all about perfumes

All about PERFUMES

Parfumes are one of the most difficult accessories to define and to pin down , the reason being that they are such a personal choice and have so many elusive qualities. Even though perfumes are expensive (for both men and women), they are well worth the money , as they can conjure up a host of feelings and be a pleasant experience for both the wearer thereof, as well the people close to the person wearing the perfume.

INTRODUCTION

Perfume is thousands of years old Word "perfume" comes from the Latin per fume "through smoke". A mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a pleasant smell.

HISTORY The Egyptians were the first to incorporate perfume into their culture followed by the ancient Chinese, Hindus, Israelites, Arabs,

Greeks, and Romans.

Perfume In Arab

• Perfume use in daily life

• Muslims used amber musk and roses

• Religious aspect

•Nowdays top brands often select and create the best scents on the market. They’re classy, unmistakable and will sweep you, or the object of your affection, off your feet.

Top 5 Best Perfumes 2014 

Men

Women

 5. Million by Paco Rabbane

4.  The One by Dolce & Gabbana

3. Spicebomb by Viktor & Rolf

2.  Tobacco Vanille by Tom Ford

1.  Gucci Pour Homme By Gucci 

 5: Chanel No.

4. Gucci by Gucci

3. Pure poison from Dior

2. Donna Karan Cashmere Mist

1. Forbidden Euphoria Calvin Klein

CONTENTS OF

PERFUMES

SECRET !!!

Applying fragrances

Aromatics sources

Bark Flowers & blossomsFruits Leaves & twigs Resin Roots, rhizomes & bulbsSeeds Woods

Plant sources

Ambergris Castoreum Civet Hyraceum Honey comb Deer musk

Animal sources

Animal Products• Some perfume ingredients are animal

products. For example, castor comes from beavers, musk from male deer, and ambergris from the sperm whale.

• Animal substances are often used as fixatives that enable perfume to evaporate slowly and emit odors longer.

• Alcohol and sometimes water are used to dilute ingredients in perfumes.

Calone - imparts a fresh ozonous metallic marine scent Linalool and coumarin - synthesized from terpenes White musk

Synthetic sources

MOST COMMON CHEMICALS IN THIRTY-ONE FRAGRANCE PRODUCTS [BASED ON

A] 1991 EPA STUDY  

ACETONE BENZELDEHYDE

BENZYL ACETATE

BENZYL ALCOHOL

CAMPHOR

LIMONENE

METHYLENE

CHLORIDE

ETHANOL

ETHYL ACETAT

E

LINALOOL

a-PINENE 

g-TERPINENE 

a-TERPINEOL 

• 400 plant and 5 animal matters are used for perfume making

• Then alcohol is mixed with the oils in different ratios

Perfume Manufacturing

• Many oils are extracted usually from plants through the following methods:

Collection Steam Distillation Solvent Extraction Effleurage Maceration Expression

Perfume Manufacturing

Collection

2. Steam Distillation:

• Passage of steam, produces oil gas

• The gas is then sent to cooled tubes and is liquefied

• A lot of flowers for a very small amount of the oil

Perfume Manufacturing

Steam Distillati

on

Steam Distillation

Solvent Extraction

3. Solvent Extraction:Perfume Manufacturing

Rotation of flowers in

a container

Produces a waxy

material

Evaporation of

alcohol

Waxy substance

into alcohol

Addition of a solvent

Oil of higher concentratio

n

3. Solvent Extraction:Perfume Manufacturing

4. Effleurage:

• The flowers are spread over glass sheets with grease on it

• The grease absorbs the fragrance

• Cold effleurage• Warm effleurage

Perfume Manufacturing

Enfleurage

Maceration

Perfume Manufacturing5. Maceration:

What Is Maceration??

• A lot similar to enfleurage

• Instead it uses warm fats dissolved in alcohol

• Very much same as the solvent extraction also

Expression

6. Expression:• The simplest of all, used on citrus plants, their flowers

and peels

• Manual extraction

• Steel Pick Expression• ‘Through Sponge’ Expression

Perfume Manufacturing

Hypercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oils for Perfume Making: A Modern

Way of Oil Extraction

8. Hypercritical CO2 Extraction:

• A new way of extraction of oils

• An expensive way though

• CO2 is used in this method

Perfume Manufacturing

Hypercritical CO2 Extraction

Flow Sheet

Adverse effects of perfume

• Feeling of elegance comes from perfumes. Perfumes and fragrances are used to scent wide variety of body and bath products such as cologne, deodorant, after shave lotions, hair care products etc. But do you know that these wonderful perfumes can be dangerous for you? Here are some side effects and problems caused due to perfumes

Skin problems CarcinogenicityAggravate lung disease.Affect the brain as wellCause instant headaches, dizziness, nausea and mood swings.Sinus, watery eyes, inability to focus mentally etc. Absorbed by the skin and introduced into the blood stream.

NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS :

• They modify brain blood flow, alter blood pressure, pulse, and mood and trigger migraine headaches.

• Musk ambrette, used for decades, was found to be neurotoxic

• Several common fragrances, when inhaled, have potent sedative effects.

•  CNS disorders also include Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

• Fragrances are volatile compounds and are constantly released into the air. The widespread use and vast number of fragranced products cause extensive indoor and outdoor pollution.

• They are persistent and accumulate in different compartments of the environment.

PRECAUTIONS

• Donot use perfume oil internally

• If you have a highly sensitive skin, please consult with a physician before use

• Before applying any perfume or body oils to the skin, always test a small area of skin for any adverse reactions.

• Use caution when using perfume oil products that contain citrus oils. They can irritate sensitive skin.

•  People with high blood pressure should avoid the more stimulating essential oils, such as basil, rosemary and thyme.

•  People with low blood pressure should avoid the more sedating essential oils, such as clary sage, ylang ylang and lavender.

•  People with asthma should avoid using essential oils.

•  Keep perfume oil out of the reach of pets and children.

The next time you want to use your favorite perfume

Think a minute!!!

The Future• Aromatherapy—smelling oils and fragrances to

cure physical and emotional problems—is being revived to help balance hormonal and body energy. Smelling sweet smells also affects one's mood and can be used as a form of psychotherapy.Like aromatherapy, more research is being conducted to synthesize human perfume—that is, the body scents we produce to attract or repel other humans. Humans, like other mammals, release pheromones to attract the opposite sex. New perfumes are being created to duplicate the effect of pheromones and stimulate sexual arousal receptors in the brain. Not only may the perfumes of the future help people cover up "bad" smells, they could improve their physical and emotional well-being as well as their sex lives.

THANK YOU