anat321demoreview lab rev1234 2009
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ANAT 321
REVIEW
LABORATORY
(slides created by Emma Duerden, M.Sc.)
NEUROANATOMY LAB
GENERAL INFORMATION
• Lab exam is in slide format
ANAT 321
• 50% material will be from the labs, and the other 50% will be myelin stained sections
• Quiz available on MACSS website
• Neuroanatomy websites:– Digital anatomist:
• http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/da.html– The Human Brain: Dissections of the Real Brain
• http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BrainAnatomy/BrainAnatomy.html
– Neuroanatomy and neuropathology on the Internet • www.neuropat.dote.hu/
• These slides created by Emma Duerden, M.Sc.
Neuroanatomy Websites
ANAT 321NEUROANATOMY LAB
REVIEW LABS 1 & 2
• Lab 1– Dorsal and ventral views of the brainstem– Medulla – Pons– Midbrain – Cranial nerves
• Lab 2 – Dorsal views of the brainstem– Transected midbrain– Sagittal sections
REVIEW LABS 3 & 4
• Lab 3– Cerebral vasculature– Meninges– Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) production– Hemispheric anatomy
• Lateral and medial views
• Lab 4 – Basal ganglia
• Coronal and horizontal views
BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN
medulla
pons
midbrain
BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN
medulla
pons
midbrain
Cerebral peduncleCN 3
CN 5CN 6
Pyramid
CN 9
CN 8CN 7
CN 10
Inferior olive
Internal capsule – cerebral peduncles - pyramids
Cerebral peduncles
Internal capsule
pyramids
BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN
medulla
pons
midbrain
BRAINSTEM VENTRAL VIEW MIDBRAIN
medulla
pons
midbrain
Cerebral peduncleCN 3
CN 5CN 6
Pyramid
CN 9CN 8
CN 7
CN 10Inferior olive
REVIEW: LAB 1
• Question– Which cranial nerve
exits superior to the pyramids at the level of the pons?
• Answer– The CN6
BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum
BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum
Superior colliculus
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
4th ventricle
inferior colliculus
REVIEW: LAB 1
• Question– Which cranial nerves lies behind
inferior olives?
• Answer– CN 9 &10
REVIEW: LAB 1
• Question– What is the relationship between the
cerebral peduncles and the pyramids?
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
thalamus
septum pellicudum
Anterior commissure
Lamina terminalis
mamillary body
optic chiasm
aqueduct
4th ventricle
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
3rd ventricle
fornix
Corpus callosum
hypothalamus
infundibulum
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
3rd ventricle
thalamus
4th ventricle
fornix
Corpus callosum
septum pellucidum
Anterior commissureLamina terminalishypothalamus
hypothalamic sulcus
mamillary body
infundibulum
Optic chiasm
Foramen of Monroe
REVIEW: LAB 2
• Be sure that you understand the shape of the fornix
• Answer– The fornix is a white
matter fiber intra-hemispheric structure that connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies
hippocampi
BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum
BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellumSuperior colliculus
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
4th ventricle
Medial geniculate nucleus
Pulvinarinferior colliculus
brachium
BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellum
BRAINSTEM DORSAL VIEW w/ out cerebellumSuperior colliculus
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Nucleus cuneatus
4th ventricle
inferior colliculus
brachium
Pulvinar
REVIEW: LAB 1 & 2
• Which cerebellar penduncle connects the pons to the cerebellum?
• Answer– The cerebellum is attached to the
pons through the middle cerebellar peduncle
TRANSECTED MIDBRAIN
TRANSECTED MIDBRAIN
Cerebral aqueduct
Substantia nigra
Cerebral peduncles
Red nucleus
Cerebral Vasculature
Internal carotid artery
Anterior blood supply
Posterior blood supply
Vertebral artery
Cerebral Vasculature
Posterior communicating artery
Cerebral Vasculature
Superior cerebellar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Vertebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
REVIEW: LAB 3 & 4
• Identify:– Anterior
communicating artery – internal carotid artery– Middle cerebral artery
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
REVIEW: LAB 3 & 4
• Identify:– Anterior
communicating artery – internal carotid artery– Middle cerebral artery
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
Cerebral Vasculature
Posterior communicating artery
Cerebral Vasculature
Superior cerebellar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Internal carotid artery
Vertebral arteries
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Meninges
Name the 3 layers of the meninges
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Meninges
Identify:
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
Meninges
Identify:
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
Meninges Arachnoid Granulations
http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BrainAnatomy/2Meninges.html
Arachnoid granulations
Dura outer layer
Dura inner layer
Meninges
Identify:
- Sagittal sinus
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
Meninges
Identify:
- Sagittal sinus
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
Meninges
Meninges
Arachnoid granulations
Arachnoid mater
Meninges CSF production review
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESSAGITTAL VIEW
Calcarine fissure
Parieto-occipital fissure
cuneus
Lingual gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
uncus
Parahippocampal gyrusCourtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW
Lateral sulcusTemporal
lobe
Frontal lobe
Pre-occipital notch
Parieto-occipital fissure
Central sulcus
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW
Central sulcus
Inferior temporal gyrus
superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
Post central gyrus
precentral gyrus
Lateral sulcus
inferior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
Superior frontal gyrus
superior parietal lobule
Inferior parietal lobule
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW
• Locate Heschl’s gyrus
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESLATERAL VIEW • Locate frontal and parietal
opercula
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
REVIEW: LAB 3
• What sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobes?
