ancient egypt herodotus “egypt is the gift of the nile”
Post on 02-Jan-2016
241 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ANCIENT EGYPT
ANCIENT EGYPT
Herodotus“Egypt is the gift of the Nile”
ONLY “WONDER OF ANCIENT WORLD” THAT STILL EXISTS
•+100 STILL EXIST•WEST SIDE OF NILE
Step Pyramid “staircase to the stars”
Step Pyramid “staircase to the stars”
Red Pyramid
Red Pyramid
“Bent” Pyramid“Bent” Pyramid
481’ high2.3 million stones
Avg. weight of a stone - 2.5 tons20-30 years to build
GIZA “Great” Pyramid
GIZA “Great” Pyramid
The Valley of the Kings
+60 buried
The Valley of the Kings
+60 buried
VALLEY of the QUEENSVALLEY of the QUEENS
Temple of Queen
Hatshepsut
Temple of Queen
Hatshepsut
EGYPTIAN RELIGIONoPolytheism
oPharaohs = god• took form of “Horus” [“protector of Egypt”] when ruling
son of “Re” (Sun god)• took form of “Osiris” at death (“god of underworld”)
oat death, life weighed against “Feather of MAAT”MAAT – truth, justice, order, right living
provided “moral” baseo”KA” = “Eternal Spirit”Believed to continue ruling Egypt in afterlife“Ka” needed the physical body to survive in afterlifeMummies
MUMMIes•Anubis – god of embalming•removed all organs (Canopic Jars), except the heart•Felt heart controlled wisdom, knowledge, emotions (“CPU”)
--Why would Egyptians feel it was the heart and not the brain?
•70 days•“Hired Mourners”•“Opening of the Mouth” Cermonypriest touched mouth which restored the senses
beginning of “Journey to the Afterlife”
The heart beat differently when
emotions/thoughts changed
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 BC
Seti I1291-1278 BC Queen Tiye,
wife of Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Preparation for
the Afterlife
Preparation for
the Afterlife
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
EGYPTIAN UNDERWORLD
•“Heart of the Two Truths”Anubis weighed the heart (body’s dvd
recorder) against “feather of MAAT”Scarab beetle placed on heart to prevent it
from testifying against the person Chapter 30 from the Book of the Dead: “O my heart which I had upon earth, do not
rise up against me as a witness in the presence of the lord of things; do not speak against me concerning what I have done, do not bring up anything against me in the presence of the great god of the west...“
-if judged as sinner = “Devourer of Souls”•“Ankh”
sign of life
•“Book of the Dead””passport” through dangers of underworld”Solar Bark”
Menes: United EgyptMenes: United Egypt 3050 BC
3050 BC
BEGINNING OF FIRST DYNASTY
THEOCRACY
PHARAOH = GODResponsible for well-being
of Egypt
OLD KINGDOM “Pyramid Age”
Time: 2650 BC – 2150 BC # of dynasties 4
Accomplishments: Pyramid buildingStrong Central GovernmentStrong EconomyStronger ArtsMost peaceful time period
Egyptian history divided into 3 time periods:
Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom
1st ILLNESSTime: 2150 BC – 2040 BC # of dynasties: 4
Reason for collapse of Old Kingdom:1)Poor flooding of the Nile RiverPharaoh could not improvePower of pharaoh decreasedPower of Nomarchs increased
powerful nobles
Time: 2040 BC – 1640 BC # of dynasties: 3
Accomplishments: Pharaohs power -weakened nomarchs
Nile flooded betterRe-United Egypt
-Mentuhotep II (2nd founder)
Building CampaignStronger EconomyCommoners had afterlife
MIDDLE KINGDOM
Time: 1640 BC – 1550 BC # of dynasties: 4Reason for fall of Middle Kingdom:1)Invasion by Hyksos
allowed Pharaohs to continue rulingmore concerned with “Tribute”
a)bronzeb)war from chariotsc)better bow/arrowd)new spinning/weavinge)Nationalism
2nd ILLNESS
These helped strengthen and
“modernize” Ancient Egypt
Time: 1550 BC – 1070 BC # of dynasties: 12
Accomplishments: 1)King Ahmose kicked Hyksos out of Egypt2)Re-United Egypt3)Very militaristic4)Empire building5)Extreme wealth/prosperity6)Massive building campaign7)Pharaohs tombs placed in “Valley of the Kings”
NEW KINGDOM
Thutmose I -- 1520 BC – 1492 BCexpanded Egyptian borders”Hammer of the Nubians”
hung the Nubian king from prow of his ship
1st to have tomb in “Valley of the Kings”
Queen Hatshepsut – 1518 BC – 1484 BCfemale pharaoh (Sobeknefru – 1st)dressed like a man – wore beardincreased trade/economyavoided wartremendous building program
“NEW KINGDOM” PHARAOHS
Thutmose III – 1479 BC – 1425 BC”Napoleon of Egypt”Egyptian Empire reached its largestpierced ears
Akhenaton – 1352 BC – 1334 BC”Heretic King” – changed religion to monotheism
Aton was only godlooked like a femaleeverything associated with Akhenaton was destroyed after his death
“NEW KINGDOM” PHARAOHS
Tutankamen (King Tut) – 1333 BC – 1325 BC”Boy King” (age 9)Re-established polytheism1922 – Howard Carter found his tomb
Valley of the Kings”Curse of King Tut”
“NEW KINGDOM” PHARAOHS
“King Tut”
“King Tut”
Solid Gold2500 lbs
$13 million
Ramses II (“the Great) – 1279 BC – 1213 BCruled 67 years150 - 160 childrentremendous builder (Abu Simbel)consumed with his “legacy” (Master of Political Spin)-Battle of Kadesh (political spin)>v. Hittites (iron / 3 man chariots)>Official version – TIE>Ramses version – RAMSES WON-had monuments built inscribed with him winning-no contrary sourcesafter death, gradual decline of New Kingdom
overextended, revolts, immorality/corruption
“NEW KINGDOM” PHARAOHS
EGYPTIAN ACHIEVEMENTS
Medicine – Mummification
Irrigation
Calendar
Astrology – est. a form of “Poor Man’s Almanac”
Pyramids (Mathematics)
Hieroglyphics (wrote on Papyrus)
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols
Jean Francois
Champollion
Rosetta Stone
Jean Francois
Champollion
Rosetta Stone
Egyptian MathEgyptian Math
1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
What number is this?
EGYPTIAN SOCIETYLIFE EXPECTANCY >age 30
>living past 40 was rewarded by government
MARRIAGE >similar to our concept of marriage>kids died w/in 1st year (IMR = 60-70%)>children seen as a blessing if lived past 1 yr
EDUCATION >boys from wealthy families from ages 12-16>poor families followed job of dad>girls focused on home/family
BEAUTY >loved the body>facial hair = unclean>”perfume cones”
FOOD >fish, beer, bread, honey, peas, beans, onions, lettuce/cabbage, turnips, figs, grapes>little/to no beef – geography made it difficult
top related