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Russ Daly, DVM, MS,

DACVPM

Extension VeterinarianState Public Health VeterinarianSouth Dakota State University

© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University

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Antimicrobial

Resistance in

Animal

Populations

iGrow.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/

iGrow.orghttp://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/

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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns

in Animals

National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

(NARMS) data

Human enteric bacteria

SDSU Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic

Laboratory data

Animal pathogens

Diagnostic submissions

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National Antimicrobial Resistance

Monitoring System (NARMS)

Established in 1996

Collaboration among:

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)

Monitors Abx susceptibility among enteric bacteria:

Humans (CDC)

Retail meats (FDA)

Food animals (USDA)

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NARMS Pathogens Monitored

Humans (CDC) – clinical illness

Salmonella (typhi & non-typhi) – E. coli O157 –

Shigella – Campylobacter - Vibrio

Retail meats (FDA)

Chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, pork

chops

Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli - Enterococcus

Food animals (USDA)

Chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine

Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli - Enterococcus

© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org

© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org

Chicken

Pork chops

State collected

# of antibiotics that isolates were resistant to

Bacteria ND SD Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 # of MDR isolates

Salmonella 0 0 0 - - - - - - - E. coli 7 8 15 12 2 - - - 1 1/15 Enterococcus 4 10 14 1 1 7 3 - 1 4/14

State

collected # of antibiotics that isolates were resistant to

Bacteria ND SD Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # of MDR isolates

Salmonella 0 2 2 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 2/2 Campylobacter 1 6 7 4 1 1 - 1 - - - - 1/7 E. coli 6 12 18 5 4 2 2 3 1 - - 1 7/18 Enterococcus 2 5 7 - 1 2 1 - 1 1 1 - 4/7

State

collected # of antibiotics that isolates were resistant to

Bacteria ND SD Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # of MDR isolates

Salmonella 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - E. coli 6 9 15 7 1 3 2 1 1 - - - 4/15 Enterococcus 4 11 15 - - 2 10 1 1 - - 1 4/14

SDSU’s role in NARMS

Ground

beef

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NARMS Pathogens Monitored

Humans (CDC) – clinical illness

Salmonella (typhi & non-typhi) – E. coli O157 –

Shigella – Campylobacter - Vibrio

Retail meats (FDA)

Chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, pork

chops

Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli - Enterococcus

Food animals (USDA)

Chickens, turkeys, cattle, swine

Salmonella – Campylobacter – E. coli -

Enterococcus

© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org

https://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/Antimicr

obialResistance/NationalAntimicrobialResistanceMonitoringS

ystem/ucm416741.htm

iGrow.org

Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories

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Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories

© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org

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SDSU Animal Disease Research

and Diagnostic Laboratory - 2018

24,949 case accessions in 2018

~ 500,000 test procedures/yr.

> 16,000 bacteriology

procedures/yr.

> 1,800 antimicrobial

resistance panels

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Ampicillin Resistance: SDSU

ADRDL

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*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)

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Ceftiofur Resistance: SDSU ADRDL

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*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)

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Enrofloxacin Resistance: SDSU

ADRDL

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*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)

*(ave. no. of isolates/yr.)

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Kansas State University VDL, 2005-

2018

Main bacterial cattle pneumonia pathogens

Mannheimia hemolytica

Pasteurella multocida

Histophilus somni

Resistance flat from 2005-2009

2009-2018: resistance increasing for common cattle

antibiotics

Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, tulathromycin

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Diagnostic Sample Considerations

Not considered systematic surveillance

May represent “the worst of the worst”

Treatment failures

Unusual clinical presentations

Multiple pathogens

Submission type depends on:

Climate/weather conditions

Experience of veterinarians

Economic conditions: + and -

© 2013 Board of Regents, South Dakota State University iGrow.org