aircraft preliminary design
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8/11/2019 Aircraft Preliminary Design
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Activity 1: Conceptual Design
To determine the type and category of the design aircraft
To determine the regulation requirements of the design aircraft
To set preliminary specification of the design aircraft
“Our Goal: set the highest standards possible in aircraft production and development. Our
Promise: combine the most progressive materials and technology to deliver highly reliable,
economic aircraft that are less damaging to the environment while never sacrificing
performance, safety or beauty."
-Christian Dries,
Diamond Aircraft
Nowadays, aircrafts are designed for a specific purpose. Aircrafts such as Vision SF50,
Citation Mustang, Eclipse 500 and Phenom 100 are designed to provide air travel for the elite
and business minded people. P-3 Orion and P-8A Poseidon exists for the United States naval
aircraft and used in patrolling for terrain protection purposes. T-34C Turbomentor, T-44 Pegasus,T-45A/C Goshawk and T-6B Texan II are trainer aircrafts for the aspiring Air Force pilots.
With the vision and zeal of the designer to combine all the possible highest quality of
different type of aircraft, the most technologically advanced twin engine with exceptional range
and endurance and an extremely capable cross-country traveler with stunning looks that are sure
to attract stares wherever you taxi in, the future prince of aircraft industry is now born to take
its flight, the “Zurcx777”.
The Zurcx777 (read as Zurcx triple seven) is a four seat, twin turbo-diesel propeller
engine. It has a low wing and tapered configuration with winglet designed to enhance the overall
efficiency of the aircraft, saving fuel by reducing drag while also lowering noise emissions byimproving take-off performance and to help reduce the spiral-shaped vortices that form at the
wingtips of the aircraft during flight. T-tailed design to give off smoother and faster (more
dynamic pressure) flow, more predictable design characteristics, and better pitch control. A
tricycle-type retractable landing gear is installed for the high maneuverability factors.
Zurcx777 uses two AE300 (E4-series) powerplant and two MT MTV-6-R-C / CF 190-69 3-
blade Constant Speed Propeller. The AE300 (E4-series) is a four cylinder two liter piston engine
which uses Jet A1 or diesel fuel to produce 170 horsepower. With this new AE300 (E4-series),
Austro Engine GmbH has launched the leading Jet A1 piston engine in General Aviation.
Numerous testing hours have proved its endurance and reliability, highest performance and
higher efficiency compared to similar products on the market.1-1
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The name “Zurcx777” etymologically from the reversed surname of the designer withthe letter “X” to represent the “Cross of Jesus Christ” and may simply mean “God is with us”, the
triple 7 is from the 777-200LR that set the record for biggest non-stop distance flown by a
commercial plane with 11,664 nautical miles and the lucky number of the designer.
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
LEFT SIDE VIEW
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Aircraft Category: Normal
This aircraft is type certificated under normal category for airplanes taken from FAR
Part 23 under Section 3 - Airplane Categories, wherein the normal category is limited to
airplanes that have a seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of nine or less, a maximum
certificated takeoff weight of 12,500 pounds or less, and intended for non-acrobatic operation.
Materials
Molded largely with composite materials
Fuselage
The Zurcx777 structure is fiber reinforced plastic composite. The semi-monocoque
fuselage is a carbon-fiber reinforced-plastic (CFRP) shell with glass-fiber reinforced-
plastic (GFRP) bulkheads and stiffeners. The one-piece canopy has a large quantity of
wrap-around glazing. This gives a good all-round view from the cockpit. A glazed rear
passenger door on the left side of this aircraft gives access to the rear seats. The
passenger door lifts up to give good access and is supported in the open position by a
gas strut. The nose cover has also a large quantity of wrap-around glazing.
Wing
The wing is also semi-monocoque construction constructed using CFRP and GFRP. It has
a low wing and tapered configuration with winglet device. A wing center section is
attached to the bottom of the fuselage center section. The wing center section has the
two engine nacelles, the wing stubs and the fuselage center-section floor. The engine
nacelles give the fixing points for the engines. The wing stubs have the attachment
points for the outer wings.
Landing Gear
The center section has the main landing gear bays and landing gear leg attachments.
The tricycle landing gear is fully retractable and hydraulically operated. The main landing
gear legs are attached to mounting points in the wing center-section. The main landing
gear retracts into integral compartments in the wing center section. Landing gear doors
seal the landing gear bays when the gear is retracted. The nose landing gear is steerable
and is attached to the lower front of the fuselage. The nose landing gear bay is integral
with the front fuselage and doors seal the bay when the gear is retracted.
Fins
The fin is an integral part of the fuselage and has a ‘T’ tail horizontal stabilizer. The
ailerons, rudder, elevator and flaps are all constructed using a GFRP/CFRP sandwichconstruction.
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ENGINE
2x Austro Engine AE 300 turbocharged, common-rail injected 2.0 liter diesel engine with
168 HP and EECU single lever control
The Austro engine is a liquid-cooled, in-line four-stroke four cylinder engine with double
overhead camshaft (DOHC) with four valves per cylinder. The valves are actuated by the
cam follower. The direct fuel injection is realized by means of a common rail technique
and the engine is charged by a turbo charger in combination with an intercooler. All
engine components are controlled by an EECU system.
PROPELLER
2x MT MTV-6-R-C / CF 190-69 3-blade Constant Speed Propeller
The propeller is activated by an integrated gearbox with an integral torsional vibration
damper.
FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
The flight control system uses conventional ailerons, elevator and rudder. The Zurcx777
has two control sticks and two rudder pedal assemblies to operate the primary flightcontrols. Push-pull rods operate the ailerons and the elevator. Cables operate the rudder.
An electric motor operates the flaps via push-pull rods. The elevator has both an electric
and a manual trim system. A handwheel and bowden cable operate the elevator trim
mechanically. The rudder has a mechanical trim system which uses a rotary drive and
bowden cable to operate a rudder trim tab.
Electrically Operated Adjustable Rudder Pedals for Pilot and Copilot
FUEL SYSTEM
The Zurcx777 has aluminum fuel tank assemblies in each wing. Each fuel tank has three
chambers which are mounted between the wing spars. The outer fuel chamber of eachassembly has a fuel filler. Flexible hoses connect the fuel tanks to the fuel distribution
system. Each tank can feed either engine via a fuel cross-feed system. Fuel level sensors
are installed in the inner and outer fuel tank chambers. Auxiliary fuel tanks are optional
equipment. The auxiliary fuel tanks consist of a single fuel chamber in each engine nacelle
and have their own fuel tank filler and a fuel transfer pump.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
The Zurcx777 has two sources of electrical power. A 24 V battery supplies electrical power
when the engines are not running. Engine generators provide electrical power when
minimum one of the engines is running. Switches and circuit breakers control all electrical
devices. A key switch controls the engine starting system. 1-4
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AVIONICSThe Zurcx777 has a full range of flight instruments contained in a Garmin integrated
cockpit system (ICS). The ICS has two display screens. Both of them are able to show all
the aircraft flight instrumentation data, navigation data, engine data and other aircraft
system data. An audio control panel is located between the two display screens. The
audio control panel integrates and controls the aircraft radio, navigation and intercom
systems. The ICS also displays all the aircraft warnings, cautions and alerts. The ICS can
also be configured to show ground and flight check lists. This aircraft’s autopilot system is
either a KAP 140 digital flight control system that provides roll, pitch, and pitch trim
steering with altitude preselect or a GFC 700 Garmin digital flight control system that
provides roll, pitch, pitch trim, and yaw steering with altitude control. The GFC 700autopilot system is controlled via the MFD of the Garmin G1000 ICS.
Honeywell KN63 Remote DME
Becker 3500 Remote ADF
WX 500 Stormscope
Avidyne TAS 605 Traffic Advisory System
Garmin GWX 68 Weather Radar
Garmin GSR 56 Iridium Satellite Datalink
Flight Data Recorder
Garmin ChartView Approach Plates (subscription required) Garmin Synthetic Vision Technology
Bose A20 Bluetooth Headset Package (4 pieces including installed LEMO connectors)
Other Systems
Air Conditioning/RACC System (powered by an additional Alternator)
TKS Deicing System
Oxygen System
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Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) 4,189 lbs
Fuel capacity (useable fuel) (standard / long
range)50 US gal / 76.4 US gal
Fuel grades Jet A1
Maximum cruise speed (16,000 ft, MCP),
1760 kg TOW197 kts TAS
Cruise speed at 60% in 16,000 ft 174 kts TAS
Stall speed, clean 67 kts CAS
Stall speed, landing configuration 61 kts CAS
Rate of climb (ISA SL) 1760 kg TOW 1,800 fpm
Rate of climb (18,000 ft) 1000 fpm
Range, at 60%, standard / long range tank 795 nm / 1,215 nm
Fuel consumption at 60% 10.4 gal/hr total
Takeoff distance, 50 ft (ISA SL) 1,961 ft
Take-off ground roll (ISA SL) 1760 kg TOW 919 ft
Range, at 60%, standard / long range tank 795 nm / 1,215 nm
Landing distance, 50 ft (ISA SL) 1,870 ft
Landing ground roll (ISA SL) 1,115 ft
Maximum operating altitude 18,000 ft
Maximum demonstrated crosswind 25 kts
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Designing an aircraft is not as easy as counting 1… 2… 3… or even as writing ABC,
designing an aircraft is a complex task where you need study the properties of moving air, and
the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it, and answer the question
“How does an aircraft fly?”
Designers must not limit themselves in conceptualizing designs for an aircraft, they must
try to think of even an impossible and intricate design and make it a possible one, as others said
“Sky’s the limit” and so with this, Zurcx777’s designer came up with the superb idea.
The Zurcx777 has the highest standards possible in aircraft production and development
for it is a combination of the most progressive materials and technology to deliver highly reliable,
economic aircraft that are less damaging to the environment while never sacrificing
performance, safety or beauty. This aircraft can be used in business, air taxi, patrolling, personal
and/or as trainer.
From the intellectual mind of the designer along with the help of different internet sites
and books, the conceptual design and characteristics of this aircraft, the Zurcx777, can pass all
the regulatory requirements suited for this type of aircraft.
As the designer shall continue his research and design for this conceptual aircraft, to
achieve his goal and succeed his set objectives for this aircraft, he must attain all those assumed
values that are included on this first activity.
After finishing all the research and activities of this design, the newly born future prince
of aircraft industry, the Zurcx777, can now have its flight and travel around the globe.
At the end of the day, dreaming of flying your designed aircraft is as easy as counting 1…
2… 3… just believe in yourself and make it possible.
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