aprc 3 sep 2012 final version
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The world’s libraries. Connected.
The Changing Collections Context: trends in library resource management
OCLC Asia Pacific Regional Council
Kuala Lumpur | 3 September 2012
Constance MalpasProgram OfficerOCLC Research
Follow me @ConstanceM
reflections on Asian Ascendanceand some
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Trading Places
Source: “If US Cities Were Countries, How Would They Rank?” www.theatlantic.com (July, 2011)
San Francisco = Thailand?
The world’s libraries. Connected.
In a world where the information environment is increasingly flat
Academic collections are increasingly alikeDiscovery is increasingly dis-intermediated Global supply chains provide frictionless fulfillment
libraries are increasingly challenged to demonstrate distinctive value, need to leverage shared capacity to
Reduce investment in redundant operationsRedirect resources toward renovated library service
portfolio
Thesis: Place matters
Library place less about collections, more about creative capital
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Asian ascendanceSpeaking of place…
Source: A.T. Kearney. 2012 Global Cities Index
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Asian cities poised to gain global influence
Source: AT Kearney. 2012 Global Cities Index
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• Regional investment in higher education, ICT infrastructure, logistics and transportation
• Renewed attention to global reputation of research institutions, improved ability to attract human capital
• Vibrant, culturally diverse urban agglomerations that foster innovation and entrepreneurship
Factors in ‘Asian ascendance’
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• Libraries represent critical infrastructure in the knowledge economy
• Research, innovation and cultural influence rely on efficient information flows
• Increased adoption of shared library services enables a redirection of institutional resources toward distinctive, value generating activities
Role of Libraries
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• Increased attention to research reputation – international rankings, ability to recruit/retain global talent – places new stresses on library organization
• Emphasis shifts from acquiring, managing comprehensive local collections to maximizing visibility of locally distinctive assets
• Renewed focus on ‘customer’ engagement, alignment with academic mission
Implications
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• Local management of retrospective print collections is no longer a ‘value driver’ for most institutions
• Increased reliance on just-in-time fulfillment, demand-driven acquisitions, ‘managing up’ e-resources
• New attention to revealing library capacity – expertise, distinctive resources, service profile – in global network
Operationally, this means:
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Shared CollectionsCooperative GovernanceNetwork Disclosure
Local CollectionsLocal StewardshipLocal Discovery
Warehouse of booksPreservation of what is ‘mine’Local ILS
Collaboration spacesJoint stewardship of what is ‘ours’‘Cloud-based’ management svcs
Collection sizeGate countSatisfaction
Support for research processesManagement of institutional IPImpact
Metrics
Infrastructure
Library Organization
supported by
assessed with
defined by
20th Century 21st Century
The world’s libraries. Connected.
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/21stctfreport_11may12.pdf
21st Century Collections
The world’s libraries. Connected. Source: W. Lougee “Content & Collections: Rubrics and Rubiks”
Areas where OCLC has made significant investments in primary research and service development
The world’s libraries. Connected.
ARL institutions are the primary stewards of non-North American books in WorldCat; 69% held by at least one ARL
On average, non North-American imprints are held by fewer than 5 ARL libraries
East Asian imprints among the least widely held global resources in US academic research libraries, with fewer than 3 holding libraries per title on average
Key Findings
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Scope of ARL East Asian collections is growing
Source: D. Jakubs (2010)
The world’s libraries. Connected.
WorldCat library holdings for Asian imprints
Southeast Asia2004: 60% ARL2010: 35% ARL
South Asia2004: 77% ARL2010: 57% ARL
East Asia2004: 61% ARL2010: 42% ARL
Source: D. Jakubs (2010)
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• Greater diversity of holding institutions increases uncertainty about stewardship and supply
• Ongoing pressures on ARL institutions further erode (US) confidence in long-term preservation of global resources, including Asian imprints
• Heightened interest to digital supply chain and trusted repositories
Implications
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Some rough figures, based on analysis of WorldCat and HathiTrust in August 2012:
• Of the ~20M Asian imprints in WorldCat, only about 756K (4%) are present in the HathiTrust Digital Library
• Asian imprints account for less than 20% of the ~5.4M titles digitized by HathiTrust partners
Asian regional presence in mass-digitized corpus
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Number of Asian imprints, by region, represented in HathiTrust (July 2012)
Title
s
247K
756K
Source: C. Malpas, OCLC Research 2012.
Asian presence in mass-digitized corpus is growing
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Asian regional presence in HathiTrust as percent of all titles
While Asian publications increasingly well represented in WorldCat the region’s ‘digital book presence’ (in WorldCat) has hit a plateau
Source: C. Malpas, OCLC Research 2012.
2.1M 3.7M 4.9M 5.4M
13% 16% 17% 16%
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Percent of Asian regional imprints in WorldCat duplicated in HathiTrust
Median = 9% Median = 4% Median = 4%
South Asia Southeast Asia East Asia
Source: C. Malpas, OCLC Research 2012.
… a small fraction of Asian imprints in WorldCat have been digitized
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• Network presence of Asian imprints is “spiky” – publication records of some countries are more visible than others; digitization accentuates this trend
• Potential impact on global reach of research, scholarship produced in Asia
• Asian libraries can help correct this imbalance by registering print and digital/digitized holdings in WorldCat
Implications
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Key Findings
Significant and growing overlap between academic print collections and mass-digitized corpus
As much as 75% of the mass-digitized resource already managed in shared print repositories
Opportunity for large-scale transformation in academic print management; space recovery and cost-avoidance
2011
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HathiTrust Digital Library Growth Trajectory
Source: C. Malpas, OCLC Research 2012.
