anti-corruption behavior survey · agency), ukp4, setwapres, icw (indonesia corruption watch), kpk...

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Hendry Syaputra (hesy@bps.go.id)

BPS – Statistics Indonesia

Anti-Corruption Behavior Survey

Contents

Background1

Frame Work2

Objective3

Stakeholder4

Survey Methodology5

Index Methodology6

The Result7

Background (1)

In order to enhance the efforts in corruption prevention and eradication, the government has:

Issued Presidential Regulation No 55 Year2012 on the National Strategy of CorruptionPrevention and Eradication (Nastra CPE)

Assigned BPS-Statistics Indonesia andBappenas to measure the fifth indicator of theNastra CPE on education and anti-corruptionculture, through the Anti-Corruption BehaviorSurvey (ACBS)

Survey conduct every year since 2012

Background (2)

The ACBS is held during Oct/Nov every years

It’s held to measure the 5th strategy of Nastra CPE on Education and Anti-Corruption Culture. One of the root causes of corruption is suspected to come from the low integrity of the perpetrators and a permissive culture towards corrupt acts.

It’s result is expected to become the baseline for program planning to strengthening each individual in making ethical decisions with integrity, as well as to create a culture of zero tolerance towards corruption.

Frame Work (1)

ACBS

Experience

Perception

Family

Community

Public

Bribery

Extortion

Nepotism

Frame Work (2)

Anti-Corruption Behavior Survey (ACBS) conducted to get an overview of the respondents' attitudes toward the practice of everyday corruption (petty corruption) that exist in society.

From the discussion with stakeholders and experts, ACBS measure respondents' assessment (opinion) of certain habits in society and personal experiences related to the public service.

There is three main concept of corruption in ACBS: • Bribery

• Extortion

• Nepotism, and the roots of corruption habits

Objective

General Objective to give a comprehensive description about the recent

situation and condition of the people’s anti-corruption behavior perceived from each individual’s:

• perception,

• knowledge,

• behavior, and

• experience related to corruption behavior.

Particular Objective to provide a complete depiction concerning to what

extent the culture of zero tolerance towards corruption has been internalized in each individual, especially related to the 5th strategy of Nastra CPE

Stakeholders

In addition of government, other elements such as

academics and NGO activists involve in the preparation

ACBS.

The whole team involve in these activities such as: BPS,

Bappenas (National Planning And Development

Agency), UKP4, Setwapres, ICW (Indonesia Corruption

Watch), KPK (Corruption Eradication Commission),

UNODC Indonesia, TII and other anti-corruption

activists/NGOs work together preparing the survey

instrument based on the situation in Indonesia.

BPS is a coordinator in the collection of data and

calculating composite index of the Anti-Corruption

Behavior Survey (ACBS).

Survey Methodology

Used Household Approach

Held in 170 districts/cities in 34 provinces all across Indonesia

The total number of samples: 10,000 householdschosen by using Multistage Two Phase Sampling

Respondent is head of household or spouse that chosen randomly using kish grid and interviewed directly (face to face)

Response rate: 88 - 90 percent (2012 – 2015)

Index Calculation Methodology

The Anti-Corruption Behavior Index (ACBI) is a composite indicator which data is obtained from the ACBS (conducted by BPS and Bappenas).

The ACBI variables were selected from a group of questions in the ACBS by using explanatory factor analysis (EFA).

The ACBI was arranged according to 2 main substances: opinions regarding behavior related to the root and

behavior of anti-corruption in society

experiences with corrupt practices related to public services in the last 12 months

Anti-corruption Behavior Index

One of the results of ACBS

It aims to describe the dynamics of people’s behavior towards corruption whether it is anti-corruption or permissive.

It also reflects the intensity and tendency of the behavior (each individual has a value index) as well as describes the condition of people’s behavior in general (the index is the average value of people’s behavior).

The higher the index indicates that the anticorruption cultural values are better internalized and is showing in the actual behavior of each individual

3.55 3.63 3.61 3.59

0

1

2

3

4

5

2012 2013 2014 2015

Anti-Corruption Behavior Index 2015

The closer the index to 5, the more anti-corruption

behavior the people show. Otherwise, the closer the

index to 0, the people tend to have very permissive behavior to corruption.

Index Meaning

3,59Very Anti-Corruption

Very Permissive

12

RESULT

Dimension 2012 2013 2014 2015

Perception Index 3,54 3,66 3,71 3,73

Experience Index 3,58 3,58 3,49 3,39

ACBI Indonesia 3,55 3,63 3,61 3,59

Perception Indextend to increase,

whileExperience Index tend to decrease.

3.54

3.663.71 3.73

3.583.58

3.49

3.39

3.55

3.63 3.61 3.59

2012 2013 2014 2015

Perception Index Experience Index ACBI Indonesia

ACBI BY DIMENSION

Example of Single Indicators

Question

Around 61 percent of the respondents or increased 8 percent than 2014 (53

percent) considered it less acceptable or not acceptable for someone to

guarantee his/her family/relative/friend to be accepted as a civil servant or private

employee to strengthen the family or friendship bonding.

Is it acceptable or not acceptable for someone to guarantee his/her

family/relative/friend to be accepted as a civil servant or

private employee?

Percent Percent

4.04

42.48

16.50

36.98

0

20

40

60

very

acceptable

acceptable less

acceptable

not

acceptable

1.83

37.06

17.48

43.63

0

20

40

60

veryacceptable

acceptable lessacceptable

notacceptable

Question

Around 57 percent of the respondents or increased 2 percent than 2014 (55

percent) considered it less acceptable or not acceptable for someone to give more

money to an officer to accelerate the completion of administrative matters

(identity card and family card).

Is it acceptable or not acceptable for

someone to give more money to an officer to accelerate the completion of administrative

matters (identity card and family card)?

Percent Percent

2.07

42.75

15.56

39.62

0

10

20

30

40

50

very

acceptable

acceptable less

acceptable

not

acceptable

1.00

41.80

16.29

40.91

0

10

20

30

40

50

veryacceptable

acceptable lessacceptable

notacceptable

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