ado 1 office of airports airport geometrics airports division, western pacific region
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Office of AirportsOffice of Airports
Airport GeometricsAirport Geometrics
Airports Division, Western Pacific Region
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3 Sets of 3 Sets of Aviation Aviation
StandardsStandards
Airport Imaginary Surfaces - Airport Imaginary Surfaces - Part 77Part 77
Airport Design Standards (A.C.s)Airport Design Standards (A.C.s)
Terminal Instrument Procedures Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS)(TERPS)
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3 Airport 3 Airport AssurancesAssurances
-Assurance 19, Operation and Maintenance: The -Assurance 19, Operation and Maintenance: The sponsor will not cause or permit any activity or sponsor will not cause or permit any activity or action on the obligated airport that would action on the obligated airport that would interfere with its use for airport purposes.interfere with its use for airport purposes.- Assurance 20, Hazard Removal and Mitigation: - Assurance 20, Hazard Removal and Mitigation: The sponsor will prevent the establishment or The sponsor will prevent the establishment or creation of any future airport hazard.creation of any future airport hazard.- Assurance 29, Airport Layout Plan (ALP): The - Assurance 29, Airport Layout Plan (ALP): The sponsor will not make or permit any changes to sponsor will not make or permit any changes to the airport or any of its facilities that are not in the airport or any of its facilities that are not in conformity with the FAA-approved ALP or which conformity with the FAA-approved ALP or which might in the opinion of the FAA adversely affect might in the opinion of the FAA adversely affect the safety, utility, or efficiency of the airport.the safety, utility, or efficiency of the airport.
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14 CFR Part 14 CFR Part 7777
Defines “obstructions to air Defines “obstructions to air navigation”navigation”
Requires notice to FAA prior to Requires notice to FAA prior to constructionconstruction
Procedures for studies and Procedures for studies and determinationsdeterminations
Hazards to Air NavigationHazards to Air Navigation
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Part 77 Imaginary Part 77 Imaginary SurfacesSurfaces
Standards for determining Standards for determining obstructionsobstructions
Applies to objectsApplies to objects::natural growthnatural growthterrainterrainpermanent or temporary construction permanent or temporary construction
or alterationor alteration including temporary equipment including temporary equipment
used for constructionused for construction
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Obstructions Obstructions and Hazardsand Hazards
Obstruction - any object that Obstruction - any object that penetrates any of the Imaginary penetrates any of the Imaginary SurfacesSurfaces
Hazard - Obstruction that is Hazard - Obstruction that is determined through an airspace determined through an airspace study to substantially affect the study to substantially affect the safe passage of an aircraftsafe passage of an aircraft
All Hazards are ObstructionsAll Hazards are Obstructions
Not all Obstructions are HazardsNot all Obstructions are Hazards
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FAR 77 IMAGINARY SURFACES
PP PrimaryPrimaryAA ApproachApproachTT TransitionalTransitionalHH HorizontalHorizontalCC ConicalConical
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FAR 77 IMAGINARY SURFACES(Cut-Away View)
Primary Surface
Transitional SurfaceConical Surface
Approach Surface
Transitional Surface
Horizontal Surface
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FAR 77 IMAGINARY SURFACES(Top View)
TransitionalSurface
HorizontalSurface
PrimarySurface
ApproachSurface
Conical SurfaceTransitionalSurface
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Primary Primary SurfaceSurface
Primary surfacePrimary surface- Centered around runway - Centered around runway
- Extends 200 ft beyond the - Extends 200 ft beyond the runway runway endend
- Width varies from 250 ft to 1000 - Width varies from 250 ft to 1000 ftft
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Primary Primary SurfaceSurface
Width - 250 ft to 1000 ftWidth - 250 ft to 1000 ft
Length - extends 200 ft from Length - extends 200 ft from runway endrunway end
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Approach SurfaceApproach Surface
Begins at end of Primary SurfaceBegins at end of Primary Surface
Inner edge - same width as Primary Inner edge - same width as Primary SurfaceSurface
Outer edge varies - 1250 ft to Outer edge varies - 1250 ft to 16,000ft16,000ft
Length varies - 5,000 or 10,000ftLength varies - 5,000 or 10,000ft
Slope varies - 20:1 34:1 50:1Slope varies - 20:1 34:1 50:1
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APPROACH APPROACH SURFACESURFACE
30W1
W2
lengthPrimary Surface
Runway
Approach Surface
Approach Surface
50:1
200’
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Road Interstate Highway Railroad Waterway
15 ft 17 ft 23 ft tallest object
In computing obstruction heights, allow:a. Public Roads 15 ftb. Interstate Highway 17 ftc. Railroad 23 ftd. Waterway Tallest Object
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Transitional Transitional SurfaceSurface
Extends outward and upward at Extends outward and upward at right angles to runway right angles to runway centerlinecenterline
Starts at outside edge of the Starts at outside edge of the Primary SurfacePrimary Surface
Slope is 7:1Slope is 7:1
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Transitional Transitional SurfaceSurface
Approach
Surface
Approach
Surface
Transitional Surface
Primary Surface
Transitional Surface
7:1
Primary SurfaceRunway
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Primary SurfaceTransitional Surface
Slope7:1
Transitional Surfaces
Horizontal Surface 150 feet
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Airport Design Airport Design StandardsStandards
• Runway Safety Areas (RSA)Runway Safety Areas (RSA) Rectangular ground surface around Rectangular ground surface around
runwayrunway
• Runway Object Free Area Runway Object Free Area (ROFA)(ROFA) Rectangular ground surface around Rectangular ground surface around
runway and safety arearunway and safety area
•Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ)Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ) Volume of airspace above runwayVolume of airspace above runway
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Airport Reference Airport Reference Code (ARC)Code (ARC)
The ARC is a coding system to The ARC is a coding system to relate airport design criteria to relate airport design criteria to the operational and physical the operational and physical characteristics of the aircraft characteristics of the aircraft intended to use the airport.intended to use the airport.
