aar-410 02/13/031 faa airport pavement technology program u testing and preliminary data analysis...
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02/13/03 1 AAR-410
FAA Airport PavementFAA Airport PavementTechnology ProgramTechnology Program
Testing and preliminary data analysis from flexible pavements on low-strength subgrade (Construction Cycle Three (CC3)).
Current work and plans for next rigid pavement test items.
02/13/03 2 AAR-410
P -401
P -209
P -154
P -154
P -154P -154
80 ft 20 ft60 ft
60 ft40 ft
Low-Strength SG Flexible Low-Strength SG Flexible Replacement – Fall 2002Replacement – Fall 2002
200Target Repetitions to Failure
11,000770 3,500
Thicknesses are based on 55,000 lb wheel load on 3 CBR subgrade.
5-in thick
8-in thick
43-in (110-cm) thick
34-in (85-cm) thick
24-in (60-cm) thick
16-in (40-cm) thick
6-Wheel
4-Wheel 370 2000 11,800 36,400
LFC1
LFC2
LFC3 LFC4
02/13/03 3 AAR-410
Low-Strength SG ReworkLow-Strength SG Rework
02/13/03 4 AAR-410
Design MethodologyDesign Methodology
LEDFAA with 2-layer subgrade. Vary Poisson’s Ratio with subgrade strength:
Poisson’s Ratio = 0.82 – 0.1 * (logESG/145).
Improve behavior of failure model at low departure levels:
log v = – 2.301 – 0.1607 log CF (Super-Heavy Aircraft
Study).
02/13/03 5 AAR-410
Design ConditionsDesign Conditions
Reworked subgrade CBR = 3 Existing subgrade CBR = 5.5 Wheel load = 55,000 lbs Dual spacing = 54 inches (4- and 6-wheel) Tandem spacing = 57 inches (4- and 6-
wheel)
02/13/03 6 AAR-410
LFC3 – Reworked Subgrade LFC3 – Reworked Subgrade = 3 CBR= 3 CBR
02/13/03 7 AAR-410
Variation of Asphalt Modulus Variation of Asphalt Modulus with Temperature (Witczak)with Temperature (Witczak)
1446225
1069375
764216
527830
352342
227314
141736
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature, deg. F
AC
Mod
ulus
, psi
02/13/03 8 AAR-410
Variation of Pavement Life Variation of Pavement Life with Temperature – LFC3, with Temperature – LFC3, from LEDFAAfrom LEDFAA
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pavement Temperature, deg. F
Num
bner
of
Pass
es to
Fai
lure
4-Wheel Gear
6-Wheel Gear
350-600 and 1200-2100
02/13/03 9 AAR-410
Testing ScheduleTesting Schedule September 3: started. September 4: stopped testing on LFC1. September 6: 990 passes. September 12: stopped testing on LFC2 at 3,168
passes. September 13 and 16: 2 test pits in LFC2. September 17: tried MWHGL wander on LFC3
and 4. September 18: increased load to 65,000 and
continued testing on LFC3 and 4 with old wander. October 18: stopped at 23,826 passes.
