african charter on human and peoples rights african ... · ib global politics at uwc costa rica...
Post on 11-Oct-2020
6 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
AFRICANCHARTERONHUMANANDPEOPLES
RIGHTS
AlsoknownastheBanjul(Gambia)Charter,itisaninterna3onalhumanrightsinstrumentintendedto
promoteandprotecthumanrightsandbasicfreedomsintheAfricancon3nent.ItemergedunderthesupportoftheOrganiza3onofAfricanUnity
(sincereplacedbytheAfricanUnion)whichadoptedaresolu3onin1979callingforthecrea3onofacommiKeeofexpertstodraMacon3nent-wide
humanrightsinstrument
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
AFRICANCOMMISSIONFOR
HUMANANDPEOPLESRIGHTS
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
TheCommissionisresponsiblefortheoversightandinterpreta3onoftheAfricanCharteronHumanand
Peoples’Rights
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
AMNESTYINTERNATIONAL
Non-governmentalorganisa3onformedin1961thatcampaignsforhumanrightsandhasapproximately
sevenmillionmembersworldwide.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
APARTHEID
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Acrimeagainsthumanity.ApartheidinSouthAfricareferstoapolicyorsystemofsegrega3onor
discrimina3onongroundsofrace.Thissystemofins3tu3onalizedracialsegrega3onanddiscrimina3on
existedinSouthAfricabetween1948and1991.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
ASYLUM Protec3onfrompoli3calpersecu3ongrantedbyastatetoanindividualfromanotherstate.Withintheinterna3onalcommunity,asylum-seekersarethosewhohaveappliedforprotec3onasarefugeebutare
s3llawai3ngconfirma3onoftheirstatus.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
CAIRODECLARATION
ONHUMANRIGHTSINISLAM
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
TheOrganiza3onoftheIslamicConference(OIC)issuedtheCairoDeclara3onin1990,asser3ngthat“fundamentalrightsanduniversalfreedomsinIslamareanintegralpart”ofIslam.Rule24holdsthatallrightsandfreedomss3pulatedinthedeclara3onare
subjecttoIslamic(shariah)law.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
CODIFICATIONToarrangeandlabelasystemoflaws(i.e.,writethemdown).Totransferideasintolaws.For
example,atreatyissignedbyanauthorizedperson(i.e.,aForeignMinisterofcountryagreestojoinadefenseorganiza3on)andthentreatyprovisionsarelaterwriKen(codified)intolawsfortherespec3vecountryandpassedbythena3onallegislature.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
CONVENTIONAGAINSTTORTUREANDOTHERCRUEL,INHUMANANDDEGRADINGTREATMENT
(1984)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
AhumanrightstreatywhichbuildsontheUDHRandtheICPRC.Itoffersspecificdefini3onsoftortureand
theresponsibili3esforpreven3ngtorture.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
CONVENTIONONTHERIGHTSOFTHECHILD(1989)
Ahumanrightstreatywhichsetsoutthecivil,poli3cal,economic,social,healthandculturalrightsofchildren.Theconven3ondefinesachildasanyhumanbeingundertheageofeighteen.Thereare
currently195countriesthathavera3fiedtheconven3on,andtheircomplianceismonitoredbytheUNCommiKeeontheRightsoftheChild.Thereare
54ar3cles.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
CRIMES
AGAINSTHUMANITY
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Definedaswidespreadorsystema3cmurder,extermina3on,enslavement,deporta3on,andother
inhumaneactsinten3onallycommiKedagainstcivilianpopula3ons,beforeorduringthewar;or
persecu3onsonpoli3cal,racialorreligiousgroundsinexecu3onoforinconnec3onwithanycrime.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
CULTURALRELATIVISM
Theprinciplethatanindividualperson'sbeliefsandac3vi3esshouldbeunderstoodbyothersintermsof
thatindividual'sownculture;anargumentagainsttheuniversalityofhumanrights.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
CUSTOMARY
INTERNATIONALLAW
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
LawthatbecomesbindingonstatesalthoughitisnotwriKen,butratheradheredtooutofcustom.Thusa
prac3cethatissolongestablishedandwidelyacceptedthatithascometohavetheforceoflaw.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
ECOSOCTheUnitedNa3onsEconomicandSocialCouncilisresponsibleforpromo3nghigherstandardsofliving,fullemployment,andeconomicandsocialprogress;iden3fyingsolu3onstointerna3onaleconomic,socialandhealthproblems;facilita3nginterna3onalculturalandeduca3onalcoopera3on;encouraginguniversalrespect.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
EQUALITY
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Egalitariantheoriesarebasedonaconceptofequalitythatallpeople,orgroupsofpeople,areseenashavingthesameintrinsicvalue
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
EUROPEANCONVENTIONONHUMANRIGHTS
(1950)
Thefirstregionalagreementonhumanrights.Abindinglegaltexts,whichmemberstatesofthe
CouncilofEuropearecommiKedtoactinaccordancewith.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
EUROPEAN
COURTOFHUMANRIGHTS
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
RegionalcourtwhichupholdstheEuropeanConven3ononHumanRights,establishedin1959.
