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T-1-PVD

ICAO/FAA Regional Workshop for

Aerodrome Certification Safety Inspectors

November 6-8, 2012

PAVED SURFACES AND SAFETY AREAS

� Paved surface

OBJECTIVES

To review the criteria for evaluating developing conditions and for inspecting

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PASERPavement Surface Evaluation & Rating

System

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� AC 150/5320-17 Appendix 2

It is a pavement rating system that is meant to be a source of information for rating pavement under the airport safety data program. The manuals will assist airport managers in understanding the surface condition of airfield pavements.

PASERPAVEMENT EVALUATION

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� AC 150/5320-17 Appendix 2

� Rate the condition that representsthe majority of the pavement

� Assess drainage conditions

PASERPAVEMENT EVALUATION

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�Inspectors can use PASER criteria to continuously evaluate pavement conditions

�Objective of PASER is to rate the condition that represents the majority of the pavement

�Small or isolated conditions should not influence the rating.

PASERPAVEMENT EVALUATION

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� Rating criteria and inventory sheet contained in the PASER manual

NEW PAVEMENT CRITERIA

� Adequate crown� Skid resistant� Structurally sound� Grade variation less than

1/4 inch in 16 feet� No foreign objects and

debris (FOD)� Pavement lips less than

1 1/2 inches7

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS

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DEFECTS EXAMPLES

Surface defects PolishingMap crackingPop-outsScalingSpalling

Joints Cracks parallel to jointsJoint deterioration

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS

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DEFECTS EXAMPLES

Cracks Slab cracksD-cracksCorner cracksMeander cracksManhole and inlet cracks

Distortion Settlement or heaveBlowupsFaultingUtility repairs, patches and potholes

SCALING

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS

SURFACE DEFECTS

SPALLING

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SLAB CRACKS

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS

CRACKS

D - CRACKS

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SLAB CRACKS

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS

CRACKS

D - CRACKS

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SETTLEMENT/HEAVE

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS

DISTORTION

BLOWUP

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CORNER CRACKS

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFECTS

CRACKS

MEANDER CRACKS

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ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

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DEFECTS EXAMPLES

Surface defects RavelingPolishingFlushing

Surface deformation Rutting Distortion

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

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DEFECTS EXAMPLES

Cracks Thermal cracksReflection cracksSlippage cracksJoint/edge cracksBlock cracksAlligator cracks

Patches and potholes

RAVELING

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

SURFACE DEFECTS

POLISHING

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FLUSHING

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

SURFACE DEFECTS

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RUTTING

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

SURFACE DEFORMATION

DISTORTION

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THERMAL CRACKS

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

CRACKS

REFLECTION CRACKS

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SLIPPAGE CRACKS

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

CRACKS

JOINT/EDGE CRACKS

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BLOCK CRACKS

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DEFECTS

CRACKS

ALLIGATOR CRACKS

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� Loss of directional control

� Reduced braking and/or hydroplaning

EFFECTS OF PAVEMENT FAILURE

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� Damage from foreign objectsand debris (FOD)

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� Structural damage

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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Certificate holder must maintain andpromptly repair each runway, taxiway,loading ramp and parking areaavailable for air carrier use

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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Pavement edges must not exceed 3” between

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SECTION 139.305(a)(1)

� Abutting pavement sections

� Pavement and abutting areas

PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Holes over 5”across may not

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� Exceed 3” depth

� Slope 45° or more

EXAMPLE

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PAVEMENT NOT DESIGNED FOR THE WEIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFT

PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Pavement must be free of cracks and surface variations that could impair air carrier aircraft directional control

� Any crack or surface deterioration thatproduces loose aggregate or other contaminants should be repaired immediately

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EXAMPLE31

PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Remove promptly and as completely as possible all

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� Mud

� Dirt

� Sand

� Debris

� Loose aggregate

� Foreign objects

� Rubber deposits

� Other contaminants

� Does not apply to snow, ice, deicing materials

FOD

RUBBER BUILDUP

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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Contaminants and FOD can cause

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�Aircraft fuselage and control surface damage from foreign objects

� Lost of aircraft braking action due to surface slipperiness (poor skid resistance) (rubber build up)

PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Remove as soon as possible chemical solvents used to clean any movement area

� Does not apply to snow, ice, deicing materials

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PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Chemical solvents that remain on the runway can cause

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�Reduced braking action due to poor skid resistance

� Potential aircraft corrosion

PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Pavement shall be sufficientlydrained and free of depressions to prevent ponding that

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� Obscures marking

� Impairs safe aircraft operations

PAVED SURFACE INSPECTION CRITERIA

� Ponding can result

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�Reduced braking action

�Aircraft gear damage

� Hydroplanning

INSPECTIONINSPECTIONINSPECTIONINSPECTION

CRITERIACRITERIACRITERIACRITERIA

and TIPSand TIPSand TIPSand TIPS

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RUNWAYS and Taxiways

� The inspector must refer to all design and minimum standards when inspecting paved surfaces.

�An inspection is not just for failed conditions, it is also for potential hazards or conditions that could become potentially hazardous.

� The inspector must refer to all design and minimum standards when inspecting paved surfaces.

�An inspection is not just for failed conditions, it is also for potential hazards or conditions that could become potentially hazardous.

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RUNWAYS and TAXIWAYS

Drive runway CL andboth edges 48 KM or less

LOOKFOR:

� Surface condition and defects: PASER criteria

� FOD: Mud, dirt, foreign objects� Rubber buildup� Depressions� ACM requirements � Pavement design standards� Standing water

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T-87-PVD

Runways and Taxiways

Drive both sides oftaxiway CL

58 KM or less

LOOKFOR:

� Pavement lips� Shoulder and blast pad

� Edge damming

� Erosion

� Pavement lips� Shoulder and blast pad

� Edge damming

� Erosion

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T-87-PVD

TAXIWAYS AND APRONS

Drive both sides oftaxiway CL

48 KM or less

LOOKFOR:

� Surface conditions (PASER criteria)

� FOD: Mud, dirt and foreign objects

� Pavement lips

� Edge damming

� Part 139 criteria

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T-87-PVD

Inspecting Paved Surfaces

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Questions?