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Airbus Defence and Space
Friedrichshafen
High-Tech?
Optimierung des Waldbaus mit Hilfe
neuer Fernerkundungstechnologien
This
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of A
str
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[Ltd
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S/G
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]. Überblick
• Airbus DS GmbH
• Wichtigste Radarfrequenzen und ihre Anwendungsgebiete
• SAR-Interferometrie für die dreidimensionale globale bis lokale Erfassung von
Waldbeständen
• Ausblick
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
2
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Firmenentwicklung
29. Januar 2016 3
1982
Pléiades 1A & 1B 2011 & 2012: Start der sehr hoch
auflösenden Pléiades Satelliten
SPOT 6 & 7 2012 & 2014: Start von
SPOT 6 and SPOT 7
CNES gründet
Spot Image
Volle Integration in Astrium Services
SPOT 1 Start von POT 1
Gründung von Infoterra
SPOT 5 Start von SPOT 5
2002
2010
2012
2001
2007 1986
TerraSAR-X & TanDEM-X
2011
2007: Start des TerraSAR-X Radarsatelliten
2010: Start von TanDEM-X, für WorldDEMTM
Re-branding
Airbus Defence and Space
2014
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
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of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
]. Satellitenflotte
Einzigartiger Zugang zu eigenen und Partnersatelliten,
gebaut von Airbus DS
SPOT 5
SPOT 6 SPOT 7
Pléiades 1B
TerraSAR-X TanDEM-X
FORMOSAT-2
DEIMOS-1/DMC
PAZ
TerraSAR-X Next Generation Pléiades 1A
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
4
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RADAR Frequenzen
Band Wavelength [cm] Frequency [GHz]
P 30 - 100 0.3 - 1
L 15 - 30 1 - 2
S 7.5 - 15 2 - 4
C 3.75 – 7.5 4 – 8
X 2.5 – 3.75 8 – 12
Ku 1.67 – 2.5 12 – 18
K 1.11 – 1.67 18 – 27
Ka 0.75 – 1.11 27 - 40
Remember: λ = c/f and f = c/λ
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
5
TerraSAR-X
Sentinel-1
ALOS-2
Biomass
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str
ium
[Ltd
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]. Rückstreuung bei unterschiedlichen Radar-Frequenzen
•Mit zunehmender Biomasse wächst die
Signalstärke bis zur Sättigung nahezu
linear an
– C & X-BandFrequenzen werden von
der Oberflächenstreuung dominiert
– L-Band-Sättigung bei ~ 100 t / ha
– P-Band-Sättigung bei ~ 200 t / ha
(Jensen, 2000; Dobson et al., 1992)
Frequenz P L X
Theoretisches Rückstreuverhalten eines Kiefernbestands bei X-, C- and L-Bandfrequenzen: je kürzer die Wellenlänge, desto größer wird der Anteil der Oberflächenstreuung (aus: Jensen, 2000; S. 315)
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
6
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100
km
Fire impact assessment with ERS-2 radar
deploying SAR interferometry
R
G
B
Orange Gebiete: Brandflächen
© RSS GmbH
SPOT Vegetation
Image
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
7
Zeitserien aus ERS-2 Daten 1997 - 98
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2007 2009 2008
Figure 3. After careful calibration and intercalibration of the 2007, 2008 and 2009 data sets and
straightforward application of the statistics associated with the legend developed for the Borneo 2007 map,
corresponding 50 m resolution maps for the years 2008 and 2009 have been produced. Input PALSAR data
courtesy: ALOS K&C © JAXA/METI.