TheEuropeanCourtofHumanRightsactsasthefinalcourtofappealoflastresortonceEuropeanci3zenshaveexhaustedtheirownstate’slegalprocess.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
FIRSTGENERATION
HUMANRIGHTS
Focusonthecivilandpoli3calrightsthatprotectindividuals’libertyfromthestate.Theyare
predominantlynega3verights
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
GENOCIDE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
ViolentcrimescommiKedagainstgroupswiththeintenttodestroytheexistenceofthegroup.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
HUMANITARIANINTERVENTION
Astate’suseofmilitaryforceagainstanotherstatewhenthechiefpubliclydeclaredaimofthatmilitary
ac3onisendinghuman-rightsviola3onsbeingperpetratedbythestateagainstwhichitisdirected.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
HUMANRIGHTS
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Humanrightsarebasicclaimsanden3tlementsthatonepossessessimplybyvirtueofbeingahuman
being
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
HUMANRIGHTSWATCH
Anon-governmentalorganiza3onbasedoutofNewYorkthatconductsresearchandadvocacyonhuman
rights
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
INALIENABLE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Closelyrelatedtotheconceptofindivisibility,humanrightsareconsideredtobeinalienable.Thismeansthattheycannotbetakenawayfrom(orgivenawayby)humanbeings,andallhumanbeingsareen3tled
tothefullpackageofrights.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
INDIVISIBLE Indivisibilitymeansthatallhumanrightsareofequalimportanceandcannotbearrangedintoahierarchy
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
INTERDEPENDENT
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Humanrightsaresaidtobeinterdependentbecausesuccessfulprotec3onofonehumanrighthelpswiththeprotec3onofothers.Similarly,thedenialofonehumanrightwillactasabarriertotheeffec3veprotec3onofotherhumanrights
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
INTERNALLYDISPLACEDPERSON
Peopleforcedtomovefromtheirhomewhoares3lllocatedwithinthestate(asopposedtorefugeeswho
havecrossedtheborderintoanotherstate)
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
ICJ
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
TheInterna3onalCourtofJus3ce(ICJ)istheprincipaljudicialorganoftheUnitedNa3ons(UN).ItwasestablishedinJune1945bytheCharteroftheUnitedNa3ons.ItsroleistoseKle,inaccordancewithinterna3onallaw,legaldisputessubmiKedtoitbystatesandtogiveadvisoryopinionsonlegalques3ons.Itissome3mesknownastheWorldCourt.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
ICC Aninterna3onaltribunalformedin2002fortheprosecu3onofcrimesagainsthumanity.
HeadquarteredinTheHague,theICCisnotaffiliatedwiththeUnitedNa3ons.TheICCcameintoeffectasa
resultoftheRomeStatute(1998)
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
INTERNATIONALHUMANITARIANLAW
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Asetofruleswhichseek,forhumanitarianreasons,tolimittheeffectsofarmedconflict.Itprotects
personswhoarenotorarenolongerpar3cipa3nginthehos3li3esandrestrictsthemeansandmethods
ofwarfare
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
JUSTICE Thereareanumberofdifferentinterpreta3onsoftheconceptofjus3ce.ItisoMencloselyassociatedwiththeideaoffairnessandwithindividualsgelngwhattheydeserve,althoughwhatismeantbydeserveis
alsocontested
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
LIBERTY
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Theconceptoflibertyreferstohavingfreedomandautonomy.ItisoMendividedintoposi3veandnega3veliberty,withnega3velibertydefinedasindividualshavingthefreedomfromexternal
coercionandposi3velibertydefinedasindividualshavingtheautonomytocarryouttheirownra3onal
will.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
NEGATIVERIGHTS Rightsthatdonotrequireinterven3onbyanoutsideagency.Theseincludetherighttolive,theabsenceoftorture,communitycontrolofthecommunityand
theindividualswholivewiththemandself-determina3on
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
POSITIVERIGHTS
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Referringtorightsthatareprotectedbyauthority,bothlocalandglobal,andincludegoodsandservices
thatallowpeopletosurvive,suchaseduca3on,protec3onfromharm,placestoliveandcare.The"posi3ve"inposi3verightsreferstothefactthattosa3sfytheserights,otherpeoplemustprovidethem
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
PROGRESSIVEREALIZATION
TheUnitedNa3onsplacesanobliga3onofprogressiverealiza3on(theprocessofachievingsomething)uponstateswithrespecttosecond-genera3onrights.ThismeansthattheUNrecognizesthatrealiza3onoftheserightscanbehamperedbyalackofresourcesandcanbeachievedonlyoveraperiodof3me.Consequently,states’compliancewithsecond-genera3on
rightstakesintoaccounttheresourcesavailableandtheprogressthatstatesaremakingtowardsfullprotec3onofthe
rights.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
REFUGEES
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Peoplewhohavebeenforcedtoleavetheircountryinordertoescapewar,persecu3on,ornaturaldisaster.AccordingtotheUNHCR:“Refugeesarepeoplefleeingconflictorpersecu3on.Theyare
definedandprotectedininterna3onallaw,andmustnotbeexpelledorreturnedtositua3onswheretheir
lifeandfreedomareatrisk.”
