appendicular skeleton. your appendicular skeleton includes all of the bones and joints that make up...

Appendicular Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton• Your appendicular skeleton includes all of the bones and joints that make up your appendages

• This includes the shoulder girdles and pelvic girdles

Shoulder Girdle

• Your shoulder girdle consists of two bones

• Clavicle

• Scapula

Scapula

• You have both a right and left scapula

• It connects to two bones

• Humerus

• Clavicle

• The scapula is sometimes called the “shoulder blade”

Clavicle• Your clavicle is a small bone that connects to two bones

• Sternum

• Scapula

• Your clavicle is sometimes called your “collar bone”

• It is fragile. It only takes approximately 8 pounds of pressure to break.

Arm bones

• There are three bones that make up the bones of your arm

• The humerus

• The radius

• The ulna

Humerus• The humerus is the bone in your upper arm

• It connects to three bones

• The radius

• The ulna

• The scapula

• You get the term “funny bone” from your humerus.

The Radius

• The radius is one of two bones of your lower arm

• In anatomical position it is the bone on your “thumb side” of your arm

• It gets its name because it has a circular head. Think about the radius of a circle when remembering which one is which.

The Ulna

• The ulna is the other bone in your lower arm

• It is responsible for creating a majority of the joint of your elbow

• It is on the pinky side of your arm in anatomical position.

The Hands

• Your hands are made up of 27 bones.

• You have 14 phalanges

• You have 5 metacarpals

• you have 8 carpal bones

Phalanges

• The phalanges make up the “finger bones” of your hand

• Each finger has three phalanges except for the thumb which has only two.

Metacarpals

• Your metacarpals are the bones of your hand that are long bones

• You have one for each finger

Carpals

• You have carpal bones which make up the bones of your wrist

• These 8 bones are bound by ligaments to restrict their movement

Pelvic Girdle

• Your legs attach to your thorax via the pelvic girdle

• The pelvic girdle is made up of a left and right os coxae.

Os Coxae

• Each os coxae is made up of three bones that are fused together in early development

• The Ischium

• The Ilium

• The Pubis

The ischium

• The ischium is the curved bone that forms the obturator foramen of the os coxae

• It connects to both the ilium and pubis at the acetabulum

Ilium

• The ilium is the large fan like bone that forms the “hip” portion of the os coxae

• The width from one iliac crest to the other is called the false pelvis

• The true pelvis is near the pelvic outlet

Pubis

• The pubis is the anterior connection point of the left and right os coxae

• It is the smallest of the 3 bones that make up the os coxae.

Male and Female differences in ossa Coxae

• The female inlet is large and more circular

• The female bones are usually lighter and thinner

• The angle of the pubic arch is usually greater than 90 degrees

Legs

• Like your arms your legs are made up of three bones

• One bone makes up the upper leg

• Two bones make up the lower leg

Femur

• The femur is the largest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire body

• It has a large ball head the connects to the acetabulum of the ossa coxae

Fibula and Tibia• You have two bones that make up the lower legs

• The fibula -- skinner and on the lateral side in anatomical position

• The tibia -- bigger and bulkier than the fibula. Located medially to the fibula.

• Only the tibia connects to the femur and patella

Feet

• Your feet are composed of 26 bones

• We break the feet up into 3 sections similar to our hands

• Phalanges

• Metatarsals

• Tarsals

Phalanges

• Just like in your hands you have 14 phalanges

• The consist of a proximal, medial, and distal phalange

• Your “big toe” is constructed similarly to your thumb and does not have a medial phalange

Metatarsals

• Just like in your hands you have 5 metatarsals

• Each one corresponds to a set of phalanges

Tarsals

• In your feet you have 7 tarsal bones

• The two biggest are the talus and calcaneus

• The talus connects your feet to your tibia and fibula

• Your calcaneus is your “heel”

Patella

• Your “knee cap” is a singular bone

• It connects to the femur, and tibia