asean community building: the countdown to 2015 asean-adb engagement
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ASEAN Community Building:
The Countdown to 2015
ASEAN-ADB Engagement
Peter BrimbleDeputy Country Director/Senior Country EconomistADB Cambodia Resident Mission
The 8th Asia Economic Forum
17 March 2012
Presentation Outline
• Context and content of existing ASEAN-ADB engagement, and recent developments
• Building a more focused ADB approach to assist ASEAN realize AEC by 2015:
• Subregional programs of GMS, BIMP-EAGA, IMT-GT as building blocs and test beds
• Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity• ASEAN Infrastructure Fund• Planned Regional technical assistance on
Trade Facilitation Support for AEC Blueprint
Context of ADB-ASEAN Engagement
• ADB’s own charter 1996• ADB RCI Strategy (2006):
• Pillar 1: Regional and subregional cooperation on cross-border infrastructure and related software; RDs)
• Pillar 2: Trade and investment (RDs and OREI)• Pillar 3: Monetary and financial integration (RDs and OREI)• Pillar 4: Regional public goods (RSDD)
• ASEAN Charter and “New” SERD (2007), including all ASEAN member countries
• ADB Strategy 2020 (2008):• RCI is one of the three complementary strategic agendas,
and one of the five core areas of specialization• Institutional and operational goal of RCI activities
accounting for at least 30% of all activities by 2020• ADB-ASEAN Secretariat MoU, 2006-2010;
2011-2015 MoU to be signed this April 4
Content ADB-ASEAN Engagement
since1997-1998
ASEAN & ASEAN+3 has been requesting ADB to support their initiatives on regional monetary and financial cooperation
OREI&
SEFM
2006-2010ADB-ASEAN Secretariat MOU (policy dialogue, research, capacity building & institutional strengthening; support for subregional programs; narrowing development gap; support for regional public goods; knowledge sharing & dissemination)
OREI&
SERD
since late2000 TAs on health and food security RSDD
2011-2015
Proposed New ADB-ASEAN Secretariat MOU for 2011-2015: Focal areas – connectivity (physical & soft), environmental sustainability, financial & capital market integration; EAS process; macroeconomic surveillance; trade & investment; agricultural development through trade facilitation; Crosscutting Theme – narrowing the development gap
SERDOREIRSDD
TAs on ASEAN Community; Subregions as building blocks
started 2010
OREI&
SERD
New Strategic Focus for ASEAN-ADB
• ASEAN: Against backdrop of the global economic crisis and member country vulnerabilities, need for macro rebalancing externally and narrowing development gaps internally
• New strategic focus on:• Prioritizing connectivity infrastructure projects and related
software• Extending financial & capital market integration; • Environmental sustainability through climate change mitigation
and adaptation/disaster risk management issues; and• Results-based approach
• Continuing Cooperation on: Economic ASEAN Secretariat process, macroeconomic surveillance, trade and investment, and planned Trade Facilitation Support to AEC Blueprint Implementation
• Recent ADB assistance to ASEAN-led Initiatives: Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity, and ASEAN Infrastructure Fund (AIF);
Speeding-Up AEC Opportunities Establishing new strategic compact between
national, sub-regional and regional connectivity Extending and enhancing physical connectivity to
transform transport corridors into economic corridors, and linking to rural areas
Complementing with targeted software from sub-region groupings (e.g. transport and trade facilitation, SPS, and logistics; power purchase agreements), consistent with ASEAN agreements and protocols
Improving sub-national, national and cross-country policy coordination, and strengthening institutions
Engaging all key stakeholders; especially private sector
Borders divide, sub-regions connect, and regions bridge sub-regional and global agendas
6
Subregional Programs and ASEAN
ASEANGMS
IMT-GT
BIMP-EAGA
Building blocks to ASEAN
Test beds for ASEAN
Linkage withInitiative for
ASEAN integration(IAI) - CLMV
TA: Promoting Links and Improving Coordination Among GMS, BIMP-EAGA, IMT and ASEAN
Improving the strategic and institutional linkages between the subregional groupings and ASEAN
ADB’s Multi-faceted Role in the GMS
• ADB worked with the 6 countries of the GMS in launching a program of subregional economic cooperation (GMS Program) in 1992 to enhance their economic relations
• Since then, ADB has been the program secretariat and coordinator
• Serves as a financial (loans and technical assistance), technical (capacity development), and increasingly a knowledge supporter
• An honest broker of subregional dialogue at both political and operational levels, and among stakeholders
• As a catalyst by bringing together different participants in the program and helping them reach a consensus
• New GMS Strategic Framework, 2012-2022 focused on so-called second-generation projects and software
9
Thailand
Land area: 51,312,000 ha
Population: 65.5 m.
