antarctic support
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Antarctic SupportGroup C Dickson Chan / Brett Johnson / Kaman Lau / Bertha Luk / Josefa WivouAircraft Evaluation & Design Appraisal ProjectTuesday, 24 October 2006Lecturers: Mr. John Page Mr. Zoran Vulovic
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Antarctic Support
Aim: Investigate the possibility of providing specialist air support to activities in the Antarctic...
Support the Tourist Trade and Scientific Exploration
Provide Search and Rescue & Medivac Capability
Select aircraft capable of operating in the extreme environment
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Antarctica In Brief
Market Research
Mission Requirements
Regulatory Requirements
Aircraft Analysis
Planned Aircraft Operations
Financial Projection
QuestionsPresentation Outline
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Terrain
5th largest continent
Terrain: 98% thick continental ice sheet2% barren rock
Average elevations: 2000 to 4000 m
11% of Antarctica are Glaciers and floating ice shelvesAntarctica in brief
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Weather / Climate
- Coldest, Windiest and Driest Continent
Antarctica in brief
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General Facts
Home to various national scientific research base
11 ice runways and 22 skiways
These facilities do not meet ICAO standards
Very few transport systems within Antarctica
Antarctica in brief
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Our Focus 2 Key Areas
Look at existing air support for Antarctica
Examine Scientific and Tourist Market
Market Research
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Existing Air Operations to Antarctica
Market Research
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Scientific Market
Examined Australia, Japan, New Zealand & USA science bases
Opportunities to serve Australias Research Activities (Australian Antarctic Division - AAD)
Identified AAD needs: high speed service from Antarctica to Australia
Market Research
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Tourist Market consists of:
Airbourne / Over-flight Tourism (by air, no landing, e.g. Qantas)
Vessel Trips (tourists stay onboard shipping vessels)
Actual Landings (mostly via shipping vessels)
Limited Accommodations Available on Antarctica
Market Research
Cost of tour packages rangefrom $19,000 to $59,000usd
Majority of tours are ship-based
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Antarctic Tourism Data (1 of 2)
Market Research
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Antarctic Tourism Data (2 of 2)
Market Research
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Base of Operation (Australian Mainland)
Examined various locations selected Hobart
Benefits
Location (closest major Australian city to Antarctica)Existing base of Antarctic community + organisationsExisting infrastructures (e.g. ports / research centres)
Market Research
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Base of Operation (Antarctic Mainland)
Examined various Australian bases selected Casey
Benefits
Location (closest to Hobart)Purpose built blue-ice runway for larger aircraftHub of all Australian Antarctic bases
Market Research
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Our Operating Model
Tourists will:
Travel by Air on one sector to or from Antarctica
and then
travel on the remaining sector by sea on shipping vesselMarket Research
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Air Operator Certificate (e.g. aerial work to and from Australian Antarctic Territory)
Environmental Restrictions
Crew Provisions (3 flight crew required)
ETOPS
Regulatory Requirements
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Inter-continental
The Aircraft should be able to:
Improve existing capability for urgent / critical re-supply missions
Compliment the AADs existing air support capabilities
Mission Requirements
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Major requirements (Inter-continental)
Range (at least 3443km; preferably > 7000km)Speed (Hobart Casey in less than 6hrs)Payload(2 to 5 tonnes)Capacity(5 to 10 passengers; scientists given priority to fly)Weather(operate at -30C; max cross-wind limit > 20 knots)Fuel(Jet B grade fuel)
Mission Requirements
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Search and Rescue / Medical Evacuations
Very different requirementsSAR requires STOL / VTOL capability + trained ground staffMedical Evacuations requires fast aircraft with good ground access, and also enough space for medical equipments / stretchers on board
Conclusion: Not feasible to provide Search and RescueFocus will be on providing Medivac services
Mission Requirements
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Other requirements (Inter-continental)
Navigation instruments
Ground accessibility (e.g. for convenient loading)
Noise footprint (the smaller the better!)
Aircraft with more than 2 engines (avoid ETOPS restrictions)
Mission Requirements
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Inter-continental mission
Examined potential candidates for the missionExisting inter-continental aircraft:Lockheed LC-130F HerculesIlyushin IL-76Lockheed C-5 GalaxyToo large for our mission requirement
Selected Dassault Falcon-900EX
Aircraft Analysis
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Falcon 900EX Summary
Designed as a large intercontinental business jet
16 -18 passengers
3 x Honeywell TFE731-60 Turbofan engines
Max fuel capacity: 11,865 Litres
2 man cockpit
Aircraft Analysis
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Falcon 900EX Summary
Ground turn radius of 14.55m
Tri-cycle type landing gear with anti-skid system
2 independent hydraulic systems (3000 lb/sq in)
3 engine-driven pumps
Heated bleed air anti-icing for wing leading edges, intakes and centre engine ductAircraft Analysis
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Falcon 900EX Dimensions
External
Length: 20.21m
Height: 7.55m
Wingspan: 19.33m
Baggage Door: Height 0.75m / Width 0.95m
Passenger door: Height 1.72m; Width 0.8m
Aircraft Analysis
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Falcon 900EX - Dimensions
InternalCabin: Length 10.11m; Height 1.88m; Width 1.91mRear Baggage Compartment Volume: 3.8 m3
Aircraft Analysis
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Falcon 900EX Performance
Long range cruise: Mach 0.75Range: 8334kmPayload: 2796kgMTOW: 21,900kgMax Cruise altitude: 51,000ftOperating Temp: -54C to 50C Take-off run: 1,590mLanding run: 724m (thrust reverser on centre engine)V approach approx. 109 kts
Aircraft Analysis
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Falcon 900EX Benefits
Meeting all the mission requirements
Operates more efficiently and effectively than larger aircraft
Reduced reliance on long-range weather forecasting
Environmental benefits: only requires refuelling in Antarctica by exception, reducing costs of transporting fuel
Ability to be used in emergency response or medivac
Ability to carry small amounts of time-critical cargo
Aircraft Analysis
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Airfield + additional requirements
Casey (Wilkins Aerodrome)
Glacial blue ice runway surface
Airfield: 4000m long & 200m wide
Elevation: 750m ASL
Requires backup ground-based APU and fuel stockpile
Planned Aircraft Operations
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Flight Schedule
Return flights take 1 day
Depart Hobart at 1700, Arrive Casey by 2300 (day light)
Depart Casey at 0100, Arrive Hobart by 0500
43 return flights (Summer 2007-2008) for tourists / scientists6 return flights (Winter 2008) for scientists
Planned Aircraft Operations
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Financial Projections
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Financial Projections
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Antarctic Air-link: Hobart - Casey
Most suitable aircraft: Falcon 900EX
Enhance existing air-transport capability
Expect Growth in Scientific and Tourist Markets
Profitable Operations
Questions?
Conclusion & Questions
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