akash porwal 1 , bidhubhusan mahapatra 1 , narender kande 2 , niranjan saggurti 1
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPROVEMENT IN INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AMONG HIGH-RISK POPULATION GROUPS IN INDIAAkash Porwal1, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra1, Narender Kande2, Niranjan Saggurti11Population Council, New Delhi; 2Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
20th International AIDS Society ConferenceMelbourne, Australia (20–25 July 2014)
Community mobilization intervention in Avahan
• Mapping• Outreach• Health clinics• Drop-in centers• Committees
• Crisis response• Entitlements• Advocacy
• Capacity-building activities• CBO development
HRG interventions
Structural interventions
Organizational development
Participation & engagement in…
Community-based organizations’ (CBOs) capacity building• Leadership• Organizational Management• Networking• Fund raising• Project management
Measurement of CBO performance• Program monitoring data on performance
parameters is documented starting April 2012
Leadership Governance
Project Managem
ent
Community
Mobilization
Organization
development Resource
Mobilization
Savings , loans &
insuranceAdvocacy
for HIV services
Entitlements
Crisis response system
Measurement of CBO performance: Data collection
103 CBOs2 million
estimated key populations
covered
• Quarterly collection across 4 states of India
• 25 indicators across 6 domains
• Performance of CBO is assessed by assigning weights (score) to each indicator
Measurement of CBO performanceScore for different indicators was calculated as follows:• Indicators which were
related to achievement in terms of CBO member numbers or estimated population; target was calculated by dividing achievement with estimated population
• For remaining indicators, targets were decided a priori. A score of “1” was assigned if target is achieved; otherwise “0” was assigned to the indicator
Maximum scores of different domains of community mobilization
DomainWeigh
t%
Maximum
weighted score
Organizational development
25 5.1
Resource mobilization
25 5.3
Savings, loan, and insurance
15 3.2
Advocacy for HIV services
10 2.1
Entitlement 15 3.2Crisis response system
10 2.1
Total 100 21.0
Research hypotheses• Progress in organizational development
over time is likely dependent on:– Duration of CBOs registration (<5 years, 5+
years)– Size of CBO membership (<1500, 1500+
members)– Location of CBO (Rural/urban)– Implementing any targeted intervention
program (Yes/No)
Overall progress and performance of CBOs
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
4.8 6.29.4 10.0 8.6 10.2 11.1
21.00
Score achieved Maxmim score
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
5.30
1.1 1.62.6 2.7
1.42.5 3.0
Resource mobilization
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5
3.20
Savings, loan & insurance
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
0.81.0
1.7 1.7 1.71.8
1.8
2.10
Advocacy for HIV services
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
1.0 1.21.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2
3.20Entitlements
Domain wise overall performance of CBOs
Resources mobilized by CBOs83%
in Q1 2014
24% in Q2 2012†
Increasing numbers of CBOs are raising
funds from external
resources
Around 91 CBOs in 4 Indian states raised project funds
of INR 35 million‡
+INR 700,000
generated in membership/user fees
5.5*
2011–12
13.5*2012–13
16.8*2013–14
†n=104; *Figures in million INR. ‡USD 1=INR 58.Source for figures: Population Council and Praxis, unpublished. Avahan MIS data. New Delhi, India.
Performance of CBOs based on size
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
5.6 5.88.1 8.3 7.9 7.1
8.46.07.3
9.510.7
9.6 9.311.2
Membership less than 1500 Membership 1500+
P=0.001
Performance of CBOs based on location
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
4.4 5.88.4
9.3 8.5 8.5 9.2
6.1 6.38.5
8.8 8.3 7.4 8.3
Rural Urban
P=0.003
Performance of CBOs based on duration of registration
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
6.3 7.29.3
10.59.1 8.3 9.3
5.4 5.78.1 8.2 8.0 7.6 8.1
More than 5 years Less than 5 years
Performance of CBOs based on implementation of TI
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
4.8 5.57.6 8.1 7.7 7.0 7.2
7.1 7.29.2 10.2 9.2 8.7
10.3
Not implementing any TI Implementing TI
Summary• Systematic capacity building of CBOs have
shown results in improved performance of CBOs.
• Larger CBOs perform better compared to smaller CBOs.
• However, the duration of the CBO’s existence has no association with the performance.
• Moreover, resource mobilization is key to the success of a CBO.
Acknowledgements Avahan, the India AIDS initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
For more information: Akash Porwal,
aporwal@popcouncil.org THANK YOU!
The Population Council conducts research and delivers solutions that improve lives around the world. Big ideas supported by evidence: It’s our model for global change.
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