arches of foot
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ARCHES OF FOOT
By Dr. Harsha
surath
FUNCTIONS OF FOOT Support body weight As shock absorbers As spring boards for propelling during
walking, running, and jumping. It can adapt itself to uneven surfaces. Long flexors and small muscles of the
foot assist in propulsive action
The weight of the body transferred to talus from tibia
Then it is transmitted to calcaneus
Anteriorly the ball of foot
Between these weight bearing points are the elastic arches of the foot
Slightly flattened by body weight during standing
Recoil back to normal-weight removed
Arches of Foot Longitudinal arch of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch Higher and important than
lateral Composed of – Calcaneous - Talus - Navicular - 3 cuneiform - 3 metatarsals Talar head is key stone of this
arch
Tibialis anterior attached to – 1st metatarsal,medial cuneiform – strength for this arch.
Fibularis longus tendon – pass laterally to this arch providing
support
Lateral longitudinal Arch Flatter than medial longitudinal arch. Rests on the ground during standing. It is made up of – calcaneous, cuboid, 2
lateral metatarsals.
Transverse arch Runs from side to side It is formed by – cuboid, cuneiforms,
bases of metatarssals Medial and lateral parts of longitudinal
arch act as pillars Tendons of fibularis longus and tibialis posterior
Integrity of bony arches Maintained by passive factors and dynamic supports
Passive factors Shape of the united bones Four successive layers of fibrous tissue –
bowstring the longitudinal arch Plantar aponeurosis Long plantar ligament Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar)
ligament Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
Dynamic supports Active bracing action of intrinsic muscles
of foot Active and tonic contraction of muscles
with long tendons extending in to foot Flexor hallusis and digitorum longus –
longitudinal arch Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior –
transverse arch
Plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis bear greatest stress and important in maintaining arches
MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORTSHAPE OF BONES
Bones are wedge-shaped with the thin edge lying inferiorly
This applies particularly to the bone occupying
the center of the arch
“keystone”
MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORTINFERIOR EDGES OF BONES ARE
TIED TOGETHER
MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORTTYING THE ENDS OF THE ARCH
TOGETHER
MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORTSUSPENDING THE ARCH FROM ABOVE
Medial longtitudinal arch: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, medial ligament of ankle joint
Lateral longtitudinal arch: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
Transverse arch: peroneus longus
MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORTSUSPENDING THE ARCH FROM ABOVE
REFERENCES - clinical oriented Anatomy 6th
edition, by Keith L Moore
- Greys Anatomy
thank you …
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