K&C15, Dirk Hoekman, 24 Jan 2011 29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
8
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29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
9
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Source: Dirk Hoekmann, Univ. Wageningen @ GEO-FCT Science Meeting, Feb. 2012, Arusha
29. Januar 2016 10
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X-Band SAR
TerraSAR-Aufnahmen für bestandesweise
Kartierungs- und Beobachtungsaufgaben
29. Januar 2016 11
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Der Bodensee im Radar-Bild
12 29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
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RGB-Farbkomposite: Rot: Feb 2009, Grün & Blau: Nov 2008 Februar 2009: Rot: stark geschädigte Bestände
Orange: Einzelbruch-Schäden
Sturmschäden in Nordspanien
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
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of A
str
ium
[Ltd
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mbH
]. Insektenkalamitäten – Fraßschäden durch Diprion Pini
Klaus Martin,
Ndt. Forstl. Versuchsanstalt
29. Januar 2016 14
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
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29. Januar 2016
re-
mo
ve
d
Defo
resta
tion
Defo
resta
tion
Degra
datio
n
Degra
datio
n
Degra
datio
n
Degra
datio
n
Degra
datio
n
Degra
datio
n
Degra
datio
n
Degra
datio
n
time
fore
st
op
en
fore
st
Status
un
dis
-
turb
ed
dis
turb
ed
no
fore
st
Defo
resta
tion
Degradation
to be
defined
to be defined
to be
defined
LCC
Degradation von Wäldern – wo zieht man die Grenze?
15
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
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Erfassung von Degradationsprozessen (einzelbaumweise Erfassung
von Abgängen)
On site partner: Institute of
Hydrology, Meteorology and
Environmental Studies
Validierung durch lokale
Forstexperten: Erkennungs-
wahrscheinlichkeit > 95 %
29. Januar 2016 16
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
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29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
17
Beobachtung der Walddegradation in den Tropen
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Bestätigung der Ergebnisse in Kamerun
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
18
Ca. 425 trees/ha BHD>10cm
Logging: 5 to 6 tree / ha
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Kamerun: 2010-02-19
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
19
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Kamerun: 2011-11-30
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
20
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Kamerun: 2012-10-03
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
21
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29. Januar 2016 36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
Tree Species Proportion
6,7%
20,0%
30,0%
23,3%
10,0%
6,7% 3,3%
Empfehlung: Kombinierte Inventurverfahren
22
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
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29. Januar 2016
2. Inventurstufe
Dokumentation mit hoch-
auflösenden Fernerkun-
dungsdaten
Vorschlag für ein mehr-
stufiges Forstinventur-
konzept am Beispiel
Kolumbiens
Startpunkt: Flächendeckende Waldkartierung als
Basis für eine Stratifizierung
1. Inventurstufe
(~ 1 % der Fläche) 3. Inventurstufe
Terrestrische
Stichprobenkreise
4. Inventurstufe
allometrische Messungen zur
Herleitung der Biomasse
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
23
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29. Januar 2016
SAR Interferometry
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
24
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• SAR Systeme speichern beides: die Amplitude und
die Phase um Bilder und 3-dimen-sionale
Messungen zu erzielen.
• Amplitude: misst die Signalstärke wird genutzt um
RADAR”Bilder” zu erzeugen
• Phase: Ermöglicht die Erkennung von 3-dimen-
sionalen Oberflächenstrukturen dabei wird die
Phasendifferenz zwischen zwei Aufnahmen genutzt
EM Wave Phase
Phase Difference
received
signal
SAR Interferometry: Nutzung der RADAR-Phaseninformation
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
25
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TerraSAR-X-add-on for
Digital Elevation Measurements
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
26
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[Ltd
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SRTM 90m SRTM 30m WorldDEMTM
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
29. Januar 2016 27
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36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
28 Standardisiert, global Einzigartige Qualität
Höchste globale Auflösung Schneller Datenzugang
WorldDEMTM
Die einzigartige Kombination von
Flächendeckung, Qualität, Auflösung und Verfügbarkeit
setzt den neuen Standard für globale Höhenmodelle
29. Januar 2016 28
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Bi-statische TanDEM Daten zur Schätzung der forstlichen Biomasse
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
29
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Waldbeobachtung in den Tropen mittels TanDEM-Daten (Schlund 2015)
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
30
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ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
]. Referenzkarte von Kade (Ghana) basierend auf einer TanDEM-X
Klassifikation (Landbedeckungskategorien gem. IPCC GPGs)
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
31
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
]. Veränderung der Bestandesdichte aggregiert auf 1 ha Zellen
als Hinweis auf Degradationsprozesse bzw. legale selektive
Nutzung
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
32
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
].
