a research on lean safety management for campus buildings
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Department of Business Management
National Sun Yat-sen University
Master Thesis
A Research on Lean Safety Management
for Campus Buildings
the case of elementary schools in Kaohsiung
:
Yu-Chan Lin
Dr. Tsuang Kuo
103 5
May 2014
-
i.
-
PDCA
ii
-
iii
-
Abstract
In recent years, the campus architectural plans and designs of high
and elementary schools have been tending towards open and humanistic
styles. However, often due to personnel change, the relevant management
know-how for campus architecture management tasks can not be well
passed down. In addition, the new personnel on the job are led to face the
problem of reconstructing management system and spend a lot of time and
energy in groping and learning from the beginning.
This research attempts to apply TWI techniques to organize the
experiential knowledge of campus architectural management of the cases of
high and elementary schools in Kaohsiung. After that, a series of job
breakdown sheets will be created and used as a knowledge database for
campus architectural management tasks. These sheets can also provide
directions for the job training of new personnel.
Keywords: Knowledge Management; Case Studies; TWI
iv
-
......................................................................................... i
................................................................................................. ii
............................................................................................. iii
Abstract ................................................................ ............................ iv
..................................................................................................... v
................................................................................................... vii
.................................................................................................... ix
...................................................................................................... x
......................................................................... 1
........................................................................ 6
........................................................................ 10
................................................................... 12
....................................................................... 13
....................................................................... 15
...................................................................... 16
.......................................................................... 22
............................................................ 29
............................................... 31
TWI(training within industry) .......................................... 33
.................................................. 47
v
-
............................................................................. 58
....................................................... 59
3-3-1 ........................................................................... 69
3-3-2 .......................................................................... 73
3-3-3 .......................................................................... 84
............................................................................. 87
................................................................ 91
.............................................. 94
....................................................................... 114
....................................................................... 117
................................................................... 121
................................................................ 122
...................................................................................... 124
............................................................................................127
vi
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1- 1
...................................................................................... 13
2- 1 .................................................... 18
2- 2 ............................................................................... 19
2- 3 ............................................. 28
2- 4 ...................43
2- 5 ...............................................44
2- 6 .......................................................45
2- 7
..................................................................................................... 47
2- 8 ................................................................ 50
2- 9 ................................................................ 51
2-10 ................................................................ 52~53
2-11 .................................................... 54
2-12 ........................................... 55
2-13 (
)............................................................................................. 56
3- 1 .......................................................................... 70
3- 2 ...................................................... 71
3- 3 ......................................................................... 73
3- 4 .............................................. 74
3- 5 ...................................................................75
vii
-
3- 6 ....................................................................... 78~79
3- 7 ....................................................................... 80
3- 8 ........................................................... 81
3- 9 ....................................................................... 83
3-10 ................................... 84
3-11 B ............................... 85
3-12 B ............................... 86
4- 1 ....................
4- 2
......................................................................................... 92
4- 3
............................................................................................. 94
4- 4 .................. 94~ 97
4- 5 .................. 99~101
4- 6 ..................102~104
4- 7 ......................105~107
4- 8 ..............................108~109
4- 9 ...................... 111
4-10 ..............................112~113
4-11 ...... 115
4-12 .......................................................................... 116
viii
-
1-1 p....................................................................................... 9
1-2 ...................................................................................... 14
2-1 (knowledge spiral)..................................................17
2-2 ........................................................ 19
2-3 ........................................................ 21
2-4 ....................................................................... 22
2-5 ............................................................. 23
2-6 ........................................................ 29
2-7 ................................................................................. 30
2-8 ................................................... 32
3-1 .................................................................................... 59
3-2.1 ().......................................................... 64
3-2.2 ().......................................................... 65
3-3.1 ().................................................. 66
3-3.2 ().................................................. 67
3-4 ...................................................................... 68
ix
-
......................................... 126
............................................. 128
......................... 130
...............................................................................................131~133
........................................................ 134
........................................................ 136
.......................................................................137~203
x
-
No Child Left Behind(2002)
(2013
1
-
2013
88 97
7,000
201.348
1-1 98 100 -
1,317
224 4,531
101
221
102 105
900
2
-
98 99 100
30 40 15 85
35 45 36.348 116.348
65 85 51.348 201.348
1-1
99 100
7.0
99 3 4 6.4
102 3 27 6 2 6.2 6.5 10 31
6.3
3
-
-
101 103 298 6,203
1/5 102 20
206
4
(2013)
1968
1986 28
4
-
2011
344 13331
1969 1991 131992 2001
582002 2011 273
(2008)
32%2002
1980
55%
2001
8%(2011)
1986 2010
2011 443
1992199319941995
20
(2011)
5
-
2013
()
100
6
-
2013
Jeffrey K. Liker( David P. Meier Toyota
Talent
Jeffrey K. Liker
( David P. Meier
General Electric(Jack Welch)Jack20
(JACKStraight from the Gut
vitality curve
10%
7
-
1950
Jeffrey K. Liker
( David P. Meier Toyota Talent
P( 1-1)(People) P P
(People)
(People)
P( 1-1)(Philosophy)
(Process)
(People)
(Problems) P(People)
8
-
(People)
1-1 P
P.39
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
( just in time)
heijunka
Sustains and continuously
improves
Requires high
capability
Develops highly talented people
Creates a demanding
system
9
-
( human value stream)
( product value stream )
()
( human value stream)
10
-
(
)
11
-
(training within industry)
TWI
4
12
-
(1998)
13
-
1-2
14
-
Training Within Industry
15
-
TWI (training within industry for supervisors)
Peter Drucker 1965
knowledge
management
(von krogh ,1998)
(Parent et al.
