agriscience
Post on 15-Jan-2016
34 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1Mr. PullomFall 2011
Agriscience
ObjectivesExplain agriscience and technologyRelate the meaning and importance of
AFNRIdentify career pathways in AFNRExplain the importance of human needs in
AFNRAssess the role of consumers and their
preferences
TermsAFNRAgriscienceAquatic animalsCareer pathwayConsumerCustomsDemandfiber
FoodHuman needNutrientShelterStandard of livingTechnologyTerrestrial animals
AgriscienceAgriscience is the use of science principles
in producing food, fiber, and shelter materials.Applied agriscience – the use of knowledge in
the production of plants and animalsBasic agriscience provides information to
understand how a process works.
TechnologyTechnology is the practical application of
science.Is used to increase the yield and quality of plant
and animal products.Also reduces human labor requirements to produce
crops.Appropriate technology is using good judgment
to make decisions about what technology to use.In developed countries, advanced technology may
be used. In lesser developed countries, simple technology may work best.
The people may not know how to use, maintain, and set up the technology.
AFNRAFNR- the abbreviation for Agriculture,
Food, and Natural Resources.Addresses the production, marketing, and
processing of agricultural commodities.Includes food and fiber products as well as wood,
natural resources, horticulture, and other products of plant and/or animal origin.
AFNR cluster is the most important. It deals with meeting the fundamental needs of human life and well-being.
Career pathway is a group of careers based on similarities of duties, subjects, and skills.
AFNR and Human NeedsA human need is an essential element or
component that supports human life.Food, fiber, and shelter
Food provides the nutrition that helps the body to grow, to repair itself, and to reproduce.
Fiber and shelter provide protection from the weather, dangerous animals, and other hazards of life.
FoodFood is the solid and liquid material humans and other
living things consume.A nutrient is a substance necessary for an organism to
live and grow.Humans need food for four purposes:
Energy, growth and repair, good health, and body processesFood comes from two sources:
Plants and animalsModern processing is used to change food materials into
more desirable forms, such as wheat into flour for making bread.
Only about 600 species of the 250,000 species of plants are used for human food. Wheat, rice, and corn are the major human food items
around the world.
Table 1-2Parts Plants
Leaves Lettuce, cabbage, tea, and spinach; other parts are discarded.
Seeds Beans, wheat, corn, rye, coffee, and nuts; other parts are discarded.
Roots Potatoes, carrots, onions, and ginger; some of these are structures that grow on roots, such as the potato, which is a tuber
Fruits Apples, strawberries, pears, and oranges
Flowers Cauliflower and broccoli;
Stems Celery, rhubarb, and asparagus
Juice Sugarcane (syrup and sugar);
Multiple parts Turnips; leaves and roots may be eaten
Food cont.Terrestrial animals- grow on land
Chickens, hogs, sheep, and cattleAquatic animals – live in water
Fish, shrimp, and clamsSome 2 million species of animals live on Earth.
Only about 50 species are used to any extent for human food.Of that 50, only 4 are raised in large numbers: Cattle,
hogs, chicken, and sheep.Fish farming has increased due to a decrease in the
number of wild fish in streams and oceans.Aquaculture is the industry associated with aquatic
animal production
Table 1-3Foods Animals
Meat Muscles, organs, etc. of hogs, cattle, chickens, fish, horses, game animals, and others
Eggs Chickens, fish, and a few others
Milk, cheese, ice cream Cattle, goats, and sometimes others
Fiber (clothing)Fiber is primarily the material used to make
clothing and shelter.Fiber is produced in three ways:
By animalsBy plantsBy manufacturing
Animal FibersInclude wool, mohair, fur, and silk. Are used to
make warm and attractive clothing and other fabric items such as rugs and blankets.
Sheep produce wool.Cashmere and alpaca are variations of wool.
Furs are obtained from several animals such as rabbits and minks. The hides from cattle may be used for making leather.
Silkworms produce silk when making cocoons.Silk is the strongest animal fiber.
Plant FibersSeveral fibers are produced from plants:
cotton, flax, hemp, jute and sisal.Cotton is the most important. Make
clothing, towels, furniture, and others.Flax comes from the stems of flax plants. It
is made into linen.Hemp, jute, and sisal are coarse fibers.
They are used to make twine, cords, and ropes.
Research on kenaf has emerged as potential fiber.
Manufactured and mineral fibersKnown as synthetic or human-made.Synthetic fibers come from raw materials
such as petroleum.Some manufactured fibers are made from
wood.
ShelterA shelter is a building used by humans for
housing.Forestry is a large and specialized area of
plant production.Trees are important in the environment.
Planted in cities because of beauty and cooling effects(urban forestry)
Producing for the consumerA goal of agriscience is to make food and
fiber more appealing and readily available.A consumer is a person who buys goods
and services.Consumers eat food, wear clothing, and
live in housing. They also have opinions about what they will eat and wear, and how they will be housed. These opinions dictate what is produced.
A demand is a desire for a good or service and the ability to buy. Price is important.
Consumer PreferencesStandard of living, customs, and climate are the
major factors in consumer choice.Standard of living is the level of choice about both
essential and nonessential goods and services that people can make based on what they can afford.
Income and education promote a higher standard of living.People who make more money tend to eat more beef,
seafood, and other higher priced foods.Also choose higher priced clothing, housing, and
other goods or services.People in nations with better education have higher
incomes and more choices.Life expectancy, educational attainment, and
adjusted real income are three important factors in establishing livability.
CustomsCustoms are established ways of doing
things.People grow up eating certain foods or
observing certain social behaviors and continue to follow those habits as adults.
North – may eat more potatoes and wheat bread
South – may eat more chicken, okra, and corn bread
ClimateThe climate is the nature of the weather.Temperature, precipitation, and direction
and speed of wind are major factors in a climate.
Soil fertility and drainage determine land use.
People in cool climates eat more cereal grains, potatoes, and meat.
Those in warmer climates eat more fruits and vegetables.
REVIEW
top related