arsenal of democracy “we must be the great arsenal of democracy” - fdr
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ARSENAL OF
DEMOCRACY
“We must be the great arsenal of democracy” -FDR
Objective…Describe how President Roosevelt’s initiatives mobilized the U.S. for war.
17) The War Powers Act…• FDR…
–Reorganizes federal gov.–Creates new agencies–Censors information –Abridges civil liberties–Seizes foreign property–Awards government contracts
The Arsenal of Democracy1942: • U.S. production = Italy, Germany & Japan 1944: • 2 X greater
Financing the War:• U.S. cost: $341 billion• More than all U.S. budgets from 1789-1941• 15 X cost of WW I
Federal spending:In1939: 10 billion… In 1945: 95 billion
How do we raise the money?...
Bugs Bunny War Bond Cartoonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KI8jKZ9HH3U&NR=1
• Price Control Act of 1942 or“cost plus system”
...the cost of producing the product plus modest profit
Mobilizing: U.S Dept. of Defense
The Pentagon (1942)
HQ: U.S. Dept. of DefenseWorld’s largest office building
17.5 miles of corridors26, 000 employees
Most efficient office building… 7 min between two points
18) Explain how the federal wartime agencies focused the war effort…
Mobilizing:
- Supply Priorities Allocation Board- Office of Price Administration (OPA)…- National War Labor Board- Office of War Information- Office of Strategic Services
Mobilizing:• Supply Priorities & Allocation Board…
– Allocates & controls the resources needed for war
– Limits consumer products
Mobilizing:• Office of Price Administration (OPA)…
- Prevent inflation & ration consumer goods.
- Rationing: Tires, autos, sugar, gas, fuel oil, coffee, meats & other foods
OPA Rationing Book
Ride Sharing
The Gasoline Black Market• 1942 – Auto 4 gals.
War workers extra “Vital occupation” extra
• 1945 – 30% counterfeit stickers 32,500 arrested
4, 000 gas stations closed
Mobilizing:• National War Labor Board…
– Worked for cooperation between labor & management
– Limited wages & strikes– Supported: 8 hr day, unionism, gender
equity pay for & employee grievance procedures
Mobilizing:Domestic Propaganda
• Office of War Information…
Words, posters & films waged a constant battle for the hearts and minds of Americans
Get a war job; Work hard; Recycle; Sacrifice; Buy Bonds;
Remain Silent
The Propaganda Messages.
Daffy Duck propaganda filmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ngETXxI5pg
Remain Silent
Sacrifice
Increase Production
Tolerance
Recruiting women workers…
Espionage Warnings
Mobilizing:• Office of Strategic Services (OSS)…
- Collects & analyzes information about countries at war with the U.S.
- Organized sabotage & espionage in other countries
19) The size of the federal government during the war…
- The size of government compared with the New Deal Era...
20) The effect of the war on the national budget & defense
spending….
21) What was the fate of the New Deal?...
Why?
Objectives…• Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy”
affected the economy.
• Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy”
affected the economy, female workers, minority workers and organized labor.
23) What advantages gave the United States the potential to out produce
the enemy?...
24) The War Production Board… How effective was it?...
The War Production Board… “Responsibility for the economy”
• Created 17M jobs• Factories operate 24 / 7• 50% of GNP = war goods• GNP: 1939: $88.6B
1944: $198.7B
23) What advantages gave the US the potential to out produce the enemy?...
Arsenal of DemocracyMilitary Production Totals for 1940-1945
• 250,000 planes• 80,000 landing craft• 650,000 artillery pieces• 15M rifles
• 100,000 armored cars• 75,000 tanks• 3m. tons bombs• 41M rounds ammo
Ship building:1941: 355 days………..1945: 14 days
Willow Run Bomber Plant 1 mile assembly line - 42,000 employees
Hiding the Lockheed Plant…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgFJKtznKMo
A. Supply Priorities & Allocation Board D. OSSB. Office of War Information E. The War Production Board C. Price Control Act of 1942 F. National War Labor Board
1. Organized sabotage & espionage in other countries
2. Allocates & controls the resources needed for war
3. Responsibility for the war economy
4. Collects & analyzes information about countries at war with the U.S.
5. Worked for cooperation between labor & management -Limited wages & strikes
6. Waged a constant battle for the hearts and minds of Americans
25) Describe how economic conversion affected the US
economy…• The Great Depression is over• 1942- 45 the GNP doubles• Unemployment becomes under employment:
1941: 9.9% 1945: 1.2%... 17millon new jobs
• Man power shortages in industry
26) Describe how defense production affected the various
geographic regions of the country…
• CA 40B in defense funds - 10% of total • S to N or W…. Detroit & CA• Southern textiles boom• Sharecroppers to factories• Rural pop. Down 20% • U.S. Middle class doubles
29) Groups experiencing new employment opportunities…
Objectives…
• Describe how FDR’s call to make America the “arsenal of democracy” affected female
workers.
30) Employment opportunities for females…
- Changing & challenging stereotypes…
31) The dual message being communicated to women by the government…
Female Workers• Female labor + 50% • White women 35+ & married become
the majority employed• AA women: From domestic work to
manufacturing jobs• National War Labor Board promotes:
= work = pay… Reality is that women are paid less
32) Rosie the Riveter
Objective…Describe how FDR’s call to make
America the “arsenal of democracy” affected minority workers.
Minority Workers….• Mexicans: Western – Agriculture &ship building• African Americans: + 33% Mostly industrial work• Native Americans
Objective… Describe how FDR’s call to make
America the “arsenal of democracy” affected organized labor.
33) What economic factors compromised the prosperity of workers?...
34) How did entry into WW II affect the policy of the larger labor unions?
37) How did the size, gender & racial make-up of labor unions change during the war years?
35) How did unionism benefit from the policies of the NWLB?...
36) What was a “hate strike”... How effective?...
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