of Head

75° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Steepest Angle/ Hip 25 mm ForwardBack of Head

Closest Point on Seatback to Head

B-PILLAR REF

Door Ref

12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.6 42.6 47.6 52.6 57.6 62.6 67.6 69.3 69.3 75

BIORID - 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback

12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.6 42.6 47.6 52.6 57.6 62.6 67.6 69.3 69.3 75

BIORID - 50th Male - AnglesHead Pelvis T1 T12

LODC 10YO

LODC 10YO- Target Locations

List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD ChestE AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointH

Head, Torso angles from CMMPelvic angles from inclinometer

Above w neck and thorax adjusted80

Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 15.1º (OSCAR)

LODC 10YO - Baseline Seating - Seat full forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 15.1°, Pelvic angle = 33.9 °, D-ring at full down

LODC 10YO – Most Reclined- seat back 73.3 ° - pelvis 25 mm forward - cushion tilted up - neck and pelvis set to max angles

1000-1000-800-600-400-2000200400600800

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating LODC 10YO 15.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle

70.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / H-Point Forward 25mm73.3° Seatback Angle / Cushion Tilted up / H-Point Forward 25 mm

73.3° Seatback Angle / Cushion Tilted up / H-Point Forward 25 mm /Neck and Pelvis / Adjusted to Max Angles

1000-1000-800-600-400-2000200400600800

X-Axis (mm)

Reclined Seating LODC 10YO 15.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle

Closest Point on Head Rest to Head CG

Closest Point on Seat Back to Shoulder

73.3° Seatback Angle / Cushion Tilted up / H-Point Forward 25 mm/ Neck and Pelvis Adjusted to Max Angles

Closest Point on Head Rest to Head CG

Closest point on Seat Back to Head CG

Closest Point on Seat Back to Shoulder

B-PILLAR REF

Door Ref

0255075

100125150175200225250275300325350375400425450475500

15.1 20.1 25.1 30.1 35.1 40.1 45.1 50.1 55.1 60.1 65.1 70.1 70.1 73.3 73.3

Reclined Seating LODC 10YO - ClearancesClosest Point on Head Rest to Head CG Closest Point on Seat Back to Shoulder Closet point on Seat Back to Head CG

15.1 20.1 25.1 30.1 35.1 40.1 45.1 50.1 55.1 60.1 65.1 70.1 70.1 73.3 73.3

Reclined Seating LODC 10YO - AnglesHead Angle H-Point Angle Torso Angle

www.NHTSA.gov

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