an iter-tbm experimental thrust for renew themes iii and iv
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An ITER-TBM Experimental Thrust for ReNeW Themes III and IV
Neil B. Morley, Mohamed Abdou, Alice Ying (UCLA);
Mohamed Sawan, Jake Blanchard (UW);
Clement Wong (GA);
Brad J. Merrill, Pattrick Calderoni (INL)
Yutai Katoh (ORNL)
ReNeW Theme III and IV Workshops
UCLA March 2-6, 2009
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The biggest Gap to DEMO is…
…the Fusion Nuclear Science and Technology (FNST) capability needed to harness fusion power
All the components and technologies from the edge of the plasma to the magnets
And the systems that support the power extraction and fuel cycle
The most important priority for the US, other than ITER, must be a strong, coordinated program on FNST with all its elements: PeX, PFC, Blanket, Materials, Fuel Cycle, RAMI, and Safety
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3
Theory/Modeling/Database
BasicSeparateEffects
MultipleInteractions
PartiallyIntegrated
Integrated
Property Measurement
Phenomena Exploration
Non-Fusion Facilities
A Framework for Fusion Nuclear Science and Technology Development
Design Codes, Predictive Cap.
Component
•Fusion Env. Exploration•Concept Screening•Performance Verification
Design Verification & Reliability Data
Testing in Fusion Facilities
(non neutron test stands, fission reactors and accelerator-based neutron sources, plasma physics devices)
Experiments in non-fusion facilities are essential and are prerequisites
Testing in Fusion Facilities is NECESSARY to uncover new phenomena, validate the science, establish engineering feasibility, and develop components
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Three Three Stages of FNST Testing in Fusion FacilitiesAre Required Prior to DEMO
• Initial exploration of coupled, prompt, phenomena in fusion environment
• Screen and narrow blanket design concepts
• Develop test methods and diagnostic capabilities
• Establish engineering feasibility of blankets (satisfy basic functions & performance, up to 10 to 20 % of lifetime)
• Principles of tritium self-sufficiency
• Select 2 or 3 concepts for further development
• Failure modes, effects, and rates and mean time to replace/fix components (for random failures and planned outage)
• Iterative design / test / fail / analyze / improve programs aimed at reliability growth and safety
• Verify design and predict availability of FNT components in DEMO
Sub-Modules/Modules
Stage I
Fusion “Break-in” & Scientific Exploration
Stage II Stage III
Engineering Feasibility & Performance
Verification
Component Engineering Development &
Reliability Growth
Modules Modules/Sectors
D E M O
1 - 3 MW-y/m2 > 4 - 6 MW-y/m2
0.5 MW/m2, burn > 200 s 1-2 MW/m2
steady state or long burnCOT ~ 1-2 weeks
1-2 MW/m2
steady state or long burnCOT ~ 1-2 weeks
0.1 - 0.3 MW-y/m2
Where to do Stages I, II, and III?
Why do “Fusion Break-in” experiments in ITER?
1. ITER will provide the first such integrated magnetic confinement fusion environment
2. ITER has a FNST testing capability and supporting systems built into the machine – three mid-plane ports, hot cells, remote handling, heat rejection, tritium systems, control systems... (already paid for!!)
3. The ITER test module size, neutron flux, magnetic field and pulse length are all significant and well suited for fusion break-in experiments
4. ITER is less dependent on the successful function of these first-of-a-kind blanket experiments, reducing the bootstrap problem of requiring the successful operation of the very components that are being tested.
5. Good synergy and a basis for collaboration/cost sharing among the international community for scoping of the many blanket concept, configuration, materials choices
6. Advance the US primary blanket option, the Dual Coolant Lead Lithium (DCLL) blanket, which is not being tested by any other party
7. Help Congress understand how “ITER is promoting progress toward fusion as a reliable and affordable source of power”
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ITER Provides Substantial Hardware Capabilities for Testing of Blanket System
Equatorial Port Plug Assy.
