anatomical terms & body cavities unit 1 lesson 2
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Anatomical Terms & Body Cavities
Unit 1 Lesson 2
Guiding Question:• What are the anatomical and directional terms I
need to know in A & P?
Section 4: Anatomical Terms
• Landmarks around the body create a map for orientation
• Based on Latin or Greek words used by ancient anatomists
• Many terms also were initially named after the discoverer or the most famous victim (diseases)
Superficial and regional anatomy
• Anatomical position– Standing up– Hands at the sides– Palms facing forward– Feet together
– Laying down in anatomical position• Supine (face up)• Prone (face down)
Figure 1.9 1
Cranial
Posterioror dorsal
Anterioror ventral
Caudal
The principal directional terms
Superior
Inferior
Right Left
Proximal
Lateral Medial
Proximal
Distal
Distal
Relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body: Anterior Anterior = In front of;
toward the head or front surface of an organ
PosteriorPosterior = In back of; toward the tail or back surface of an organ
DorsalDorsal =At the back side of the human body
VentralVentral = At the belly side of the human body
Front/Back
Relative to the head or tail of the body: SuperiorSuperior = above
(means upper) InferiorInferior = below
(means lower)
Head/Toe
Relative to the midline or center of the body: MedialMedial = Toward the
midline of the body LateralLateral = Away from
the midline of the body DeepDeep = On the inside,
underneath the surface SuperficialSuperficial = On the
outside or surface of the body
Inside/Outside
Relative to point of attachment of the appendage: ProximalProximal =
Closest to point of attachment to trunk
DistalDistal = Furthest from point of attachment to trunk
Close To/Far Away
The human body is partitioned into two main regions, called the axial and appendicular regions. the axial regionaxial region includes the head,
neck, and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body
Our limbs, or appendages, attach to the body’s axis and make up the appendicular regionappendicular region
Body Regions
Body Cavities: Dorsal SideCranial CavityCranial Cavity
Houses the Brain
Vertebral CanalVertebral CanalHouses the Spinal Cord
Body Cavities: Ventral Side
Thoracic CavityThoracic CavityChest region
Abdominopelvic CavityAbdominopelvic CavityAbdominal CavityPelvic Cavity
Body Cavities: Thoracic(Anterior View)
Plural CavitiesPlural Cavities: houses the lungs
Pericardial CavityPericardial Cavity: houses the heart
Answer the guiding question
Add your notes to your table of contents!
We’re Done!
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