A. Aircraft approach A. Aircraft approach category (relates to aircraft category (relates to aircraft approach speed)approach speed)
B. Airplane design group B. Airplane design group (relates to airplane wingspan)(relates to airplane wingspan)
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STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALPAVEMENTPAVEMENT
SHOULDERSHOULDER SHOULDERSHOULDER
RUNWAY SAFETY AREARUNWAY SAFETY AREA
RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREARUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA
RUNWAY AREA CROSS SECTIONRUNWAY AREA CROSS SECTION
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Runway Safety Runway Safety AreaArea
Width and length based on the ARC Width and length based on the ARC (both (both approach and wingspan)approach and wingspan)
Found in Tables 3-1, 3-2, & 3-3 in Found in Tables 3-1, 3-2, & 3-3 in
AC 150/5300-13AC 150/5300-13
Width and length vary (based on Width and length vary (based on ARC) from 60 ft either side of ARC) from 60 ft either side of centerline and 240 ft beyond centerline and 240 ft beyond runway end to 250 ft either side runway end to 250 ft either side of centerline to 1000 ft beyond of centerline to 1000 ft beyond the runway.the runway.
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Runway Safety Runway Safety AreaArea
927
Width varies from 120 ft wide (60 ft either side of Center Line) to 500 ft, depending on aircraft design group.Length = 2 x Width
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RSA Object RSA Object Clearing CriteriaClearing Criteria
Free of objects except those Free of objects except those fixed by function:fixed by function: objects over 3 inches must be objects over 3 inches must be
frangible at no more than 3 inchesfrangible at no more than 3 inches Manholes must be constructed at Manholes must be constructed at
gradegrade
Personnel and Equipment Personnel and Equipment may may notnot be in RSA during aircraft be in RSA during aircraft operationsoperations
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Runway Object Runway Object Free AreaFree Area
Two dimensional ground areaTwo dimensional ground area
Surrounds runways, taxiways, Surrounds runways, taxiways, and taxilanesand taxilanes
Clear of Objects except those Clear of Objects except those
fixed by functionfixed by function
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Runway Object Free Runway Object Free AreaArea
Width ranges from 250 ft wide (125 ft either side of CL) to 800 ft wideLength ranges from 240 ft long to 1000 ft
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ROFA Clearing ROFA Clearing CriteriaCriteria
AcceptableAcceptable:: Objects for air navigationObjects for air navigation Aircraft ground maneuvering purposesAircraft ground maneuvering purposes Taxiing and holding aircraftTaxiing and holding aircraft
Not AcceptableNot Acceptable:: Objects not essential for air navigation Objects not essential for air navigation
or aircraft maneuvering purposesor aircraft maneuvering purposes Parked aircraftParked aircraft Agricultural OperationsAgricultural Operations
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Comparison of Comparison of RSA with ROFARSA with ROFA
ARC C-III, Airplane Design Group III (Wingspan 79 ft to 117 ft) and Approach Category C (121 knots to 140 knots) e.g. B-737
OFA - 800 ft wide 1000 ft beyond end of runway
RSA - 500 ft wide 1000 ft beyond end of runway
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Obstacle Free ZoneObstacle Free Zone
3 Dimensional Plane - Volume 3 Dimensional Plane - Volume of Airspaceof Airspace
Precludes taxiing and parked Precludes taxiing and parked planes and object penetrationplanes and object penetration
NAVAIDS fixed by function NAVAIDS fixed by function but frangiblebut frangible
Rnwy OFZ: Inner-approach Rnwy OFZ: Inner-approach OFZ: Inner-transitional OFZ OFZ: Inner-transitional OFZ
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Dimensions of Dimensions of OFZOFZ
Extends 200 ft beyond the end of the runway
Width varies from 120 ft to 400 ft depending on size of aircraft and approach speed
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OFZ Clearing OFZ Clearing CriteriaCriteria
Not AcceptableNot Acceptable::Taxiing aircraftTaxiing aircraftParked aircraftParked aircraftNavAids that are not frangibleNavAids that are not frangible
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Comparison of Comparison of RSA, ROFA, OFZRSA, ROFA, OFZ
RSA ROFA OFZ
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Runway Protection Runway Protection ZoneZone
W1 - 250 to 1000
W2 - 450 to 1750
L - 1000 to 2500W1 W2
200 ft
L
ROFA
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Inner-Transitional OFZ
Visual & Runways not lower than 3/4 sm vis
150 ft above airport elev.
