appendix 1 - cornwall council · (thermal blinds) 2.6. former holman’s no.3 works, camborne 12-24...
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Appendix 1 Energy efficiency and noise monitoring
April 2013
Camborne, Roskear, Tuckingmill Townscape Heritage Initiatives
Energy efficiency and noise monitoring
2. Monitored energy saving measures 1
2.1 The Clink, Church Lane, Camborne 2
(Wood fibre insulation boards)
2.2 43 Cross Street. Camborne 3 (Secondary glazing)
2.3 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill 4-6 (Refurbished original shutters and new draught
proofed shutters)
2.4 27 Basset Road, Camborne 7-9 (Slim double glazing)
2.5 2 Trelawney Road, Camborne 10-11 (Thermal blinds)
2.6 Former Holman’s No.3 Works, Camborne 12-24
(Various measures including slim double glazing, secondary glazing, shutters, draught proofing
Contents
1. Overview of energy saving measures 1 3. Energy saving monitoring results 25
3.1.1 Monitoring 25
3.1.2 Results of monitoring 26
3.1.3 Summary of feedback from questionnaires 26
received from Holman’s residents to date
3.1.4 - Unit C - effect of addition of shutters to 27 to draught proofed single glazing
3.1.5 Unit C ground floors: effect of draught 28 proofing on single glazing
3.1.6 Slimlite double glazing compared to 29
Draught proofed single glazing
4. Acoustic monitoring 30
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Methodology 30
4.3 Monitoring results 31
Energy saving monitoring links
Other useful websites providing the results of research and mon-itoring carried out on historic buildings include:
Bath Preservation Trust and the Centre for Sustainable Energy - Warmer Bath - A guide to improving energy efficiency of tradi-
tional homes in the city of Bath
Page Page
1. Overview of monitored energy saving
measures initiative
Monitored energy saving measures are being funded and installed
on historic buildings receiving grant aid for repairs as part of
Camborne, Roskear, Tuckingmill Townscape Heritage Initiatives.
The measures are to provide good local examples of sympathetic
ways of upgrading the thermal and acoustic performance of
historic buildings without destroying their character. The
performance is being recorded by students from Cornwall
College’s BSc Renewable Energy and Carbon Management course
and involves use of:
Remote temperature sensors fixed internally and externally.
Thermal imaging.
Acoustic monitoring equipment.
Monitoring is conditioned on THI grant offers and involves:
1-2 week agreed monitoring period after completion of works and before occupancy of building. This allows monitoring to
take place in even conditions.
12 month monitoring period to take account of seasonal change.
An interview/perceptions questionnaire for occupants at the
end of the monitoring period.
This section gives examples of the energy saving measures which have been installed and provides details of their performance
through feedback through the results of the monitoring carried
out.
1. Overview of monitored energy saving measures
1
2.1 The Former Clink
Church Lane, Camborne
The former Clink and Parish Vestry was repaired and converted
into two community rooms in Spring 2011.
A THI grant was offered for works including a new dry laid scantle slate roof using Delabole slate, new windows and doors,
lime render and lime pointing, a rebuilt chimney and cast iron rainwater goods. An element of internal works was also funded including breathable Pavadentro wood fibre insulation boards
which were used to thermally upgrade internal walls.
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Converted interior - utilising wood fibre insulation boards.
After
2
Before
2.2 43 Cross Street, Camborne
Cross Street News, Camborne was refurbished with help from a THI grant in the
Summer of 2010. THI grant funded work included a wet laid scantle roof using Delabole slate,
reinstatement of a traditional timber shopfront and the replacement of a uPVC bay window with a timber single glazed bay based on the original design. A new clock was installed, chimneys rebuilt, cast aluminium rainwater goods fitted and dentil course
reinstated. Secondary glazing was installed to the first floor living accommodation. This provided thermal benefits as well as substantially reducing traffic noise from a
busy street. The secondary glazing allowed original single glazing to be retained and provided benefits without affecting the character of the building.
This property received a Commendation in the 2011 Cornish Buildings Group Awards.
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Interior views of secondary glazing
3
Before After
2.3 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill
As part of THI funded works uPVC top opening windows were replaced with new traditional 12 pane single glazed vertical sliding sash windows
in Spring 2011.
