arabic tools and tajweed rules
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ARABIC TOOLS IN TAJWEED RULES
Tarek Ali & Amany Elsayed
Compiled by
Version 1 May 2015
Table of Content
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 Arabic Exit letters…………………………………………………………………………………………10 Al Jawf…………………………………………………………………………………………………………17 Al Halk…………………………………………………………………………………………………………19 Al Lesan (Tounge)………………………………………………………………………………………..25 Al Shafateen (Lips)……………………………………………………………………………………….48 Nasal Cavity…………………………………………………………………………………………………53 Basic Tajweed Rules…………………………………………………………………………………….57 The Quality of letters…………………………………………………………………………………..58 Al Qalqala.…………………………………………………………………………………………………..65 The rules of Meem Sakinah…………………………………………………………………………67 The rules of Lam sakinah…………………………………………………………………………….73 Lam in the Exalted name of Allah………………………………………………………………..77 Rules of Noon and Meem Mushaddah………………………………………………………..79 Hamzatul wasl……………………………………………………………………………………………..80 Hamzatul Kataa……………………………………………………………………………………………85 Rules of Raa………………………………………………………………………………………………..86 The rules of Noon Sakinah and Tanween…………………………………………………….98 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………113
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2
3
4
Mistake in language and grammer
Mistake in IdGham, Izhar and so
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6
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Vowels (Long and Short)
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The Photos for the Arabic letter exits are taken from Dr. Ayman Suwaid publications (Tajweed Muswar) and translated to English after asking him for permission. It is for free and it is not allowed to publish it or sell it without consulting him.
ARABIC LETTERS-EXITS
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Speaking parts The upper Jaw
Gum
Front of upper Jaw (Alveolar ridge)
Hard Plate)
Soft plate
Uvula
Vocal cords
Teeth
Nasal cavity
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Speaking parts Tongue
Tongue root
Distal part
Middle part
Proximal part
Tip
Inner edge
Middle edge
outer edge
Edge
12
Central incisor (4)
Lateral incisor (4)
Canine (4)
Premolar (4)
Molars (12)
Wisdom (4)
Teeth
13
Definition The Letter
The letter is a sound come out of an exit. The exit might be known or estimated.
Known Exit Estimated Exit
There are two ways to know the exit of any letter: 1- Add Hamzatu Wasl to the letter with Sukoon and the exit is where the sound ends like 2- add hamzatu Wasl and put Shada on the letter like
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There are 5 Main Exits and 17 sub exits.
1- Cavity in the Oral and throat. (Jawf)
2- Throat. (Halk)
3- Tongue. (Lisan)
4- Lips (shafatan)
5- Nasal cavity (Khayshoum)
ARABIC LETTERS-EXITS
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16
Al Jawf
Oral Cavity and Throat cavity
Estimated Exit (Mukadar)
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• The exit of the three long vowels letters
1-Al Jawf
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2-Al Halk
Proximal-Tonge root)
Middle part –Epiglottis
Distal Vocal cords
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Two letters Hamz and Ha
Al Halk A-Distal part
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Two letters
Al Halk B-Middle part
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Two letters
Al Halk C-Inner part
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EXERCISE
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EXERCISE
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3-Tongue (Lisan) There are 5 sub-exits
1- Back of the tongue (distal).
2- Middle of the tongue and middle of the upper jaw.
3- Edge of the tongue.
4- Tip of the tongue.
5- Nasal Cavity
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Tongue
1- Back of the tongue.
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Tongue
1- Middle of the tongue and middle of the upper jaw.
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The middle of the tongue hit The front of the upper jaw.
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long Not long
Exercise 3: Connect the word with the correct Ya
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Extended Non Extended
Tongue
3- Edge of the tongue.
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Tip of the tongue with the upper teeth
Touch area without press
Press area
Touch area
Press area
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Tip of the tongue touches the front of the upper jaw
Touch area
Low High
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Tongue
4- Tip of the tongue.
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Exit is below the exit of L with Ghuna from the nasal cavity.
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Exit is close to the exit of N
Small hole for air to pass
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Light Heavy
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Tongue
4- Tip of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth.
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Exit is from tip of the tongue with the root of the upper front teeth Note the difference in the shape of the tongue and characteristics of the letter.
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Tongue
4- Tip of the tongue with the root of the lower teeth.
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Exit is from tip of the tongue with the inner surface of the lower teeth. So, the sound will come from between upper and lower teeth.
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Tongue
4- Tip of the tongue with the edge of the upper teeth.