50:1
ALS No ALS
Rnwy
OFZ
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Inner-Transitional OFZ
Large aircraft and lower than 3/4 mi vis
Rnwy
OFZ
Slope varies:
Cat I 6:1 Cat II/III 5:1 then 6:1
H
150 ft
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AA AA
BB
BB
SECTION A - ASECTION A - A
SECTION B - BSECTION B - B
OFZ FOR VISUAL RUNWAYS & RUNWAYS >= 3/4 MILEOFZ FOR VISUAL RUNWAYS & RUNWAYS >= 3/4 MILE
150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV
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AA AA
BB
BB
SECTION A - ASECTION A - A
SECTION B - BSECTION B - B
OFZ SERVING SMALL AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILEOFZ SERVING SMALL AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILE
150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV
3:13:1
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AA AA
BB
BB
SECTION A - ASECTION A - A
SECTION B - BSECTION B - B
OFZ SERVING LARGE AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILEOFZ SERVING LARGE AIRPLANES < 3/4 MILE
150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV150 FEET ABOVE ARPT ELEV
6:16:1
HH
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RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE CONFIGURATIONCONFIGURATION
RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREARUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA
CONTROLLED ACTIVITY AREACONTROLLED ACTIVITY AREA
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LENGTHLENGTH
W W 11
W 2W 2
RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONERUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE
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RPZ VISUAL & >= 1 MILERPZ VISUAL & >= 1 MILECATEGORY C & DCATEGORY C & DW 1 500’, L 1,700’, W 2 1,010’W 1 500’, L 1,700’, W 2 1,010’
RPZ < 3/4 MILERPZ < 3/4 MILEALL AIRCRAFTALL AIRCRAFTW1 1,000’, L 2,500’, W2 1,750’ W1 1,000’, L 2,500’, W2 1,750’
RUNWAY SAFETY AREARUNWAY SAFETY AREA
RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREARUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA
RPZ, RSA, & ROFA SERVING LARGE AIRCRAFTRPZ, RSA, & ROFA SERVING LARGE AIRCRAFT
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Runway200' 200'
PRIMARY SURFACEFor Utility Hard Surface Runway
250’if
visualrunway
500’if
non-precision
instrumentrunway
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Controlling ObjectControlling Object
Clear 34:1 slope
Actual slope of 40:1
Controlling Object that prevents a 50:1 slope
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COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY SURFACESSURFACES
APPROACH SLOPE
PRIMARY
SURFACE
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COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY COMMON IMPACTS TO IMAGINARY SURFACESSURFACES
TRANSITIONAL
SLOPE
PRIMARY SURFACE
7:1
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FILING FAA FORM FILING FAA FORM 7460-17460-1
https://oeaaa.faa.gov/oeaaa/external/portal.jsp
-If first time, register as new user first then log in -If first time, register as new user first then log in to file your airspace case proposalto file your airspace case proposal-Upload your sketch, in pdf format-Upload your sketch, in pdf format-Verify your case by mapping-Verify your case by mapping-instructions included in the portal site-instructions included in the portal site-30 days for FAA to issue determination-30 days for FAA to issue determination-Determination good for 18 months-Determination good for 18 months-Before case expires, can be extended for -Before case expires, can be extended for another 18 monthsanother 18 months
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Common mistakesCommon mistakes
-Geographical coordinates are -Geographical coordinates are not correct or are not of not correct or are not of sufficient accuracy, Lat/Long sufficient accuracy, Lat/Long coordinates need to be to the coordinates need to be to the nearest 0.01 secnearest 0.01 sec
-Case filed to late, usually -Case filed to late, usually occurs with temporary cranesoccurs with temporary cranes
-Not enough points given for -Not enough points given for FAA to properly evaluateFAA to properly evaluate
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Reference MaterialReference Material
FAR Part 139 Certification of Land AirportsFAR Part 139 Certification of Land Airports
FAA Order 5010.4, Airport Safety Data ProgramFAA Order 5010.4, Airport Safety Data Program
14 CFR Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable 14 CFR Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable AirspaceAirspace
AC 150/5300-13, Airport DesignAC 150/5300-13, Airport Design
FAA Order 5280.5, Airport Certification Program FAA Order 5280.5, Airport Certification Program HandbookHandbook
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Reference Reference MaterialMaterial
AC 70/7460-2, Proposed AC 70/7460-2, Proposed Construction or Alteration of Construction or Alteration of Objects that May Affect the Objects that May Affect the Navigable AirspaceNavigable Airspace
AC 70/7460-1, Obstruction AC 70/7460-1, Obstruction Marking and LightingMarking and Lighting
14 CFR Part 77, Objects 14 CFR Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable AirspaceAffecting Navigable Airspace
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