adjectives

ADJECTIVES

ADJECTIVE

modifies

limitsqualifie

s

Nouns/Pronouns

Most adjectives have only one form, but short ones add the

ending –er and –est to become

comparative and superlative.

The comparative means that something has more of the quality

described by the adjective, and the

superlative means that it has the most of the quality in the group.

On the other hand, other adjectives use the words: more (for

comparative) and most (for

superlative).

REGULAR ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

long longer longest

sweet sweeter sweetest

pretty prettier prettiest

lovely lovelier loveliest

happy happier happiest

clean cleaner cleanest

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

bad worse worst

good better best

little less least

LONG ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

interesting more interesting

most interesting

beautiful more beautiful

most beautiful

expensive more expensive

most expensive

ARTICLES

the a, an, some, odefinit

enon-

definite

determiner

NON-DEFINITE ARTICLES

a • With singular count nouns

a flower

an • With singular count nouns

an insect

some • With plural count nouns• With

uncountable nouns

some flowerssome insects

some furnituresome courage

o (null) • With plural count nouns• With non-

countable nouns

o flowerso insectsfurniturecourage

PREPOSITION

A preposition is a word like in, by, near,

into, over, behind, inside, around, on,

and from.

PREPOSITION

Prepositions are used in noun phrases and the phrases are called prepositional phrases.

The noun following the preposition is called object of the preposition with which it functions as adverb of place.

THETROJANHORSE

INTERJECTIONThe word that expresses a strong feeling is called interjection. The exclamation point (!) is used in English after a sentence that expresses a strong feeling or

excitement. Such sentences are called exclamations. Sometimes

an exclamation consists of a whole sentence with a subject and a verb but sometimes it

consists of only a few words or only a word.

INTERJECTIONThere are several kinds of exclamations:

1. Short Exclamations, without subject or predicate. (e.g., Help!, Ouch!, No, indeed!)

2. Sentences that are regular in form but which become exclamations when they are spoken with

strong feeling.a. The airplane is burning!

b. It’s raining!c. Run to the backyard!

3. Sentences that are exclamatory in form. There are sentences which can only be exclamations because of

grammar.They begin with:

d. What – before a noun (e.g., What a beautiful dress!)

e. How – before an adjective or adverb (e.g., How gracefully she walks!)

INTERJECTIONWhat and How always modify

some sentence parts that would normally occur in the predicate of the sentence. In exclamation, what and how

occur at the beginning of the sentence, and the subject

and the verb remain in their normal order.

INTERJECTIONNormal: That is a wonderful film.

Exclamation: What a wonderful film!

Normal: Jerome drew a beautiful picture.

Exclamation: What a beautiful picture Jerome drew!

Normal: Nila sings beautifully.

Exclamation: How beautiful Nila sings!

Normal: The typhoon was destructive.

Exclamation: How destructive the typhoon was!

MORE ABOUT WORDS USED AS DIFFERENT

PARTS OF SPEECH

•ADJECTIVE

descriptive

pronominal(Connected with

pronouns)(Ordinary adjectives)

MORE ABOUT WORDS USED AS DIFFERENT

PARTS OF SPEECH

This man

That man

What man?

Which hat?

My hat

His house

Some water

Any house

Type of Pronominal

Demonstrative

Interrogative

Possessive

Indefinite

Function

-To point out

-To ask questions

-To indicate ownership

-To give an indefinite idea

CLASSIFICATION OF PRONOUNS ACCORDING

TO TYPEI said it.

The man who said it.

That is true.

What did you say?

This hat is mine.

I want some.

Type of Pronoun

Personal

Relative

Demonstrative

Interrogative

Possessive

Indefinite

Function

-To indicate a person or thing instead of using a

noun

-To relate to an antecedent, noun,

idea

-To point out

-To ask question

-To indicate ownership

-To indicate an indefinite idea