anatomy muscles flashcards origins and insertions intended for entry level anatomy students

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards

Origins and Insertions

Intended for entry level anatomy students

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards

Origins and Insertions

Intended to be viewed as full-screen….

select full-screen, and use “Page Down” to scroll through individual “flashcards” !

Anatomy Muscles FlashcardsOrigins and Insertions

Note: Learn origins and insertions of each muscle well.

This is why the bony landmarks are so important.

Do not memorize the function of muscles !

Muscles contract only linearly.

Thus, to know the origin and insertion of a muscle is to know the function.

Note: Every muscle has a multitude of actions.

Listed are the primary actions of each muscle !

Presented in Three Parts:

I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen

II – Muscles of the upper extremity

III – Muscles of the lower extremity

Each card is a set of three:

The first asks to identify the muscle.

The next provides the clues.

The third gives the name of the muscle.

1. Identify this muscle and its action !

• Origin: margin of the orbit

• Insertion: eyelid & skin of face

• Action: closes eye, blink

• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis Oculi

• Origin: Maxilla and mandible

• Insertion: Fibers of the lips

• Action: Compresses lips

• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis oris

• Origin: Zygomatic bone

• Insertion: mandible

• Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)

• Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

• Origin: Zygomatic bone

• Insertion: mandible

• Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)

• Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

Masseter

• Origin: manubrium and clavicle• Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone• Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),

or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

• Origin: manubrium and clavicle• Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone• Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),

or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest• Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible• Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by

drawing it superiorly• Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

• Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest• Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible• Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by

drawing it superiorly• Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Platysma

• Origin: Inferior border of rib• Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib• Action: Elevates ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Hint: External intercostals run in the same direction as your fingers when you put your hands in your pockets

External Intercostals

• Origin: Superior border of inferior rib• Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib• Action: Depresses ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Hint: Internal intercostals run in the direction that your fingers run when you place your hands on your heart (i.e. deep and perpendicular to external intercostal muscles)

Internal Intercostals

Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage

Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.

Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.

Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

Respiratory Diaphragm

Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage

Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.

Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.

Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

• Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs• Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.

• Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs• Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.

External Oblique Abdominus

• Origin: Pubis

• Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process

• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen

• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

• Origin: Pubis

• Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process

• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen

• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Rectus abdominus

• Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae• Insertion: Clavicle and scapula• Action: elevation of scapulae• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Trapezius

• Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs

• Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle (humerus

(common insertion with teres major muscle).

• Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)

• Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs

• Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle of humerus

(common insertion with teres major muscle).

• Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)

Latissimus dorsi

Anterior view

I13. Identify this muscle and its action !

Anterior view

• Origin: Subscapular fossa

• Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)

• Action: Medial rotation of shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus

Anterior view

• Origin: Subscapular fossa

• Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)

• Action: Medial rotation of arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus

Subscapularis(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)

Anterior viewposterior view

• Origin: Supraspinous fossa

• Insertion: Greater tubercle

• Action: abduct arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus

• Origin: Supraspinous fossa

• Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)

• Action: abduct arm at shoulder

Supraspinatus(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)

• Origin: Infraspinous fossa

• Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder

• Origin: Infraspinous fossa

• Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder

Infraspinatus(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)

posterior view

• Origin: lateral border of scapula

• Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder

• Innervation: Axillary nerve

posterior view

• Origin: lateral border of scapula

• Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder

Teres Minor(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)

• Origin: clavicle and scapula

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

• Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder

(similar to supraspinatus)

• Origin: clavicle and scapula

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

• Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder

(similar to supraspinatus)

Deltoid

• Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum

• Action: flex arm at shoulder

• Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)

• Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum

• Action: flex arm at shoulder

• Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)

Pectoralis major

• Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)• Insertion: Radial tuberosity• Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow

(a two-joint muscle)• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

• Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)• Insertion: Radial tuberosity• Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow

(a two-joint muscle)• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps brachii

Anterior view

Posterior view

Anterior viewPosterior view20. Identify this muscle and its action !

• Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus

Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus

• Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)

• Action: Extend forearm at elbow

• Innervation: Radial nerve

Anterior viewPosterior view20. Identify this muscle and its action !

• Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus

Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus

• Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)

• Action: Extend forearm at elbow

• Innervation: Radial nerve

Triceps brachii

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal

• Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal

• Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals

• Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Median Nerve

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals

• Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Posterior view

Posterior view• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum

• Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera

• Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh

• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

Posterior view

Gluteus Maximus

• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum

• Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera

• Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh

• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

• Origin: iliac crest

• Insertion: Greater trochanter

• Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip

• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Medius

• Origin: iliac crest

• Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip

• Origin: Lateral surface of ilium

• Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip

• Origin: Lateral surface of ilium

• Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip

Gluteus Minimus

Posterior view

Posterior view• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

• Action: flex leg at knee

• Innervation: Tibial nerve

Posterior view• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

Semimembranosus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus

Semitendinosus

• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia

• Origin: ischial tuberosity

Biceps Femoris, Long-Head

• Origin: linea aspera

• Innervation: common fibular nerve

• Origin: linea aspera

• Innervation: common fibular nerve

Biceps Femoris, Short-Head

• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

• Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus

• Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee

• Innervation: Femoral nerve

• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

• Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus

• Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee

Sartorius

• Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris

• Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee

• Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine

• Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee

Rectus Femoris

• Origin: Intertrochanteric line

• Action: Extend leg at knee

• Origin: Intertrochanteric line

Vastus Medialis

• Origin: Greater trochanter

Vastus Lateralis

• Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur

Vastus Intermedius

• Origin: Femoral condyles

• Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon

• Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle

• Origin: Femoral condyles

• Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon

• Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle

Gastrocnemius

• Origin: tibia

• Insertion: 1st metatarsal

• Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot

• Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

• Origin: tibia

• Insertion: 1st metatarsal

• Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot

• Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis Anterior

Structures that you should study!

• Flexor and extensor retinacula (of wrist and ankle)Without these, muscle tendons would “bow-string” and

make it very difficult to perform their function.

This project was made possible by:

Rachel Uppgaard (Human Anatomy TA, 2007- present)

and artwork by

Jimmy Chue-mai Yang (TA, 2005-2006)

anatomy muscles flashcards origins and insertions intended for entry level anatomy students

function of muscles

left muscles

abdomenii muscles

muscles contract

upper extremityiii muscles

spinal accessory nerve

inferior clavicle

flexes head

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