animal protection strategies
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Animal ProtectionStrategies
All photos, text, and graphics copyright 2007
Kris Light
http://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com
K. Light
http://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com/http://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com/ -
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Ways animals protect themselves
Camouflage hiding in plain view
Covering themselves or burrowing underground
Being alert to their surroundings
Venom - Biting or stinging
Poison touched or eaten
Mimicry looking like another animal
Protective coloration, false eyespots
Horns or antlers
Claws, teeth
Shells Living in groups herds, flocks, schools
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Masters of disguise the camouflage
artistsAnimals mayhave skin, scales
or feathers thatlook like part oftheirenvironment. Theflounder can
change its skinpatterns to matchthe background.Some animals
add things fromtheirenvironment; thecaterpillar addedflowers to itsbody to help itblend in with itsfood source.
Caterpillar covered
in flowers
Leafy Sea Dragon
Flounder
Owl
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More examples of camouflage
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Anoles can changecolor
Jellyfish are transparent
Sea Anemones cover themselvesWith shells and sand when closed
The Snowy Plover is thecolor of the sand
Lynx Spider blendsin with the leaves The Stingray matches the sand
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Mimicry looking like someone else Some harmless
animals mimicdangerous ordistasteful animalsto fool predators
into not eatingthem. The harmless
Scarlet Milk Snakemimics the red,yellow and black
stripes of thevenomous CoralSnake. Red onBlack, Venom lack,Red on yellow, Kill afellow!The Humming birdclearwing mothlooks a lot like abumblebee to ahungry bird. The
Viceroy butterflyclosely resemblesthe distastefulMonarch butterfly.
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moth
Bumblebee
ViceroyButterfly
Monarch ButterflyScarlet milksnake
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The Element of Surprise! If a bird tries to
eat either ofthese moths it
will be in for abig surprise!The mothssuddenly open
their upperwings exposingeither eyespots
or bright colorsto frighten thepredator away.
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Io MothTiger Moth
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There is no such thingas a poisonous spideror snake, they can be
eaten! Animalsthat bite or sting arevenomous. Think of aV as being like sharpfangs or a stinger
to inject poison. Thecopperhead and lionfishare venomous becausethey have eitherfangs or spines.
The monarch caterpillarand the salamander arepoisonousif eaten by apredator. Poisons
have to be touched oreaten to be dangerous.Think of a P as beinground like theend of a tongue or
finger.
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Venomous Poisonous
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Poisonous or Venomous?
Answers: 1. V, 2. P, 3. P, 4. V, 5. V, 6. P
1. Bumblebee 2. Monarch Butterfly 3. Ladybug
5. Garden spider
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4. DiamondbackRattlesnake
Millipede
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Chemical warfare
This Stink Beetle is
giving a warning that itdoes not want to be
bothered by doing a
headstand. If apredator does not heed
this warning, the beetle
will blast it with a hot,
smelly liquid from the
end of its abdomen!
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If you touch or eat me, Ill hurt you or
make you sick!
It may be hard to believe
a tiny blue frog could killyou or a pretty greencaterpillar could give youpainful stings if you pickedthem up. A cute, red
ladybug and an orangesalamander would tasteterrible if you ate them.These animals cant talk,
but they have ways oftelling potentialpredators to stay away!
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Io moth caterpillar
Ladybug
Salamander
Poison Dart Frog
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Porcupine
An Aphid squirtingchemicals
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Protective coloration, stripes
and spots Bright colors in
nature are oftenindicative of avenomous orpoisonous animal.
Red and black,Yellow and black,Orange and black,
and Yellow andBrown are warningcolors. Can youthink of other
animals with thesecolors?
The stripesin the eyeof this
Butterfly fishbreak up thepattern of thetrue eye.The black spots
on the backfins are falseeyes which areintended to lurepredators away
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Milkweed Moth caterpillar
4-eyed Milkweed Beetle
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Antlers and horns Some hoofed animals have
either horns or antlers. They
are used for protection, to
fight other males to gaindominance, and to impressthe ladies!
Deer, elk, and moose haveantlers, they are made of
bone and fall off in the late
winter.
Goats and sheep have horns
(they dont fall off). They are
made mostly of keratin, like
our fingernails!
Elk
Big Horn Sheep
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Being alert to their surroundings Many prey animals are
constantly checking out theirsurroundings for predators byusing their keen senses of
sight, hearing and smell. Theyfreeze in place makingthemselves difficult to detect;most mammal predators dontsee color well and they may
not see prey animals unlesstheir movement gives themaway.
Animals such as the rabbit anddeer can move their ears
independently to better detectpredators. Most prey animalshave their eyes on the side oftheir head in order to have awider field of view (but theygive up depth of field in theirvision).
White-tail Deer
Gray squirrel
Cottontail Rabbit
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ShellsSome animals areable to close
the soft parts oftheir bodyinside a shellfor defense.
Hermit crabsrecycle shellsof dead marinesnails. Theymust find a newone when they
outgrow the oldone.
Many seacreatures haveshells to protect
themselvesfrom beingeaten, dried outduring low tide,or from beingsmashed by the
poundingwaves.
Snail
Mussels and barnacles
Box TurtleHermit crab
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Safety in numbers
Animals often mass together in
flocks, herds, schools, etc. toprotect themselves from beingeaten.
The mass of fungus gnatlarvae moved together in alarge group to look like a smallsnake!
Bison and other herdinganimals protect themselves
and their young from predatorsby grouping together.
Fungus gnat larvae
Bison in Yellowstone NP
Pelicans and Sea gulls
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End of Presentation
http://EastTennesseeWildflowers.com
Kris Light (klight10@comcast.net)
http://easttennesseewildflowers.com/http://easttennesseewildflowers.com/
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