The building retained its original internal shutter on the ground floor but shutters to the first floor were missing. The THI funded refurbishment of
the original shutters to three ground floor front windows and new
draught proofed shutters to three first floor windows.
The performance of the shutters has been monitored by Cornwall College
and the results can be seen on the following pages.
New draught proofed internal timber shutters to three first floor windows
Refurbished internal timber shutters to three ground floor windows
4
2. Monitored energy saving measures
After
Before
2.3 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill
The images on this page show preliminary results of energy saving
monitoring at 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill.
Remote temperature sensors and a thermal imaging camera have been used to monitor the thermal efficiency of draught proofed and non draught proofed timber shutters on the property.
Readings were taken with shutters open and closed.
Thermal imaging
The thermal image to the right was taken in March 2012 with the two left hand shutters ajar, the top middle one fully open and the
other three shut.
The monitoring results show that the shutters make a difference of
1°C to the external surface temperature.
2. Monitored energy saving measures
5
Image of remote temperature
sensor installed over doorway.
A study of internal and external temperature readings over an extended period in 2011 shows that if the shutters are closed
overnight then the internal temperature falls by 0.5 -1°C less than if shutters are not closed. This implies a reduction of 5-10% of the annual heat loss from the house and therefore a 5-10% reduction in energy bills – probably nearer to 5% since not all areas of
the house will be so directly affected.
Further analysis of the data will point to differences in performance of the different shutter designs and a consideration of the role
that shutters can play in cooling during hot weather.
2.3 3 Penlu, Tuckingmill
2. Monitored energy saving measures
6
5 first floor windows reinstated to original design using Slimlite glazing
2 bay windows, 2 sash windows and door on ground floor reinstated to
original design. Slenderglaze used on reinstated windows
2.4 27 Basset Road, Camborne
This vacant fire damaged building was refurbished with help from a THI grant
in Summer 2011.
The THI grant funding included reinstatement of sash windows and surrounds to the front elevation. Windows were based on an original design but with
slim double glazing (Slimlite to the first floor and Slenderglaze to the ground floor). This provided an opportunity to compare the visual appearance and thermal performance of slim double glazed units at the front with convention-
al timber double glazed windows at the rear. Remote temperature sensors were installed in the property by Cornwall College to monitor the performance
of the windows and monitoring is progressing.
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Interior view of completed window
7
2.4 27 Basset Road, Camborne
2. Monitored energy saving measures
8
9
2.4 27 Basset Road, Camborne
These images show the impact on heat loss that simple measures can have. In the lower, left hand flat heavy curtains are closed,
while the windows of the other occupied units, all with either no curtains or only thin net curtains show much greater heat loss. The
top right-hand unit was unoccupied at the time of the photo.
2. Monitored energy saving measures
A THI grant assisted with the repair and restoration of windows
and rainwater goods to the front and rear elevations of this property. Original windows and doors were repaired through a
combination of traditional repairs and a resin repair system.
Thermal blinds will be installed internally at this property and will be monitored with results being fed back into the
Improving Energy Efficiency in Historic Cornish Buildings guide.
2.5 2 Trelawney Road, Camborne
Before After
Resin repairs
2. Monitored energy saving measures
10
Thermal roman blind from the Thermal Blind Co.
11
2. Monitored energy saving measures
2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu Road, Camborne
The THI has funded works to 7 historic buildings on the former Holman’s No.3 Engineering Works. Holman’s produced rock drills and
engineering equipment for local tin and copper mining and is an important feature of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape
World Heritage Site. The overall scheme contains a mixture of renovated historic and new buildings.
The THI-funded works included various measures to improve the thermal and noise performance of traditional windows. Results of
this monitoring are included in the following pages. The monitoring took place on 4 historic buildings which were sub-divided into separate units and situated next to a busy road and a railway line. This provided a unique opportunity to compare different methods
of sympathetically retrofitting older buildings as well as providing a visual reference of the different measures. Results of the
monitoring are being fed into the Improving Energy Efficiency in Historic Cornish Buildings guide.