02/13/03 10 AAR-410
Asphalt TemperaturesAsphalt Temperatures
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
1 21 41 61 81
101
121
141
161
181
201
221
241
261
281
301
321
341
361
381
401
421
441
461
481
501
521
541
561
581
601
621
641
661
681
701
721
One-hour intervals from 0:00 Sunday September 1 to 23:00 Monday 30, 2002
P-4
01 T
emp
erat
ure
s, d
egre
es F
LFC3 NA
LFC3 NB
LFC3 NC
LFC3 SA
Surface 1
LFC3 SC
Time
02/13/03 11 AAR-410
Pavement at 19,500 PassesPavement at 19,500 Passes
02/13/03 12 AAR-410
North, 6-Wheel TrackNorth, 6-Wheel Track
02/13/03 13 AAR-410
South, 4-Wheel TrackSouth, 4-Wheel Track
02/13/03 14 AAR-410
Rut Depths from StraightedgeRut Depths from StraightedgeCC-3 RUT DEPTH MEASUREMENTS
0.1
1
10
10 100 1000 10000 100000
Passes
Rut
Dep
th, i
nch
LFC-1:North LFC-1:South
LFC-2:North LFC-2:South
LFC-3:North LFC-3:South
LFC-4:North LFC-4:South
Tried different wander. Then increased load to 65,000 lbs
02/13/03 15 AAR-410
Rut Depths from StraightedgeRut Depths from StraightedgeCC-3 RUT DEPTH MEASUREMENTS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10 100 1000 10000 100000
Passes
Rut
Dep
th, i
nch
LFC-1:North LFC-1:South
LFC-2:North LFC-2:South
LFC-3:North LFC-3:South
LFC-4:North LFC-4:South
Tried different wander. Then increased load to 65,000 lbs
02/13/03 16 AAR-410
LFC3 - Upheaval on North TrackLFC3 - Upheaval on North Track
02/13/03 17 AAR-410
LFC3 - Upheaval on South TrackLFC3 - Upheaval on South Track
02/13/03 18 AAR-410
Laser Profiler – 21.5 ft Span, Laser Profiler – 21.5 ft Span, 8 in Range8 in Range
02/13/03 19 AAR-410
Transverse Profile – LFC3 Transverse Profile – LFC3 ~1,000 Pass Intervals~1,000 Pass Intervals
02/13/03 20 AAR-410
Failure Criteria for Flexible Failure Criteria for Flexible Design Design From MWHGL Report. A pavement was considered failed
when either of the following conditions occurred: Surface upheaval of the pavement adjacent
to the traffic lane reached 1 in. or more. Surface cracking occurred to the point that
the pavement was no longer waterproof.
02/13/03 21 AAR-410
Rut Depths from ProfilesRut Depths from ProfilesLFC1 - Maximum Rut Depth from Profile Measurements
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Passes
De
pth
, in
ch
es
LFC1N1 LFC1N2 LFC1NC
LFC1S1 LFC1S2 LFC1SC
02/13/03 22 AAR-410
Uplift from ProfilesUplift from ProfilesLFC1 - Right Uplift from Profile Measurements
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Passes
Lif
t, in
ch
es
LFC1N1 LFC1N2 LFC1NC
LFC1S1 LFC1S2 LFC1SC
02/13/03 23 AAR-410
Rut Depth from ProfilesRut Depth from ProfilesLFC2 - Maximum Rut Depth from Profile Measurements
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Passes
Ru
t D
ep
th, i
nc
he
s
LFC2N1 LFC2N2 LFC2NC
LFC2S1 LFC2S2 LFC2SC
02/13/03 24 AAR-410
Uplift from ProfilesUplift from ProfilesLFC2 - Left Uplift from Profile Measurements
-1.4
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Passes
Up
lift,
inc
he
s
LFC2N1 LFC2N2 LFC2NC
LFC2S1 LFC2S2 LFC2SC
02/13/03 25 AAR-410
Uplift from ProfilesUplift from Profiles LFC2 - Right Uplift from Profile Measurements
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Passes
Up
lift,
inc
he
s
LFC2N1 LFC2N2 LFC2NC
LFC2S1 LFC2S2 LFC2SC
02/13/03 26 AAR-410
Rut Depth from Profiles - ExtrapolatedRut Depth from Profiles - Extrapolated LFC2 - Maximum Rut Depth from Profile Measurements
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Passes
Ru
t D
ep
th, i
nc
he
s
LFC2N1 LFC2N2 LFC2NCLFC2S1 LFC2S2 LFC2SCExtrapN ExtrapS ExtrapN0ExtrapS0
02/13/03 27 AAR-410
CC3 and CC1-MFC Compared CC3 and CC1-MFC Compared to MWHGLto MWHGL
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05
Aircraft Traffic Volume Factor, Coverages
Lo
ad
Re
pe
titi
on
Fa
cto
r, A
lph
a
12-Wheel Failure
12-Wheel Nonfailure
50-kip Single Wheel Failure
30-kip Single Wheel Failure
30-kip Single Wheel Nonfailure
Dual-Tandem Failure
NAPTF 4-Wheel
NAPTF 6-Wheel
Alpha = 0.23 log C + 0.15
Single Wheel
Twin Tandem
12 Wheels
Preliminary Data
02/13/03 28 AAR-410
MWHGL DT Test ItemMWHGL DT Test Item
B-747 gear, 60,000 lb wheel loads, failed at 420 passes.