• Answer– The lateral sulcus
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
REVIEW: LAB 3
• What gyrus lies inferior to the calcarine sulcus?
• Answer– The lingual gyrus
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
REVIEW: LAB 4
• What structures comprise the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen (lateral)
Globus pallidus (medial)
anterior
posterior
HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
Caudate nucleus
Lateral ventricles
Corpus callosum
anterior
posterior
Thalamus
Corpus callosum
fornix
Septum pellucidum
Internal capsule
Extreme capsule
External capsule
Claustrum
insula Putamen
Anterior limb
genu
Posterior limb
HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
anterior
posterior
BASAL GANGLIAHORIZONTAL SECTIONS
anterior
posterior
Fornix
Internal capsule
Posterior limbinsula
Anterior limb
HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS
Septum pellucidum
Caudate nucleus
Corpus callosum
anterior
posterior
HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS
Lateral ventricles
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Septum pellucidum
anterior
posterior
Insula anterior limb
posterior limb
genu
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Internal capsule
HEMISPHERESHORIZONTAL SECTIONS
fornix
HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS
Caudate nucleus
putamen
Internal capsule
External capsule
extreme capsule
clastrum
insula
Globus pallidus
Lateral ventricleSeptum pellucidum
fornix
hypothalamus
3rd ventricle
HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
HEMISPHERESCORONAL SECTIONS
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Internal capsule
External capsule
Extreme capsule
ClastrumInsula
Globus pallidus
Lateral ventricle (body)
Septum pellucidum
3rd ventriclehippocampusLateral ventricle
Corpus callosum
Caudate nucleus (tail)
Fornix
Thalamus
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
REVIEW: LAB 4
• Identify:– Globus pallidus– Putamen– Third ventricle
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
REVIEW: LAB 4
• Identify:– Globus pallidus– Putamen– Third ventricle
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
REVIEW: LAB 4
• What structures does the posterior limb of the internal capsule separate?
• Answer: – The thalamus and
globus pallidus
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
QUIZ
A
B
C
D
Answer Key
– A: CN 3– B: Pons– C:CN 6– D: CN 12
A
B
C
D
Answer Key
– A: cerebral aqueduct– B: substantia nigra – C: cerebral peduncle– D: red nucleus
A
B
C
D
E
Answer Key
– A: brachium of the inferior colliculus– B: superior cerebellar penduncle– C: inferior cerebellar peduncle– D: nucleus cuneatus– E: inferior colliculus
AB
C
D
E
Answer Key
– A: septum pellucidum– B: fornix– C: fourth ventricle– D: hypothalamic sulcus– E: lamina terminalis
AB
C
D
Answer Key
– A: superior colliculus– B: inferior colliculus– C: nucleus gracilis– D: pulvinar
E
B
C
D
A
Answer Key
– A: corpus callosum– B: extreme capsule– C: globus pallidus– D: claustrum– E: caudate nucleus
A
B
C
D
E
Answer Key
– A: lateral ventricle– B: fornix– C: posterior limb of internal capsule– D: caudate nucleus– E: insula
A
B
C
D
E
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
Answer Key
– A: anterior communicating artery– B: posterior communicating artery– C: superior cerebellar artery– D: vertebral artery– E: anterior cerebral artery
A
B C
D
E
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
Answer Key
– A: cingulate gyrus – B: fornix– C: parahippocampal gyrus– D: cuneus– E: parieto-occipital fissure
A
B
C
D
E
Courtesy of Digital Anatomist Project at Univ. of Washington
Answer Key
– A: internal carotid artery– B: superior cerebellar artery– C: posterior inferior cerebellar artery– D: superior cerebellar artery – E: vertebral artery
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