Unit E (lettering
reinstatement)
Unit D
Unit C Unit K
Burgess Foundry Wall
Sara’s Foundry Wall
Unit J
2. Monitored energy saving measures
12
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Unit ‘C’ Unit ‘D’ Unit ‘E’
Former Holman’s No.3 Works - before works
Former Holman’s No.3 Works - after works
13
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Unit ‘K’ before works
Unit ‘K’ after works
14
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Sara’s Foundry Wall prior to works
Sara’s Foundry Wall after works
15
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Sara’s Foundry and Burgess Foundry walls after works
Sara’s Foundry wall prior to works Burgess Foundry wall prior to works
16
2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3 Works
Trevu Road, Camborne - Unit ‘C’
Drawings by Lilly Lewarne Practice Chartered Architects.
2. Monitored energy saving measures
Before After
17
2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu Road, Camborne - Unit ‘C’
2. Monitored energy saving measures
18
Before
Sheepswool insulation
to roof
2 draught proofed single
glazed windows with internal shutters
5 draught proofed single
glazed windows with thermal shutters
2 draught proofed single
glazed windows
3 Single glazed windows
with secondary glazing
Insulation between
first floor timber joists inserted from above floor
19
2. Monitored energy saving measures
2.6 New timber shutters (conventional and thermal) at
Former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu Road, Camborne
2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3
Works Trevu Road, Camborne Unit ‘D’
Drawings by Lilly Lewarne Practice Chartered Architects.
Before After
2. Monitored energy saving measures
20
Before
2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3
Works Trevu Road, Camborne
Unit ‘D’
2. Monitored energy saving measures
21
Sheepswool
insulation to roof
Double hung vertical
sliding sash windows to original details
with slim double glazing
Draught proofing to
doors
Drawings by Lilly Lewarne Practice Chartered Architects.
Unit J – Slimlite glazing
Site visit with Cornwall College
2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3
Works, Trevu Road, Camborne Unit ‘J’
2. Monitored energy saving measures
22
2.6 Former Holman’s No. 3
Works, Trevu Road, Camborne Unit ‘J’
2. Monitored energy saving measures
23
Draught proofed single
glazed windows with ther-mal shutters (2 first floor, 1
ground floor)
Single glazed windows with
secondary glazing (3 first floor, 2 ground floor)
Slim double glazed
windows (7 first floor, 5 ground floor)
Sheeps wool insulation to
roof
First floor insulation be-
tween timber joists inserted from above floor with timber
boarding over
2. Monitored energy saving measures
24
Slim double glazing, draught proofed single glazing with second-ary glazing and internal timber shutters at James Holman House
(Unit J) Trevu Road, Camborne.
Slim double glazing
Slim double glazing
Draught proofed single glazed windows with
secondary glazing Draught proofed single glazing with shutters
3. Energy saving monitoring results
25
3.1 Results of energy saving monitoring
at former Holman’s No. 3 Works, Trevu
Road, Camborne
3.1.1 Monitoring
To assess the effectiveness of the THI-funded energy conservation
measures at the Holman’s Site, monitoring was carried out through using remote temperature sensors and thermal imaging cameras.
The remote temperature sensors were strategically placed in Units
C, D and J and monitoring was carried out after completion of works but before occupancy of units.
The results of the sensors must be interpreted with caution, since the units are not fully controlled environments and a number of
factors are at play. However, by comparing results on the same day in the same property, but in different rooms where different window
units were used, a meaningful comparison becomes possible, partic-ularly when the results are compared also with images from an infra-red camera and with the subjective perceptions of the occupants.
The units tested had the following glazing unit specifications:
Single glazing with draught proofing
Single glazing with secondary glazing
Single glazing with thermal shutters
Slimlite double glazing
The remote temperature sensors are the size of calculator batteries and were left unobtrusively over door frames in various rooms of
the units, where they recorded temperatures every 10 minutes over periods of several weeks. The data was collected readily in minutes
and interpreted using a spreadsheet.
This work was carried out by staff and students from the Science
Department of Cornwall College Camborne (Dr. Michael Hunt, Keith Dingley and student Will Segal).
3. Energy saving monitoring results
3.1.3 Summary of feedback from questionnaires received from Holman’s residents to date
Residents were generally satisfied with the performance of
their windows.
All windows and shutters were thought easy to open and no one seemed to have any problems with the locking bar for the shutters.
