alcohol & drugs supervisor (drugs). warning signs of substance abuse excessive...
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Alcohol & drugs
Supervisor (drugs)
Warning signs of substance abuse
Excessive absences/tardiness
Frequent requests for time off
Numerous accidents
1a
Warning signs of substance abuse
Pattern of accidents
Noticeable increase in medical insurance claims
1b
Warning signs of substance abuse
Unsatisfactory work performance
Lack of concentration/decreased productivity after lunch/breaks
Long lunch hours
1c
Warning signs of substance abuse
Non-work-related visits from other employees/strangers
Frequent trips to restroom/water fountain
1d
Warning signs of substance abuse
Frequent visits to vehicle/parking lot
Drowsiness, slurred speech, lack of coordination, inability to concentrate, nausea
1e
Warning signs of substance abuse
Agitation, rapid or slurred speech, dizziness, dilated pupils
Bloodshot eyes, runny nose
Drastic weight changes
1f
Warning signs of substance abuse
Marked change in mood, attitude, and behavior
Deterioration in personal grooming/hygiene
1g
Warning signs of substance abuse
Wearing sunglasses and long-sleeved shirts at inappropriate times
Frequent need to borrow money
Avoidance of supervisors
1h
Regulatory requirements
Section 382.307
Section 382.603
2a
Regulatory requirements
Suspicion must be based on specific, contemporaneous, articulable observations concerning appearance, behavior, speech, or body odors
2b
Regulatory requirements
May include the chronic and withdrawal effects of controlled substances
Only one supervisor or company official is required to make the observations
2c
Regulatory requirements
May require a driver to submit to a drug test at any time reasonable suspicion exists while the driver is on duty
2d
Regulatory requirements
A written and signed record of observations must be completed within 24 hours of the observed behavior or before the results are released, whichever is first
2e
Symptoms of drug use
Eyes/facial expression Speech Body movements/coordination Behavior Other
3
Approaching a driver
Explain your concern
Require the driver to go for both alcohol and drug testing
4a
Approaching a driver
Explain that based on regulations and observations that the driver must be evaluated
Explain that a short health assessment will be done
4b
Approaching a driver
Do not allow the driver to drive
Driver should be accompanied by company official
4c
Additional approaches/difficult situations
Becomes defensive/denies your comments
Talks non-stop
Cries
5a
Additional approaches/difficult situations
Remains silent
Aggressive/belligerent
Uncooperative
5b
Marijuana
Alters the brain’s interpretation of incoming messages
6a
Marijuana
Leaves
Seeds
Hashish
Smells like a combination of sweet alfalfa and incense
6b
Signs and symptoms of marijuana use
Reddened eyes
Slowed speech
Distinctive odor on clothing
Lackadaisical attitude
7a
Signs and symptoms of marijuana use
Chronic fatigue/lack of motivation
Irritating cough
Chronic sore throat
7b
Health effects of marijuana use
Irritates lungs
One joint = ½ to 1 pack of cigarettes
Causes the heart to race
8a
Health effects of marijuana use
Respiratory and sinus infections
Lowers body’s immune system
Changes brain cells and brain waves
8b
Effects of marijuana on pregnancy
Stillborn births
Early termination of pregnancy
Higher infant mortality rate
Underweight newborn babies
9
Effects of marijuana on mental function
Delayed decision making
Diminished coordination
Impaired short-term memory
Impaired signal detection
10a
Impaired tracking
Erratic cognitive function
Distortion in time estimation
“Acute brain syndrome”
10b
Effects of marijuana on mental function
Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana
Aggressive urges
Anxiety
Confusion
11a
Fearfulness
Hallucinations
Heavy sedation
11b
Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana
Immobility
Mental dependency
Panic
11c
Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana
Paranoid reaction
Unpleasant distortions in body image
11d
Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana
Marijuana’s impact on the workplace
Long term effect on performance
12
Cocaine
Used medically as an anesthetic
Energizes the entire central nervous system
13a
Cocaine
Fine powder
Small crystalline rock (“rock, crack, free base”)
13b
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
Financial problems
Frequent/extended absences
Increased physical activity and fatigue
14a
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
Isolation and withdrawal
Secretive behaviors
14b
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
Frequent non-business visitors, delivered packages, phone calls
Unusual defensiveness, anxiety, agitation
14c
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
Wide mood swings
Runny or irritated nose
Difficulty concentrating
14d
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
Dilated pupils and visual impairment
Restlessness
Sensation of bugs crawling on skin
14e
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
High blood pressure, heart palpitations, irregular rhythm
Hallucinations
14f
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
Hyperexcitability and overreaction to stimulus
Insomnia
Paranoia
14g
Signs and symptoms of cocaine use
Profuse sweating
Dry mouth
Talkativeness
14h
Health effects of cocaine use
Regular use may upset the brain’s chemical balance
15a
Causes the heart to beat faster
Strong psychological dependency
15b
Health effects of cocaine use
Cocaine’s impact on the workplace
Instability
Lapses in attention
Theft/dealing
16a
Cocaine’s impact on the workplace
Violent behavior
Forgetfulness, absenteeism, tardiness, missed assignments
16b
Opiates
Alleviate pain
Depress body functions and reactions
Strong euphoric feeling
17a
Opiates
Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Heroin
17b
Signs and symptoms of opiate use
Mood changes
Impaired mental functioning
Constricted pupils
Depression and apathy
18a
Signs and symptoms of opiate use
Impaired coordination
Physical fatigue/drowsiness
Nausea, vomiting, constipation
18b
Health effects of opiate use
Hepatitis
AIDS
Can increase pain tolerance
19
The social issues of opiate use
Over 500,000 heroin addicts in U.S.
Even greater number obtain narcotics through prescriptions
Tolerance and dependency cause an increasing financial burden
20
The effect of opiates on the workplace
Impairment of physical and mental function
21
Amphetamines
Central nervous system stimulants
Speed up the mind and body
22a
Amphetamines
Legal use limited to a narrow range of medical conditions
Capsules
Usually taken by mouth
22b
Amphetamines
Methamphetamine
Powder
Taken orally, injected, or snorted
22c
Signs and symptoms of amphetamine use
Hyperexcitability/restlessness
Dilated pupils
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
23a
Signs and symptoms of amphetamine use
Heart palpitations/irregular beats
Profuse sweating
Rapid respiration
23b
Signs and symptoms of amphetamine use
Confusion
Panic
Talkativeness
Inability to concentrate
23c
Health effects of amphetamine use
Strong psychological dependence
Psychosis
Heart attack/stroke
Heart and brain damage
24a
Impulsive risk-taking behavior
Bizarre and violent acts
Withdrawal from drug may cause severe physical and mental depression
24b
Health effects of amphetamine use
The effect of amphetamine use on the workplace
Physical fatigue and depression makes the operation of equipment or vehicles dangerous
25
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Acts as a depressant and hallucinogen
Sometimes acts as a stimulant
26a
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Powder
May be mixed with marijuana or tobacco and smoked
26b
Signs and symptoms of PCP use
Impaired coordination
Severe confusion and agitation
Extreme mood shift
Muscle rigidity
27a
Jerky eye movements Dilated pupils Profuse sweating Rapid heartbeat Dizziness
27b
Signs and symptoms of PCP use
Health effects of PCP use
Potential for accidents and overdose emergencies high
Can cause irreversible memory loss, personality changes, and thought disorders
28
The effect of PCP on the workplace
Acute toxicity
Toxic psychosis
Drug induced schizophrenia
PCP induced depression
29
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