02/13/03 29 AAR-410
Layered Elastic StrainLayered Elastic Strain SUBGRADE VERTICAL STRAIN & NUMBER OF COVERAGES
ONLY SUBGRADE FAILURE CONSIDERED
y = 0.0057x-0.1462
R2 = 0.6581
0.0001
0.001
0.01
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
No. of Coverages to Failure
Ver
tica
l Su
bgr
ade
Str
ain
, in
ch/i
nch
StocktonMWHGLStructural Layers StudyBoeing-Russia-ClaySan AntonioNAPTF
MFC B-747
MFC B-777
Boeing/RussiaB-747 ClayBoeing/Russia
B-777 Clay
LFC B-777
LFC B-747
CC3-LFC1-6W
CC3-LFC1-4W
CC3-LFC2-6W
CC3-LFC2-4W
02/13/03 30 AAR-410
Starting Excavation of TrenchStarting Excavation of Trench
02/13/03 31 AAR-410
Current Proposal for Rigid Current Proposal for Rigid Reconstruction (1)Reconstruction (1) 15 ft x 15 ft (4.5 m x 4.5 m) slabs. 3-Part optimized mix. 28-day wet burlap cure. Transverse joints doweled.
02/13/03 32 AAR-410
Current Proposal for Rigid Current Proposal for Rigid Reconstruction (2)Reconstruction (2)
Looked at decreasing strength and increasing thickness: Rounded intermediate aggregate, no
significant decrease. 30%, and 50% Class C flyash replacement
in a two-part mix (batched 1/13/03), significant decrease at 50%.
02/13/03 33 AAR-410
PCC Beam StrengthsPCC Beam StrengthsCC-2 MIX DESIGNS - BEAMS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 7 14 21 28 35
Concrete Age, days
Mod
ulu
s of
Ru
ptu
re, p
si
Rounded Aggregate-1 (Original)Rounded Aggregate-2 (Original)30% Fly Ash -130% Fly Ash -250% Fly Ash -150% Fly Ash -2
02/13/03 34 AAR-410
PCC Cylinder StrengthsPCC Cylinder StrengthsCC-2 MIX DESIGNS - CYLINDERS
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 7 14 21 28 35
Concrete Age, days
Com
pre
ssiv
e S
tren
gth
, psi
Rounded Aggregate-1 (Original)Rounded Aggregate-2 (Original)30% Fly Ash -130% Fly Ash -250% Fly Ash -150% Fly Ash -2
02/13/03 35 AAR-410
Flexural vs. CompressiveFlexural vs. CompressiveCC-2 MIX DESIGNS
Relationship Between Compressive Strength & Modulus of Rupture
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Compressive Strength, psi
Mod
ulu
s of
Ru
ptu
re, p
si
02/13/03 36 AAR-410
Current Proposal for Rigid Current Proposal for Rigid Reconstruction (3)Reconstruction (3) One more batch at 70% flyash
replacement. 15 ft x 15 ft x 11 in thick test slab on
existing PCC. Will measure. Vertical displacement of corners. Horizontal strains. Temperature through depth. Relative humidity through depth.
02/13/03 37 AAR-410
Current Proposal for Rigid Current Proposal for Rigid Reconstruction (4)Reconstruction (4) Three test items on medium-strength
subgrade: Existing econocrete subbase. Aggregate subbase. Slab-on-subgrade.
Rebuilding medium strength subgrade to depth of 3 feet. Target strength is 7 CBR. Half finished.
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