anatomy, lecture 12, blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract (slides)
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8/8/2019 Anatomy, Lecture 12, Blood Supply of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Slides)
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Blood Supply of the
Gastrointestinal Tract
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1. Celiac Artery
The lower one third of the
esophagus to the middle
of the second part of the
duodenum
very short 12th thoracic vertebra
surrounded by the celiac
plexus
behind the lesser sac of
peritoneum. branches:
the left gastric, splenic,
and hepatic arteries
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a. Left Gastric Artery
runs to the cardiac
end of the stomach
esophageal branches
along the lessercurvature of the
stomach.
It anastomoses with
the right gastric
artery
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b. Splenic Artery
runs to the left in a wavy
course
along the upper border of
the pancreas
behind the stomach.
Branches
Pancreatic branchesleft gastroepiploic artery
short gastric arteries
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The left gastroepiploic artery
near the hilum of the spleen
reaches the greater curvature of
the stomach in the gastrosplenic
omentum. along the greater curvature of
the stomach between the layers
of the greater omentum.
It anastomoses with the right
gastroepiploic artery
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The short gastric arteries
five or six in number
arise from the end of
the splenic artery and
reach the fundus of
the stomach in the
gastrosplenic
omentum.
They anastomose with
the left gastric artery
and the leftgastroepiploic artery
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c. Hepatic Artery
runs forward and to the right
and then ascends
At the porta hepatis it divides
into right and left branches to
supply the corresponding
lobes of the liver.
Branches:
The right gastric artery
The gastroduodenal arteryThe right and left hepatic
arteries
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Branches of the Hepatic
The right gastric artery
arises from the hepatic
artery at the upper border
of the pylorus
runs to the left along thelesser curvature of the
stomach
It anastomoses with the left
gastric artery
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The Gastroduodenal artery
descends behind the first part of
the duodenum
divides into:
right Gastroepiploic artery runsalong the greater curvature of the
stomach
superior pancreaticoduodenal
artery descends between the
second part of the duodenum and
the head of the pancreas .
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The right and left hepatic
arteries
enter the porta hepatis.
The right hepatic artery
usually gives off the cysticartery,
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2. Superior Mesenteric Artery
The middle of the second part of
the duodenum as far as the
distal third of the transverse
colon.
runs downward and to the rightbehind the neck of the pancreas
and in front of the third part of
the duodenum.
continues downward to the
right ends by anastomosing with the
ileal branch of its own ileocolic
branch
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Branches:
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal
artery
passes to the right
along the upper border of thethird part of the duodenum and
the head of the pancreas.
It supplies the pancreas and the
adjoining part of the duodenum.
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The middle colic artery
runs forward in the
transverse mesocolon
supply the transversecolon
divides into right and
left branches
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The right colic artery
is often a branch of the
ileocolic artery.
It passes to the right
supply the ascending
colon
divides into ascending and
descending branches
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The ileocolic artery
passes downward and to theright.
superior branch
anastomoses with the right
colic artery
inferior branch anastomoseswith superior mesenteric
artery.
The inferior branch gives rise
to the anterior and posterior
cecal arteries the appendicular artery is a
branch of the posterior cecal
artery
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The jejunal and ileal
branches
12 to 15in number
arise from the left side of
the superior mesenteric
branching and
anastomosis( arcades).
Fewer arcades supply the
jejunum than supply the
ileum.
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3. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
The distal one
third of the
transverse colon to
halfway down the
anal canal. runs downward
and to the left
crosses the left
common iliac
artery (becomes
the superior rectal
artery
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Branches
The left colic artery
runs upward and to the left
distal third of the
transverse colon, the left
colic flexure, and the upper
part of the descending
colon
ascending and descending
branches.
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The sigmoid arteries
two or three in
number
descending andsigmoid colon
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The superior rectal artery
continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery as it crosses the left
common iliac artery
the rectum and upper half of the anal canal
anastomoses with the middle rectal and inferior rectal arteries.
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***Marginal Artery
The anastomosis of the colic arteries
ileocecal junction -------- superior rectal
artery
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Venous Drainage
drains to the liver by the portal venous system.
The proximal tributaries drain directly into the portal vein
distal tributaries correspond to the branches of the celiac artery and the
superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
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Hepatic Portal Vein
drains lower third of the esophagus to halfway down the analcanal
enters the liver and breaks up into sinusoids
The portal vein is about 2 in. (5 cm) union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the neck
of the pancreas
ascends to the right, behind the first part of the duodenum, and
enters the lesser omentum.
begins as a capillary plexus and ends as a capillary plexsus
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Tributaries of the PortalVein
1. Splenic vein: leaves the
hilum of the spleen and
passes to the right in the
splenicorenal ligament
unites with the superiormesenteric vein behind
the neck of the pancreas
to form the portal vein
receives the short gastric, left
gastroepiploic, inferior
mesenteric, and
pancreatic veins.
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2. Inferior mesenteric vein:
ascends on the posterior
abdominal wall and
joins the splenic vein
receives the superiorrectal veins, the sigmoid
veins, and the left colic
vein.
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3. Superior mesenteric vein:
ascends in the root of the
mesentery
passes in front of the 3rd part of
the duodenum
joins the splenic vein
receives the jejunal, ileal,
ileocolic, right colic, middle colic,
inferior pancreaticoduodenal,
and right gastroepiploic veins
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4. Left gastric vein
drains the left portion of the
lesser curvature of the
stomach and the distal
part of the esophagus.
5. Right gastric vein: drains
the right portion of thelesser curvature of the
stomach
6. Cystic veins
drain the gallbladder directly
into the liver or join theportal vein
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