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ANTECY
“CO2 the Uber Resource”- Direct CO2 Capture from Air for E-Fuels & more -
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History: Personal
Paul O’Connor – Background
• Born in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles• Chemical Technology at TU Eindhoven (1972-1977)• SHELL: Catalytic & Thermal Cracking (1977-1984)
– The Hague (MFD), Refinery (Curaçao)• Akzo Nobel:
– FCC Catalyst testing & development (1984-2004)– Advanced materials & new fuels (2000-2004)
• Albemarle: New Business Development (2004-2005)– GTL, CTL, BTL...Renewables?
• BIOeCON: 2nd Gen Biomass conversion (2006 – Now)• ANTECY: “Solar” fuels & chemicals (2010 – Now)
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History: CO2 = Back to the Future
CO2 BiomassCO2 the “Uber” building block
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CO2 + H2 (e): High Density E-Fuels!
e
Lithium IonBattery
Hydrogen@ 150 bar
Methanol Gasoline1 liter~ 2 liters
~ 20 liters
~ 30 litersVolume @ constant energy content
Hydrogen@ 720 bar~ 6 liters
Photons Electrons Molecules (Gas Liquid)
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Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E –3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
E-Fuels: Enabling Energy Transition
Low Carbon Emissions
LCE
“E”-Fuelse
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CO2: As energy (e H2) carrier
A liquid “Organic” recyclable BATTERY….
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2017 DEMO: FC-B-EVThe Future is here!
Ruud Koornstra : “So the future battery of my TESLA will be methanol!”
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ANTECY
Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
What is still missing?Direct Air Capture of Carbon/ CO2 from Air
Carbon (CO2) point sources are limited!
Key technology still missing?
H2 + CO2 →→
Fuels
Electrolysis
H2O → H2
Direct Air Capture
Air → CO2
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9Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
CO2 Capturing + Concentration!Power to Liquids/Gas requires “pure” CO2 (O2 free)
Source CO2 ConcentrationBio gas up to 20% 5xFlue gas ±10% 10xOpen Air ± 0,04% 2500x
- Advantage: Clean
CAir: Carbon Source ?
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10Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
CO2 from Air Challenge!
Pick 400 “special” people (CO2) out of crowd of a million in seconds!
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11Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Adsorption Kinetics: Fast & Deep
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250
CO2-
outp
ut(p
pm)
Adsorption time (min)
τ=0.10s(5g)
τ=0.20s(5g)
τ=0.41s(5g)
τ=0.30s(25g)
τ=0.30s(25g)
τ=0.30s(25g)
τ=0.50s(25g)
Working Capacity@ high CO2 capture
(< 2 hours)
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12Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Sorbent Development: Capacity?
Solid Amines
“Equilibrated”
“Working”
MOF’s? Capacity:Direct Air Capture
mmol CO2 /gg CO2 /kgg CO2 /m3
Equilibrated
Working Capacity@ high CO2 capture
(< 1 hour)
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13Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Direct Air Capture ChallengeCompetitive Technologies
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CAir: A robust & unique Technology
Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
AMINES G-SToxicity issues
Stability (lifetime) Corrosion etc.
G-LSlow mass transfer
Longer time/cyclesHigh Sorbent Volumes
AmineBased
Non-Amine
L: Liquid Adsorbent S: Solid Adsorbent
Amine G-L TechnologyState-of-the-Art
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Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Non-Amine Carbonate System
Decomposition/Desorption temperatureM-CO3M-O + CO2
• CaCO3 T > 800oC• Al-Mg-CO3 T > 400-600oC• K-Al-Mg-CO3 T > 200-450oC• Zn-CO3 T > 150-400oC• KHCO3 T > 50-80oC (K2CO3 1.5H2O)• Liquid Amines T > 120-150oC
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Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Why Non-Amine?
Average compositions of the degradation samples of MEA, PIP, and MDEA.
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Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Why Non-Amine?
Stability Amines: Temperature , O2 concentration
• Degradation: Loss of sorbent capacity ,Higher cost• Degradation products can be toxic / carcinogenic• Emission issues in waste water, air, CO2?• Solid grafted amines (complex MF)• Much higher production costs vs. Carbon/KHCO3
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Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
CAir: 1st generation Sorbent
Carbon Support
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Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
CAir: 2nd generation Sorbent
Main goal: Higher Sorbent Capacity
Target to double CO2 captured per weight of sorbent
Faster kinetics & mass transfer
50% Reduced energy consumption OPEX
50% Reduced adsorber/desorber size CAPEX
R&D Program funded:
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20Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Surprising Conclusions?
• Future = E-Fuels (+ FC) > Hydrogen or batteries• EF-ICE and/or EF-FC Cars
• Future is already here: Low cost of Electricity• Norway, ME, E-Intermittency, Islands,..
• Preferred CO2 source is Air and not Flue Gas• FG-CO2 is not (much) cheaper• FG-CO2 needs to be cleaned (Costs)• FG-CO2 is only available at certain locations (Points)• FG-CO2 is unreliable (suppliers?)
• Cost effective CO2 from Air is NOT impossible• ANTECY has the technology to do it!
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21Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
CO2 for non-Fuel applications
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Antecy BV – Hogebrinkerweg 15E – 3871KM Hoevelaken – The Netherlands
Enclosed Agriculture Systems!
900 ton/year CO2 plant± 300 ton CO2 /ha per year
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Ready for take-off!
ANTECY
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