Residents thought it was easy to keep properties comfortably
warm when heated and cool in Summer.
Traffic noise was not found to be problem in any of the units.
No problems with draughts in any of the windows.
Reports of small areas of condensation on some windows.
The graph above uses data taken over the summer and shows
the effectiveness of glazing units in preventing overheating due to direct sunlight.
The figures in the graph show the temperature variation over a
two day period in the three adjacent units of Unit J, all part of one terraced property with similar construction throughout, differing only in the glazing units. The outside temperature is
shown for comparison.
3.1.2 Results of monitoring
A peak reduction in temperature rise of about 30% compared to
single glazing, reduced to an average temperature rise difference of about 15% could mean 15% reductions in space
heating or cooling bills. That means a cost saving likely to be over £100 a year for many householders.
Cost saving aside, there is a clear comfort benefit from the use of secondary glazing that is demonstrated by this data. The
temperature swings of a property are dramatically reduced, here due to heating from direct sunlight. The same would apply in re-
verse in cold weather.
The Slimlite glazing must also bring cost and comfort benefits,
since temperature swings last about half as long as they do in a similar room that is singly glazed.
26
3. Energy saving monitoring results
27
3.1.4 Unit C: effect of addition of shutters to draught proofed single glazing
Use of shutters reduced the internal temperature fall over a night time closure period of 9-10 hours by about 20%, or by 1 °C where
the temperature fall had been 5 °C, to 4 °C. This one degree temperature difference could make as much as 10% difference to a
heating bill over a year.
3. Energy saving monitoring results
28
3.1.5 Unit C ground floors: effect of draught proofing on single glazing
Comparison of temperature profiles in the adjacent ground floors of the dwellings in Unit C shows little difference in absolute
temperature changes over any given period, but the dwelling with draught proofed windows showed a slower temperature reduction
once the windows were no longer in direct sun.
3. Energy saving monitoring results
29
3.1.6 Slimlite double glazing compared to draught proofed single glazing
Comparison of the temperature profiles of two of the flats in Unit D, both of which had Slimlite double glazing, with that of the ground floor dwelling in Unit C with single glazed, draught proofed windows shows that there were substantially lower temperature fluctua-
tions in these flats than in the Unit C dwelling, as shown below. Temperatures fell overnight by about 3 °C or less , compared to 5 °C in the single glazed dwelling, which had the same aspect, and otherwise similar thermal specification.
If this temperature difference were replicated over a six month heating period that would make a difference of 15-20% to an annual
heating bill.
4. Acoustic monitoring
4.1 Introduction
Noise monitoring was carried out on Units C and D of the convert-
ed historic buildings fronting Trevu Road at the former Holman’s No.3 Engineering Works, Camborne in June 2012. The noise
monitoring was carried out by Eddie Jewell Acoustics on the following:
Single glazing with draught proofing
Single glazing with secondary glazing
Single glazing with thermal shutters
Slim double glazing
This complemented the energy monitoring work carried out on the
same buildings. The Holman’s site provided a good opportunity for noise monitoring as selected buildings were on a busy road near
the railway station. Traffic also stopped in front of properties when railway barriers were closed as can be seen on the photograph below.
4.2 Methodology
Monitoring was carried out using a Bruel and Kjaer 2250 sound monitoring device. Measurements were in accordance with the
Element Road Traffic Method (ISO140-5:1998).
Noise monitoring being carried out by Antony Best (Eddie Jewell
Acoustics) and students from Cornwall College’s BSc Renewable Energy and Carbon Management course.
30
4. Acoustic monitoring
4.3 Monitoring results
In simple terms the higher the figures in the table above the
better the noise performance. Key findings from the monitoring were:
Specification R’w R’w+C R’w+Ctr
Single glazing
with draught proofing
29 27 26
Single glazing
with secondary
glazing
39 36 30
Single glazing
with thermal
shutters
32 30 28
Slim double
glazing 29 28 26
Typical double
glazing 31
Typical single
glazed window 24
Secondary glazing and thermal shutters performed well and
results were comparable to the performance of double
glazing.
Draught proofed single glazing results were comparable to
slim double glazing.
Draught proofing provided a significant increase to the
noise performance of single glazed windows.
Noise monitoring in progress at Trevu Road, Camborne
31
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