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Exit is from tip of the tongue when touches the end of the upper teeth.
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Exit is from tip of the tongue when touches the end of the upper teeth. Note the difference in the shape of the tongue and the characteristics of the letters.
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Lips
4- Two exits
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Exit is from tip of the inner part of the lower lip with the end of the upper teeth.
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NOT extended . Note the shape of the lips and the back of the tongue. The sound comes out From between the lips when opened.
NOT EXTENDED
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Overlapping the two lips.
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Overlapping the two lips with Ghuna (sound from the nasal cavity)
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5- Nasal Cavity
Ghuna
Ghuna always comes with N and M.
(sound from the nasal cavity)
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Exercise
Read Surat Al Duha, Al Sharh
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EXERCISE
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EXERCISE
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Basic Tajweed rules
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Should be avoided
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Recite surat Al Ikhlas, Al Nas, Al Falaq and Al Burug
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Shafawi
Shafawi
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Rules of Meem Saakinah
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Exercise
Read Surat Al Muzzammil
5
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The rules of Lam Saakinah
In Quran, there are 5 categories of Lam Saakinah: 1- Lam in the combination of Alif- of the definitive article (the). EX: 2- The lam in a verb. 3- The lam in a noun. 4- The lam in a pariciple .
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For Moon (Kamariyah) Rule: Izhar
Exercise: Surat Al-Adiyat
For Shams (Shamsiyah) Rule: Idgham
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For Moon (Kamariyah) Rule: Izhar
For Shams (Shamsiyah) Rule: Idgham
Special cases
Heavy Lam after Hamthat wasl-Izhar
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Exercise: For Moon (Kamariyah) for sun (Shamsiya)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
(S & K)
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The lam Sakinaah occur in a verb, in nouns, and Harf. The general rule is Izhar but if the lam Sakinah is at the end of a verb Or participant and the first letter of the following is then the rule is Idgham There are no cases of lam sakinah at the end of noun. EX: EX: Except in verse 14 of Surat Because in Hafs an Asem, the rule is Sakt between the two words and there is no merge between the two letters Sakt is a stop without taking breath for a period of time less than that of a normal stop.
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The Hamzatul Wasl is a symbol It drops in connection and pronounced when you start with it.
EX:
Nouns Letters Verbs (start)
Damma Kasra
Only if the 3rd letter Has original Damma
1- If 3rd letter has non original Damma. 2- If the third letter has Fatha. 3-If the third letter has Kasra.
Always has Kasra
HW join only one letter Lam and it is always has Fatha.
Definition Lam
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Verbs (start) 1) H W will have Dammah when the 3rd letter of the verb has Original Damma.
Original Damma means the verb in present tense has Damma.
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Verbs (Start)
2) H W will have Kasra when the 3rd letter of the verb has NON Original Damma.
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Verbs
3) H W will have also Kasra when the 3rd letter of the verb has Kasra or Fatha or non original Damma as mentioned.
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Names: HA always has Kasra
Letters: HA only join Lam and always has Fatha
Hw in this words are always has Kasra
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Hamzatul Kataa It is always pronounced (start, end or connect)
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1
Heavy letter 4
1
2 2
3 3
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1
Heavy
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2
Heavy
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2
Heavy
Raa is saakin because of stoppng at an aya and the letter before is sakin and the second letter before RA jas Dama or Fatha.
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Exercise
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3
Heavy
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Heavy letter 4
Heavy
Original Kasr
Sakinr
Heavy letter with no Kasra
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1
93
2
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3
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1-Light if connected
1-If you stop, it could be light or heavy and light Is preferred because it has Kasra.
2-Heavy if connected
2-If you stop, it could be light or heavy and heavy Is preferred because it has original Fatha.
3-Heavy or light if connected
3-If you stop, it is heavy because the high letter has Kasra.
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Exercise: Surat Al Qiyamah-Surat AlQamar
Exercise:
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How to pronounce
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How to pronounce
How to do it? 1-The tongue should be away from the Exit of Noun. 2-Put the tongue close to the exit of next letter. 3-Pronounce Ghuna 2 beats. 4-Pronounce the letter after Noun.
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How to pronounce
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References
1. The Holy Quran.
2. Maha Rashed, “Reach the goal via Tajweed rule”- first edition.
3. Dr. Ayman Suaid, “The illustrated tajweed (Tajweed Musawar)” - First edition, 2011. 4. http://www.readwithtajweed.com/tajweed_Intro.htm
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