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
ROMESTATUTE(1998)
Atheorythatstatesareonlystatesbecausetheymeetfourcriteria:1)adefinedterritory;2)apermanentpopula3on;3)agovernmentand4)acapacitytoenterintorela3onswithotherstates.Thisisopposedtothecons3tu3vetheoryofstatehood.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
INTERDEPENDENCE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
ThetreatythatestablishedtheICC
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
SECONDGENERATIONHUMANRIGHTS
Basedontheprinciplesofsocialjus3ceandpublicobliga3ontheserightsseektoprovideprotec3onforhumanity’sneediestpeoplebyprovidingrelieftothelessfortunate.Theycanbeclassifiedas“social”or“economic”rightsandincludesuchrightsastherighttojustandfavorablecondi3onsofwork,therighttoequalworkforequalpay,therighttorestandleisureasanemployee,therighttoreasonablelimita3onofworkinghoursandperiodicpaidholidaysandtherighttofreeelementaryeduca3on.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
SOCIALCONTRACT
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Theideathatindividualsgiveuptheirfreedominsocietytoanauthorityinexchangeforthe
protec3onsoftheirindividualrights.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
STATELESSPERSON Someonewhoisnotconsideredasana3onalbyanystateundertheopera3onofitslaw.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
THIRDGENERATIONHUMANRIGHTS
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Rightsofgroupstoprotecttheirinterestsandiden33es.Anindividualhastherighttobeamemberofagroupandneithertheindividualnorthegroupcanbediscriminatedagainst.Thirdgenera3onrightshaveshiMedfocusfromindividualpersons(firstgenera3onrights)andcommuni3esinwhichtheylive(social,economicandculturalrights),tothenaturalworld,i.e.,therighttoacleanandhealthyenvironment,andtherighttospeciesbiodiversity.Theserightsrecognizethatpeoplehavetherighttoliveinasafeandhealthyenvironmentandthatgroupsofpeoplehavetherighttocultural,poli3calandeconomicdevelopment.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
UNHUMANRIGHTSCOUNCIL
PartoftheUnitedNa3onsresponsibleformonitoringandupholdinginterna3onalhumanrightsestablishedin2006.ItreplacedtheUNCommisionofHumanRightswhichwasrepeatedlycri3cizedforthe
composi3onofitsmembership.Inpar3cular,severalmembercountriesthemselveshaddubioushuman
rightsrecords,includingStateswhohadbeenelectedtochairthecommission.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
UNIVERSAL
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Auniversalfeatureorcharacteris3c–somethingthateveryonehasorshouldhaveaccesstoinequalparts.IntermsofHR,theprinciplethatrightsshouldbe
availabletoall,accordingtoneed,andnotrestrictedbyindividualabilitytopayorsocioeconomic
circumstancesinsociety.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
Front(Concept) Back(Defini3on)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
UNIVERSALDECLARATIONOFHUMANRIGHTS
(1948)
Commonlyseenasaformofcustomaryinterna3onallaw,thedeclara3onwasissuedin1948andisoMenusedasatooltoapplydiploma3candmoralpressuretogovernments.Itconsistsof31ar3clesoutliningtheprinciplesofhumanrightsbutisnotalegallybindingtreaty.TheDeclara3onchallengedstates’exclusivejurisdic3onovertheirownci3zensandweakenedthe
principleofnon-interferenceindomes3caffairs.
IB Global Politics at UWC Costa Rica
WARCRIMES
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Inhumaneactsagainstcivilianswhoarenotenemyna3onals.Examplesincludewilfulkilling,tortureorinhumantreatment,andthewantondestruc3onandappropria3onofpropertynotjus3fiedbymilitary
necessity.
top related