Veränderung der Bestandesdichte aggregiert auf 1 ha Zellen als
Hinweis auf Degradationsprozesse bzw. legale selektive Nutzung
Class Name
Area (in m²)
Deforested
area
(in m²)
Degradation
(10 – 25 %;
in m²)
Degradation (25
– 100 %;
in m²)
Agroforestry 1,327,800,015.7
Bare soil 19,116,650
Fallow- or
Grassland 57,639,475
Forest 523,555,084.3 1,099,686.92 4,107,098 1,650,078
Settlements 16,871,950
Water 1,098,200
Rate
(in 2011-2012) 0,21 0,78 0,32
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
33
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
]. Bestandeshöhe gemessen durch bi-statische Tandem-X Daten
(global möglich!; Solberg 2010)
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
34
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
]. Oberflächenmodel aus InSAR-Daten im Vergleich mit Landsat
(Solberg 2013)
Surface model InSAR Landsat
Sumatra, Indonesia 29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
35
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
]. Biomasse und InSAR-Bestandeshöhe
Norway Brazil
0 4 8 12 16
InSAR height, m
0
40
80
120
160
Bio
mas
s, t
/ha
Biomass = 55 + 7.4 InSARheight
R2=0.56, RMSE=16 t/ha (18%)
0 5 10 15 20
InSAR height, m
0
100
200
300
Bio
mas
s, t
/ha
Biomass = 61 + 9.9 InSARheight
R2=0.72, RMSE=24 t/ha (19%)
Norway spruce Scots pine
InSAR height
Height of RADAR echo above ground, m
Neef et al. (2005)
Biomass t/ha
Solberg et al. (2010)
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
36
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
].
Biomasseschätzung durch kombinierte Inventurverfahren (Solberg 2014)
Feldinventur
Tandem-X InSAR Biomassemodel
Feldmessungen
zur Kalibrierung
Zusätzliche Daten
DHM Baumarten
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
37
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
]. Kombination der InSAR-Bestandeshöhe mit der Koheränz (Solberg 2013)
Kahl-
fläche
Kohärenz InSAR-Bestandeshöhe
Wald
BIOMASSE
Hohe Niedrige
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
38
+
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
].
Ad-hoc Daten für Bestandesschädigung (Solberg, 2014)
Selective logging
Storm damage
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
39
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
].
Date - 40
Möglichkeiten:
2 komplette globale Abdeckungen im Archiv (2011-13)
Change detection workflow bereits operationell implementiert
globale Referenz für zukünftige Analysen der Waldveränderungen kontinental bis hin
zum Einzelbaum
TanDEM-
Abdeckung
Zukünftige
TerraSAR-X
Akquisitionen
Change Detection
Daten der TanDEM-Mission Data: Ausgangspunkt für die globale
Waldbeobachtung
29. Januar 2016
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
40
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
].
TerraSAR-X
(ext. 2015++)
TanDEM-X (ext. 2018+)
TerraSAR-NG
~ 2022+
2010
2007
HRWS
Export &
WorldSAR
Deutsche SAR Roadmap
2015
Formation Flight (TanDEM)
TerraSAR/ PAZ Constellation
(ops. from 2015)
Tandem-L (DLR Science Mission)
2019
SARah
(National Defense Mission)
41
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
ESA Sentinel 1 A&B
C&D 2020 ff
ESA BIOMASS
2020
S1A: 2014
S1B: 2016
Kompsat-6
2019
XPRESS
29. Januar 2016
WorldSAR Constellation
Update rendering
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
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/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
].
Neue wesentlich verbesserte Bildqualität (qual-pol, 25 cm Auflösung
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz 29. Januar 2016 42
This
docum
ent and its
conte
nt is
the p
ropert
y o
f A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
] and is s
tric
tly c
onfidential. It shall n
ot be c
om
munic
ate
d to a
ny thir
d p
art
y w
ithout th
e w
ritt
en c
onsent
of A
str
ium
[Ltd
/SA
S/G
mbH
].
29. Januar 2016
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!
Kontakt
Prof. Dr. Steffen Kuntz
Future Programs – Earth Observation, Navigation & Science (ENS)
Airbus DS GmbH
88039 Friedrichshafen / Immenstaad
Phone: +49 7545 8 9966
Mobile: +49 171 711 0340
Email: steffen.kuntz@airbus.com
36. Freiburger Winterkolloquium Forst und Holz
43
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