GDP per capita: US$3,893
Cambodia
Land area: 18,104,000 ha
Population: 15.5 m.
GDP per capita: US$667
Myanmar
Land area: 67,658,000 ha
Population: 50.5 m.
GDP per capita: est. at US$340
People’s Republic of China
Land area: 63,100,000 ha
Population: 93.6 m.
GDP per capita: US$1,988(figures for Yunnan and Guangxi only)
Viet Nam
Land area: 32,931,000 ha
Population: 92.0 m.
GDP per capita: US$1,032
Lao PDR
Land area: 23,680,000 ha
Population: 6.3 m.
GDP per capita: US$940The GMS in 2011
Land area: 256,758,000 ha
Population: 323.4 M
GDP per capita: US$1,477*• With estimates for Myanmar
• Data for 2009 from World Bank
The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)
in 2011
10
Enhancing Connectivity, Competitiveness And Community
GMS Strategic Framework: 2002-2012
Strategic Thrusts
Goals Vision
Strengthen infrastructure
linkages
Facilitate cross-border trade, investment &
tourismEnhance private
sector participation & competitiveness
Develop human resources & skills
competencies
Protect environment & promote
sustainable use of shared natural
resources
More Integrated
ProsperousHarmonious Subregion
Action Plan
• Accelerated and sustained economic growth
• Reduced poverty & income disparities
• Improved quality of life
• Sustainable management of environment & natural resources
• Transport• Telecommunications
• Energy• Environment• Tourism • Trade• Investment• Human Resource Development
• Agriculture
11
1992
GMS Results
Connectivity
Roads
TelecommunicationsPower Transmission Line
12
2008
GMS Results
Connectivity
Roads
TelecommunicationsPower Transmission Line
13
2015
GMS Results
Connectivity
Roads
TelecommunicationsPower Transmission Line
14
The GMS Southern Economic Corridor
Inter-Corridor Link
Central Sub-
Corridor
Southern Coastal
Sub- Corridor
Northern Sub-
Corridor
• Economically diversified
• Endowed with abundant natural and human resources
• Has the necessary drivers of economic growth
• Linking three key nodes – Bangkok, Phnom Penh, and Ho Chi Minh City
Much progress in infrastructure; less on software!
Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity
• ADB participated in the High-Level Task Force meetings and helped in the review process
• ADB drafted a chapter on mobilizing resources for enhancing connectivity in ASEAN
• ADB is featured in MPAC in two specific areas: (i) support to subregional cooperation in Southeast Asia; and (ii) as a key partner in mobilizing resources
• MPAC includes proposed flagship projects, two of which are ADB energy projects in Indonesia/Malaysia
ASEAN Infrastructure Fund (AIF) • New instrument to help resolve paradox of
ASEAN; namely massive infrastructure deficits, yet very large amounts of private savings and foreign exchange reserves
• Preparation of AIF coordinated by an ASEAN-led High-Level Task Force (Chaired by Malaysia), with assistance on technical financial design, operational structure, and governance framework from ADB
• ADB requested to manage the fund[http://www.aseansec.org/26643.htm]
Planned Regional TA on Trade Facilitation Support for AEC Blueprint
• Preparation in 2012 of the above technical assistance project
• Meet the AEC vision through enhancing transport and trade facilitation, through leveraging activities in the three sub-groupings
• Key proposed activities:• Generating baseline data and analytical
reports• Capacity development for national single
window systems, coordinated border management, strengthening risk management
• Assessing hardware and software systems
Concluding Thoughts• Perceptions of ASEAN:
• Check out the website of the ASEAN Mekong Basin Development Cooperation (AMBDC)
• Need for ASEAN to:• Support CLMV countries to leapfrog the
development gap (in fact perhaps CLM – as V is rumored to be planning to join VIP)
• Support members that are lagging in implementing AEC
• Ongoing balancing of national interests and regional interests, and also subregional interests
Thank You!
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