acknowledgment financial support by the ctq2008-05027/bqu (2008-2011) and a grant, by universidad de...

Acknowledgment Financial support by the CTQ2008-05027/BQU (2008-2011) and a grant, by Universidad de Alcalá (Spain) (M.C.) are gratefully acknowledged.

Conclusion In this communication we report the synthesis of a series of N-(5’-alkynylpiridin-2’-yl) pyridinium aminides, through a copper- and fosfine-free method, based on a catalytic system Pd(II)/DABCO, and using either conventional heating or microwaves.4

The use of another solvent non-toxic and non-flammable like water in presence of DABCO and Pd2(PPh3)2 in microwaves generates the Sonogashira coupling products, together with unexpected side products as a result of addition over the alkyne.

Introduction Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling Sonogashira reaction is one of the most important methods for the formation of C-C bonds.1 Particularly, alkynes are useful building blocks in organic synthesis and a representative functional group in many natural and bioactive compounds. In the last year, our program has been related with the synthetic utility of N-(azin-2’-yl)pyridinium aminides 1, as building blocks in the synthesis of azine derivatives, using Sonogashira reaction (Scheme 1). Halogenation of pyridinium N-(pyridin-2’-yl)aminide 1 can be regioselectively achieved in the 5’-position of the pyridine with N-halosuccinimide in equimolar amount.2 The synthesis of substituted N-aminides 3 has been performed by treatment the N-(5’-iodopyridin-2’-yl)pyridinium aminide 2 with the corresponding acetylene in the presence of 1,4-diazabiciclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and a palladium salt (Scheme 1).3 Additionally, a new environmentally friendly methodology has been developed carrying out the reaction under microwave irradiation.4

References 1. Yin, L.; Liebscher, J. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 133-173. 2. Burgos, C.; Delgado, F.; García-Navío, J. L.; Izquierdo, M. L.; Álvarez-Builla, J. Tetrahedron 1995, 31, 8649-8654. 3. Li, J.H.; Liang, Y.; Xie, Y.X. J. Org.Chem. 2005, 70, 4393-4396.. 4. Kappe, O.C. Angew. Chem. Ed. 2004, 43, 6250-6284.

Me

S

MeO

CF3

CF3

CF3

NH2

N

Me

Me

H

O

(Me)3-Si

(i Pr)3-Si

R MethodCompound

3b

3c

3e

3f

3d

Yield (%)

A 45B 69C 65

3a

3h

3i

3g A 30B 60C 39

A 21B 57

A 15B 40C 18

3jA B 27C 10

3kA 9B 22C 43

B 46C

A 48B 22C

A 27B 75C 43

A 25B 68C 61

A 25B 47C 57

R MethodCompound Yield (%)

Córdoba López, Marta; Izquierdo Ceinos, Mª Luisa; Alvarez-Builla, Julio*. Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871- Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

E-mail address: marta.cordoba@uah.es

Synthesis of Substituted Pyridinium N-Aminides by Sonogashira Reactions

Method A: Aminide 2 (1mmol), alkyne (2 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (5mmol %) and DABCO (6 mmol) in acetonitrile as solvent at 40ºC for 24 h. Method B: Aminide 2 (1mmol), alkyne (2 mmol), DABCO (6 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (5mmol %) in acetonitrile as solvent at 60ºC for 10 minutes using MW. Method C: Aminide 2 (1mmol), alkyne (2 mmol), DABCO (6 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (5mmol %) in water as solvent at 70ºC for 15 minutes using MW.

Me

S

CF3

CF3

CF3

RCompound

4b

4c

Yield (%)

4a

4e

4d 10

21

3

7

5

R

R

A) Pd(OAc)2, DABCO,

1.1 eq. NISN

N N

1

+-

N

N N

I

+-

2

N

N N

R

+-

3

N

N N

R

+-

R

4

Mw 15min, 70ºC

C) Pd2(PPh3)2, DABCO

Scheme 1

CH3CN

H2O

3 +

B) Pd2(PPh3)2, DABCO

Mw 10min, 60ºC

Sonogashira reaction have been performed in three different conditions; one using conventional heating and two using microwaves. Modifications in the solvent from acetonitrile to water do not improve the final result because the formation of compound 3 was detected in some cases.

Method C: Aminide 2 (1mmol), alkyne (2 mmol), DABCO (6 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 (5mmol %) in water as solvent at 70ºC for 15 minutes using MW.