agriculture dev elopement
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An application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Analysis of
Agricultural Development-Induced Changes in Land Use:A case study in Lao PDR
1). Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.2).Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao PDR.3). Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, JapanE-Mails: boundeth_jong@yahoo.com; nanseki@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp
By
Boundeth Southavilay1)
,2)
, Teruaki Nanseki3)
The 30th APAN Meeting
August 2010, in Hanoi, Vietnam
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Contents1. Introduction
2. Statement of problems
3. Objectives
4. Materials and Methods
5. Study area
6. Results and Discussions
7. Conclusions
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Introduction In the last decade, in Laos GIS and Remote sensing (RS) has not much used in
countrywide, including agriculture sector did not applied this technique for their
agricultural development and land use planning.
A meanwhile, in that times agriculture lands in Laos were transformed from subsistence
farming in uneconomic-sized farms to commercial and market-oriented farms. These
transformed sometimes happens in improperly ways and induced to change in land use
and land covers by despoilment of forest covers and traditional farming system.
The problems above due to lack of an appropriate tool in terms of integrated spatial data
on land use/land covers. However, recently GIS and remote sensing has been using in
several types of works in both government and private agencies. As we know, GIS and
remote sensing have an important role in linkage and analysis of such data, in particular
for detection, interpretation, area calculation, monitoring and future estimating. Therefore,
this study applied GIS and remote sensing for analysis the land use pattern changes
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Statement of Problems
After 1999, the landscape in the study area has beenchanged cause of policy implementation such as rubberplantation and irrigation system were installed in the area,
and than this place was changed in dynamics way of landuse system
The forest area was destroyed by increasingly shiftingcultivation and rubber plantation areas
Lack of an appropriate tool for decision support system interms of land use decision
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Rubber plantation Shifting cultivation
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Objectives To illustrate the change detection of land use and land
covers
To create a tool for decision support system in thewatershed land use planning by created land zoning.
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Materials and Methods
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Materials Satellite images:
Landsat ETM+ (25 January 1999), LIGformat
Resolution 30 m (band 1-5,7)
15 m panchromatic
Landsat ETM+ (12 March 2004), BILformat
Resolution
25 m (band 1-5,7)
15 m panchromatic
GIS data bases with thematic maps (Road
networks, River networks, Village points,Contour line, DEM and Ground check point-from GPS)
Topography map 1:100,000
(Schema F-47-142 and F-47-130) Software: ArcView3.2a and Idrisi 32
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Methods1. Geometric correction- to georeference maps to a map
coordination system
Image 1999 was registered to local topography maps with 15ground control points. root-mean-square (RMC) error = 0.45pixels.
Image 2004 was registered with registered of image 1999(image to image). RMC= 0.14 pixels.
2. Change pixels size- because the pixel sizes of two images
are different (30m and 25m) Change pixel 30m of image 1999 to 25m of image 2004
3.
NDVI compositing utility
NDVI is useful for identifying of the green leaf from
other objects (water, soil) It is expressed value -1 to1 with 0 representing non vegetation
NDVI solve the shadow problem
NDVI= (b4-b3)/(b4+b3)
NDVI image
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Methods (cont.) Images interpretation by Supervised classification
Training area (AOI)
Supervised classification
Maximum likelihood method
The training area from two images 345,and 2ndvi7 in the1999 and 2004
classified to 11 classes 9
Create zone by overlaid three physical data (Ground data, GIS data and imageclassification)
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Study area
300msl1250msl
The area is located in the northern Laos,Lat: 6507'16" to 6759'13"Long: 22279'96" to 22556'22".
43 villages
Area 696 km2 Watershed boundary area = 22 km2
Elevation from 300 to 1,235 msl The lowland farms are located between 300 to 450 msl.
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Results and Discussions The result of interpretation of two images ETM+1999 and ETM+2004, it provided two
land use maps of 1999 and 2004. In each map was classified into 11 categories of landuse/land cover types
Land covers 1999
Land covers 2004
Intensive of changed areas11
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Results of Maximum LikelihoodClassification of two images
1999 and 2004
land use classes1999 2004
Km2 % Km2 %
Dark evergreen forest 199.54 28.66 148.7 21.4
Bright evergreen forest 173.94 24.99 134.8 19.4
Disturbed forest/fallow 164.27 23.60 305.1 43.8Bamboo 22.98 3.30 12.4 1.8
Field crop 32.53 4.67 4.0 0.6
Wet paddy 24.08 3.46 23.6 3.4
Irrigation paddy 0 0 10.5 1.5
Bare land/Wet soil 22.56 3.24 0 0Reservoir 0.02 0.00 6.6 0.9
Mekong 6.62 0.95 3.1 0.4
Sandy area 1.70 0.24 4.1 0.6
Shrub/other crops 47.92 6.88 43.2 6.2
Total 696.2 100.00 696.2 100.0
land use classesChanges
Km2 Percentage (%)Change rate(%km2/year)
Dark evergreen forest -50.84 -25.48 -5.10
Bright evergreen forest -39.14 -22.50 -4.50
Disturbed forest/fallow 140.83 85.73 17.15
Bamboo -10.58 -46.04 -9.21
Field crop -28.53 -87.70 -17.54
Wet paddy -0.48 -1.99 -0.40
Irrigation paddy 10.5 0.00
Bare land/Wet soil -22.56 -100.00 -20.00
Reservoir 6.6 0.00
Mekong -3.52 -53.17 -10.63Sandy area 2.4 141.18 28.24
Shrub/other crops -4.72 -9.85 -1.97
Changed
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Cheng detection
The change detection is the process of identifying differences in thestate of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times(Singh, 1989).
