anthony giddens ● mitchell duneier ● richard p.appelbaum ● deborah carr fourth edition chapter...
Post on 02-Apr-2015
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ANTHONY GIDDENS ● MITCHELL DUNEIER ● RICHARD P.APPELBAUM ● DEBORAH CARRFourth Edition
Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.2
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
The big issues
• Defining globalization
• Connecting globalization to modernity and major social change
• Examining social movements: what they are and how they are global
• Exploring which social forces lead to increased globalization
3
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Globalization and social change
• Globalization is the process through which the world is increasingly connected and interdependent.– At level of individuals, groups, organizations,
states, and so on– This process is largely associated with economic
and political change.
• In the modern period, globalization has accelerated rapidly.
4
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Linking globalization and social change
• Responding to environmental factors
• Emergence of the political state
• New communication technologies
• Religious pluralism and the need for tolerance
• Expansion of industrial capitalism
5
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
What follows modern society?
• Postindustrial society: Knowledge and service become the primary products.
• Postmodernity: A rupture with core understandings of history and belief—no central narratives, only diversity
6
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
The “Geek Squad,” a company founded by Robert Stephensin Minneapolis, Minnesota, and later purchased by the BestBuy retail chain, provides consumer computer support andtechnical repairs.
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Social movements and social change
• Collective action is a factor in social change.
• Many movements today—including the anti-globalization movement—are global in scope.
• We now have new social movements, which are less goal-oriented and more identity-oriented.
8
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Approaches to social movements
• Economic deprivation
• Resource mobilization
• Structural strain
• Fields of action
9
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Modern technology and social movements
• Use of the Internet for organization and fundraising• Speeds up the process with instant information and
response• Allows for fast coordination of events like rallies,
protests, and so on• Could indicate a shift in power
10
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
What makes globalization?
• Economic factors
– Transnational corporations
– Integrated financial markets
• Global flow of information and communication
– Over 2 billion Internet users worldwide in spring 2011
11
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
What makes globalization?
• Political changes
– Fall of communist regimes
– Rise of IGOs and INGOs
– Rising importance of international coalitions (the European Union, United Nations, etc.)
12
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Globalization in everyday life
1. IKEA furniture ______________
2. Wii games ______________
3. H&M fashions ______________
4. L’Oréal shampoos or beauty products ______________
5. Samsung cell phone or PDA ______________
6. Molson beer ______________
7. Birkenstock sandals ______________
8. Diesel jeans ______________
9. Apple iPhone ______________
10. American Express credit card ______________
13
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Globalization in everyday life
1. IKEA: founded in Sweden, now owned by a Dutch foundation
2. Wii: MNC in Kyoto, Japan
3. H&M: Swedish company
4. L’Oréal: Paris suburb
5. Samsung cell or PDA: Seoul, South Korea
6. Molson beer: Montreal, Canada
14
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Globalization in everyday life
7. Birkenstock sandals: Germany
8. Diesel jeans: Molvena, Italy
9. Apple iPhone: established in California, parts from China
10. American Express: New York City
15
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
The globalization debate
• There are three main positions:
– Skeptics
– Hyperglobalizers
– Transformationalists
16
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Table 16.2 Conceptualizing Globalization: Three Tendencies
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
How we feel about globalization
• Increasing need to construct our identities
• Significant shifts in work and family life
• Ubiquity of Western—especially American—popular culture
18
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Risk in a global world
• Manufactured risk versus external risk
• Potentially devastating consequences– Urbanization and industrialization– Pollution– Global warming– Nuclear power– Bioengineered food
19
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Global inequality
• Wealth increasingly concentrated in the developed world
– Poorest 40 percent of global population = 5 percent of global income
– Richest 10 percent = 54 percent of global income
• Global markets have exacerbated this problem: the gap between rich and poor is growing.
20
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Between Richer and Poor Countries, 1800 to 2008
SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009 World Bank 2011C.Note: GDP for South Africa from 1911;
1900 data not available
The Widening Gap
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
The Widening Gap
Between Richer and Poorer Countries, 1800 to 2010
SOURCE: Gapminder.com 2009. World Bank 2011C.
* 2010 U.S. $
GDP PER CAPITA *
USA $1,343 $47,184
1800 2010
Note: GDP for South Africa from 1911; 1900 data not available
Japan $896 $43,137
Germany $1,643 $40,509
Republic of Korea $740 $20,767
Brazil $509 $10,710
South Africa $759 $7,275
China $992 $4,393
Egypt $748 $2,699
Pakistan $665 $1,007
Dem. Rep. of Congo $394 $199MEDIAN GDP PER CAPITA
$40K
$20K
$0K
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
2010
1980
1950
1900
1800
Low income countries
Medium income countries
High income countries
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Does free trade help?
• Many INGOs believe free trade will reduce global inequality.
• Critics argue that a global justice movement that pushes for trade organized around protecting rights and resources is needed.
23
W. W. Norton & CompanyIndependent and Employee-Owned
This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint Presentation for
For more learning resources, please visit our online StudySpace at: http://www.wwnorton.com/college/soc/essentials-of-sociology7/
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Clicker Questions
1. Social change is the transformation over time of
a. revolution.
b. the institutions and culture of society.
c. social movements.
d. collective behavior.
25
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Clicker Questions
2. Which of the following is considered a cultural factor in social change?
a. political organization
b. religion
c. environmental conditions
d. industrial capitalism
26
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Clicker Questions
3. What factor helps to explain the rise of new social movements over the past few decades?
a. Traditional political institutions are increasingly ignoring a whole set of new threats, ranging from environmental crises to genetically modified organisms, because they are unable to cope with the challenges of trying to find solutions to them.
b. People today feel less isolated than in the past and are more willing to join movements.
c. Because these new movements are so focused on the economics and politics of globalization, people from around the world are drawn to them.
d. People today feel more entitled and bold when it comes to challenging the government.
27
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Clicker Questions
4. When it comes to debates on globalization, Joaquin believes that present levels of economic interdependence are not unprecedented and that the growth of regionalization is evidence that the world economy has become less rather than more integrated. To which school of thought does Joaquin belong?
a. skeptics
b. transformationalists
c. hyperglobalizers
d. individualists
28
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Clicker Questions
5. Globalization has many consequences. Next to mounting ___________ problems, the expansion of inequalities within and between societies is one of the most serious challenges facing the world at the start of the twenty-first century.
a. ecological
b. communication
c. political
d. individual
29
top related