As of July 2012, HathiTrust is equal in size (volumes) and scope (titles) to top US ARL libraries
The world’s libraries. Connected. Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2011.
The world’s libraries. Connected. Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2012.
Represents at least 16,693 linear feet or >5 kilometers of shelf space
NTU library collection: ~900K titles in WorldCat 2.4M volumes
Potential cost avoidance?:USD 900K/yrTWD 27M/yr
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Median Overlap = 24%
Among Asian research libraries, ~25% holdings overlap with HathiTrust
Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2012.
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Median Overlap = 35%
Among North American peer libraries, 35% overlap with HathiTrust
Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2012.
The world’s libraries. Connected.
For US academic and research libraries: • an opportunity to rethink local collection
management strategies, risk profile has changed
For Asian academic and research libraries:• an opportunity to increase visibility of regional
library assets in global network, participate in reconfiguration of library supply chain
Implications
The world’s libraries. Connected.
For all libraries, an opportunity to:• Reduce local investment in commodity collections• Increase alignment with institutional mission by
rebalancing service portfolio• Enhance library value proposition by renewing focus
on stewardship of distinctive institutional assets, special collections, ‘global resources’, teaching & learning materials
Implications (cont.)
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Key Findings
2012
90% of the print book collection in North America is concentrated in 12 mega-regions
Access benefits and preservation risk are highly concentrated
Regional collections are highly diffuse Risk assessment requires system-wide view
>50% of regional print books managed by academic libraries
Changes in global higher education affect entire library system
Despite high-levels of bi-lateral duplication, each mega region has something unique to offer
improving ‘flows’ will benefit all players
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Monographic Publications and Library Holdings in North American Mega-regions
45M discrete publications889M library holdings (avg. 20/title); 72% of all holdings in WorldCat“Spiky” distribution
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Asian mega-regions, 2010
“… mega regions will be the drivers of Asian economies in 2050.”
Asian Development Bank, 2011
Sources: R. Florida. Cities & the Creative Class in Asia. AtlanticCities.com Asia 2050: Realizing the Asian Century
Asia Pacific in the vanguard of shift … APEC accounts for 9% of world population
>50% of global economic output ~75% of global innovation
Richard Florida, 2011
The world’s libraries. Connected.
“Where the World’s Brains Are” (2010)
Research universities increasingly function as a key hub institution of the knowledge economy.
Richard Florida
Source: R. Florida. Where the World’s Brains Are. www.creativeclass.com
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“Where the World’s Brains Are” 2010 vs. 2012
Sources: www.creativeclass.com THES Top Asian Universities 2012
2010/11: Asian universities account for 7% of top 400 world universities
2011/2012: … 16% of top 400
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• A (mega) regional strategy for library print management could reduce redundant investment in ‘low-value’ operations
• Enabling academic libraries to refocus attention, resources on distinctive service contributions
• Leveraging existing networks of cooperation and exchange
• Raising the global profile of Asian library capacity
Implications
The world’s libraries. Connected.
The Power of Place
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• Increased reliance on shared service infrastructure: discovery, delivery, resource management
• Shift to mega-regional scale in print management• Improved network visibility of Asian library
capacity, collections and services • Regional library infrastructure recognized -- and
funded -- as vital component of global knowledge economy
Asia’s Libraries 2050
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Libraries are operating in a world where information is increasingly flat
Knowledge Innovation Culture the future
is spiky
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Thank you for your attention.
Questions?
Constance Malpasmalpasc@oclc.org
Comments?
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Sources• Association of Research Libraries. 21st-Century Collections: Calibration of Investment and Collaborative
Action. http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/21stctfreport_11may12.pdf
• ATKearney (2012). 2012 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/2012_Global_Cities_Index_and_Emerging_Cities_Outlook_1.pdf
• Florida, R. L., Gulden, T., Mellander, C., & Joseph L. Rotman School of Management. (2007). The rise of the mega-region. Toronto, Ont.: Martin Prosperity Institute. http://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/userfiles/prosperity/File/Rise.of.%20the.Mega-Regions.w.cover.pdf
• Jackson, M. E., & Association of Research Libraries , OCLC Research et al. (2006). Changing global book collection patterns in ARL libraries. Washington, D.C: Association of Research Libraries. http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/grn_global_book.shtml
• Jakubs, D. (2010) Are We There Yet? Trends in Global Collections and Services. ARL Membership Meeting, April 2010 http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/mm10sp-jakubs.pdf
• Kohli, H. S., Sharma, A., & Sood, A. (2011). ASIA 2050: Realizing the Asian Century: Overview. http://www.emergingmarketsforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Overview-0503E.pdf
• Lougee, W. (2012). Content & Collections: Rubrics and Rubiks. ARL Membership Meeting, April 2012 www.arl.org/bm~doc/mm12spring-lougee.pdf
• Lavoie, B. F., Malpas, C., Shipengrover, J. D., & OCLC Research. (2012). Print management at "Mega-scale": A regional perspective on print book collections in North America. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/resources/research/publications/library/2012/2012-05.pdf
• Malpas, C., & OCLC Research (2011). Cloud-sourcing research collections: Managing print in the mass-digitized library environment. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Research. http://www.oclc.org/resources/research/publications/library/2011/2011-01.pdf
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