The change detection of land use and land cover of the study areawas analyzed by cross-classification technique- by overlaid of two land use maps
+ =
1999 2004
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=
The change detection provides the characteristic changes of each land use type
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Legend:
DT
Disturbedforest/fallow
EF
Evergreenforest
FC
Fieldcrop
BB
Bamboo
BLBareland
WPD
Wetpaddy
IPD
Irrigationpaddy
RV
Reservoir
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detection of land use/land cover by cross-classification during 1999 to 2004
No Land use change 1999-2004 Pixels Hectares Km2 %
1 Disturbed > Evergreen Forest 42676 2,667.25 26.67 3.83
2 Evergreen Forest > Disturbed 215062 13,441.38 134.41 19.31
3 Field crop > Disturbed 35353 2,209.56 22.10 3.17
4 Bare land > Disturbed 38975 2,435.94 24.36 3.50
5 Disturbed > Field crop 867 54.19 0.54 0.08
6 Wet paddy > Field crop 932 58.25 0.58 0.08
7 Disturb > Wet paddy 5504 344.00 3.44 0.49
8 Bare land > Wet paddy 7702 481.38 4.81 0.69
9 Disturbed > Irrigation paddy 5883 367.69 3.68 0.53
10 Field crop > Irrigation paddy 476 29.75 0.30 0.04
11 Wet paddy > Irrigation paddy 5398 337.38 3.37 0.48
12 Disturbed > Reservoir 2627 164.19 1.64 0.24
13 Wet paddy > Reservoir 1941 121.31 1.21 0.17
14 Evergreen Forest > Bare land 3297 206.06 2.06 0.30
15 Disturbed > Bare land 20361 1,272.56 12.73 1.83
16 No changes 726786 45,424.13 454.24 65.25
Total 1113840 69615 696.15 100.00
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During 5 years 3land use types
were changed toshifting cultivation:
18,100ha
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Land use changed in watershed boundary
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Dense forest
Open forestShifting cultivation
Bamboo
Field crop
Wet paddy
Bare landShrub land/other
Dense forest
Open forest
Shifting cultivation
Bamboo
Field crop
Wet paddy
Irrigated paddy field
Reservoir
Shrub land/other
May,1999 March, 2004
Land use types1999 2004
Hectares % Hectares %
Irrigated paddy (dry season) 0.00 0.00 202.44 0.92
Reservoir 0.00 0.00 467.82 2.14
Bare land/wet soil 551.38 2.51 0.00 0.00
Field crop 830.69 3.79 46.44 0.21Bamboo 831.81 3.79 356.69 1.63
Wet paddy (rainy season) 952.56 4.34 740.25 3.37
Shrub/other crops 1596.69 7.28 1524.56 6.95
Mixed-deciduous forest 5286.25 24.10 2827.38 12.8
Dense forest 5813.31 26.50 4112.13 18.7
Shifting cultivation 6061.94 27.64 11657.81 53.1
Total areas 21935.50 100.0 21935.5 100.0
Land use/land cover changes from 1999 to 2004
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1 2Year
Area
(ha)
Dense forest Mix-deciduous forest Bamboo
Shifting cultivation Field crop Wet paddy
Irrigation paddy Bare land/wet soil Reservoir
Shrub/other cro s
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Zonation
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Groundinformation GISdata RemoteSensing
Landuse/landcover
Composite/NDVImaps
Combinelandusetype/landholding
Rastermaps:Slope,
Populationand
WatershedZonationmap
Vector maps:river,
DecisionSupportLanduse lannin
The zone was created by overlaid of three physical information (Ground data,GIS data and satellite imagery data)
The zonation can be regarded as a tool for sustainable agriculturaldevelopment in the watershed area.
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Developmentzone
Bufferzone
Conservationzone
The main purpose of this zone is toprotect forest covers because thiszone included headwater, district
protected area and high forest coverand biodiversity.
Area covered 43%
The development zone includes
integrated farming systems and morecommonly associated with upland
areas. Located along the river banksand foothills.
Land use options: paddy, fish ponds,rice/fish, terraced paddy, grazing,field crops, fruit trees, commercial
tree.Area covered: 32%
This zone is designed to linkbetween development and
conversation zones. Land use
option: field crop, fruit tree andcommercial tree
Area covered 25%
Suggestion zones for sustainable of watershed management
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The optional land use for sustainable agricultural development in thewatershed area
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x=Restricted potential, xx=Medium potential, xxx=High potential, o=not considered appropriate.
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Conservation zoneConservation zoneDevelopment zone
Buffer zone
The existing of land cover in the study area
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Development zone
Buffer zone
Conservation zone
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ConclusionsFor 1st objective
1.The total areas of the fallow forest were doubly increased from 16,427ha in 1999 to 30,510 ha in 2004. This land use type was high potential tobe mixed by different types of land use such as disturbed forest/fallow
forest/shifting cultivation/rubber plantation.
2.Based on our results suggest that after irrigation dam was constructed,several types of land use areas were changed (decreased/increased) and
fragmented (field crop, evergreen forest, fallow forest) as a result of bothfarmers who lost their lands and turned to clear-cut forest areas for uplandrice cultivation, and private investment on commercial tree (rubberplantation).
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Conclusions (cont.)
For 2nd objective
1.The tool for decision support system in sustainable of agricultural
development in this study is the land use zoning was created by GISand remote sensing technique. By created 3 main land use zones.
1. Conservation zone
2. Buffer zone
3. Development (Agricultural) zone2.These zones can be the most important tools for agriculturaldevelopment planning because it provided integrated information onsocial and physical aspects of the study area.
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Thank you very much for your
kind attention
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