TBM Assy
Port Frame
ITER has allocated 3 ITER equatorial ports (1.75 x 2.2 m2) for TBM testing
Each port can accommodate only 2 Modules (i.e. 6 TBMs at a time, with competition for Space (EU and China requesting full ports, all other parties except the US requesting half-port)
Hot cell, remote handling, heat and tritium sinking, control equipment, power, atmosphere, …
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TBM experiments involve a whole TBM System
“Prompt” behavior and phenomena in the testing module
System wide responses and functions – power and tritium extraction
TBM
AEU
He pipes to main He blowers
PbLi loop
Bio-shield
VV Port Extension
TBM Port Frame
What are the possible concerns?
Is TBM really a part of ITER?
Yes, ITER-TBM has been planned for many years and is approved by the ITER Council
ITER Operation Schedule
Version as of 2 years
Ago, new version in development
Concerns: What can be tested in ITER?
– The ITER test module size, NWL, magnetic field and pulse length are all significant
• Especially the combined strong, spatially complex, nuclear heating and magnetic field important for liquid metal breeder blankets
– “Prompt” phenomena that reach near steady state during the ITER burn (minutes to an hour)
• Tritium/heating profiles• First wall surface temp• MHD thermofluid behavior• Thermomechanical state and temperature profiles
– Cyclic equilibrium over many pulses• Tritium concentration and permeation• Corrosion and activated product transport• Impact of early life radiation damage in ceramic insulators
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0 200 400T im e , s
360
400
440
480
520
Pulse Flat Top
Tra
nsi
t ti
me
PbLi
FCI
Fe
ITER Pulse Time, s
DC
LL
Tem
per
autu
re,
C
DCLL TBM rear channel temperature
Temperature reaches steady state in about 1 PbLi transit time through
the module
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Example: Interaction between MHD flow and FCI behavior are highly coupled and require fusion environment
• PbLi flow is strongly influenced by MHD interaction with plasma confinement field and buoyancy-driven convection driven by spatially non-uniform volumetric nuclear heating
• Temperature and thermal stress of SiC FCI are determined by this MHD flow and convective heat transport processes
• Deformation and cracking of the FCI depend on FCI temperature and thermal stress coupled with early-life radiation damage effects in ceramics
• Cracking and movement of the FCIs will strongly influence MHD flow behavior by opening up new conduction paths that change electric current profiles
Simulation of 2D MHD turbulence in PbLi
flow
FCI temperature, stress and deformation
Similarly, coupled phenomena in tritium permeation, corrosion, ceramic breeder
thermomechanics, and many other blanket and material behaviors
Concerns: Isn’t an ITER-TBM program too costly?
− Why are we doing ReNeW? Why are we talking about FNF?− The R&D, predictive capabilities, and test facilities needed to prepare
for, license, and interpret integrated fusion environment experiments in ITER are the same as those needed to reinvigorate the US FNST program, and are the same as will be needed for any fusion environment testing and tritium breeding enabling technology development.
− If we accept we need to do the basic FNST R&D and need a strong FNST program, then cost is really a modest increment the cost of the modules (a few $M each), the one time cost of the cooling
loops (~$10M), and the cost of the PIE
− Different lead/collaborate options with other Parties are also possible at different cost , timing, and commitment levels
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Concerns: Why not wait for FNF? (CTF/FDF/VNS)
− ITER is under construction and paid for.− Get multiple data-sets from different machines− Save FNF operating time (and significant cost) from early
screening in collaboration with all ITER parties− Learn from ITER (R&D and testing) to enable a better
FNF to meet its high availability requirements− Switch to FNF if/when available – not much could be
considered wasted
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Visions of a ITER-TBM thrust for the US
The US should actively participate in the international ITER-TBM program. Two Main Possibilities
1. Advocate a strong leadership role in ITER-TBM for the US, and then use it as a driver for immediate and essential FNST R&D– Thrust would include a strong, coordinated R&D effort with near term
milestones
2. Partner with other parties on different TBMs and contribute software and hardware specific to the US technical interests− Thrust would have a flexible cost and timing, but requires near term
R&D be supported in some other way
− One example idea: partner on another PbLi blanket concept, and contribute a DT module based on the DCLL concept
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