2000)Nonaka(1994)
Nonaka,1994Nonaka and
Takeuchi,1995
16
-
Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995) SECI(Tacit )
(Explicit)
2-1(knowledge spiral)
Socialization
17
-
Externalization
Combination
Internalization
Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995)(Tacit )
(Tacit )
CognitiveTechnicalCognitive
Technical
Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995) 2-1
2-1
: Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995)
18
-
conscious objectified
automatic collective 2-2
: Spender (1996)
Spender (1996) 2-2
19
-
Bhatt(2000)
2-2Edvinsson and Malone1997Thomas Stewart1998
O'Dell and Grayson1998( knowledge management)
1999
2003
Hansen, Nohria, and Tiemey1999
codification strategy
Personalization StrategySlater and Narver
1995Slater and Narver1995
Hunt and Morgan1996Baker and Sinkula1999
20
-
Merali2001 2-3
Nonakaand Takeuchi (1995)
Bhatt , 2002
2-4
21
-
(Charles Perrow)1967
2-5(Charles Perrow)
task varietytask analyzability
(Charles Perrow)
2-5
task variety
22
-
task
analyzability
(Charles Perrow)
Perrow)
2-5 P.127 (Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier)2007
23
-
(routine work)
(Charles Perrow)
mechanistic structure
CAT
24
-
()
(technician work)
(Charles Perrow)
(mostly mechanistic)
(craft work)
mostly organic
25
-
(nonrountine work)
26
-
(Paul Adler)
(NUMMI)
enabling
bureaucracycoercive
bureaucracy
(Charles Perrow)
2-3
27
-
2-6
2-3
()
()
()
()
2-3
P.127
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier)(2007)
28
-
(accumulated know-how) 2-7
29
-
30
-
2-8
31
-
32
-
TWI (training within industry for supervisors)
TWI(Training Within Industry)
TWI(Training Within Industry)
(Training Within Industry for Supervisors)
()
TWI (training within industry for supervisors)
TWI -JIT
33
-
1998 TWI
4
1998A B
TWI -JI
TWI
13
1983
TWI
431
86%
2 90%
3 88% 93%
4 74%
5 81%6 90%
TWI
(1)
Job Instruction
Job Method
34
-
Job Relation
(2)
G
Job Instruction
Training JITJob Method Training
JMTJob Relation Training JRT
TWI
()Job Instruction Training
35
-
()Job Method Training
1.
2.
36
-
1.
?
?
?
?
?
?
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
()
(Jig)
5.
6.
1.
2.
37
-
3.
4.
5.
()Job Relation Training
TWI(training within industry for supervisors)
()
()
()
()
()
()
38
-
()
() (1983)
(supervisors)
174
1.
2.
1.
2.
39
-
3.
4.
5.
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
40
-
7.
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
() TWI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
41
-
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
2-5(Charles Perrow) 1967 2-6
2-6
muda
2-4
42
-
2-4
P.171
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
43
-
2-5
P.177
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
44
-
2-6
P.181
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
45
-
5
-
2-7
P.184
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier)(2007
15%~20%
Job Breakdown SheetJobInstruction
Job Breakdown Sheet
47
-
JobInstruction
JobInstruction
Job Breakdown Sheet
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)(3)
48
-
()
5%10% 5%10%
;
49
-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2-8
73P.12
50
-
()
PE 100A 320L S821 Bosch
EFEP25E 0680140074 Bosch Test Bench 1688130030
Bosch 030 m/m
1.(changege--oovervalue
)45
2.
3.0
700kg/cm
4. 1688 130 030 030
m/m
5. 200R.P.M.
6. 9 m/m
7.400kg/cm
5kg/cm
25kg/cm
2-9
73P.12
51
-
()
PE 10P 100A 320LS821 Bosch
Bosch Test Bench EF EP 25E 0680140074
1688130030 Bosch 0~30 m/m
1.(changege--oovervalue
)45
2.
3.(Adjustable Relief Value )
4.
0.5kg/cm
5.(control
Lever)
1000R.P.M.
12m/m 100
11.812.5cc/100
1688
130 030 030m/m
6.
600R.P.M.
9m/m 100
5.2
6.4cc/100
7. 600R.P.M. 15m/m
100 15.5
17.2cc/100 200R.P.M.
9m/m 3.74.7cc/100
8. 100 0.4cc
52
-
2-10
73P.12
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
2-11() 2-12
2-13 (
)
53
-
Steve Mogan 8/24/20 Pete Desoto D.Willard
1
1 1
2 2 5 2
3 3
2
1 1
2 2
3
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
4
1 1
2 2
3 3
2-11
P.232
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
54
-
Robert Peters 7/20/20 Tom Cummins Gerg Hancock
1
1 1
2 2
3 3
1
2
1 1 1
2 2
3 1 3
4 4
3
1 1
2 2
3() 3
4 4
4
1 1
2 2
3 3
1
5
1 1 1
2 2
3 1 3
4 4
2-12
P.233
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
55
-
Rick Lusk 4/10/20 TSteve Perston
Di Bartels
1
1 1
2
1 1
2 5 2
3
1 45 1
4
1 1 1(3/8)
2 3/8 1/2 2 1/2
3/8
5
1 1
2 2
2-13 ()
P.236
(Jeffrey K. Liker)(David P. Meier) 2007
1
56
-
2
-
57
-
TWI (training within industry)
(Charles Perrow)
1967 2-5
58
-
(school buildings)
(buildings)(campuses)(play grounds)(facilities)
(school buildings planning)
59
-
(2006A) 1666
(
)
2005
2010
e
(2006a)
60
-
1989 (1981 )
(19878 )(2002 )
(1999 )(20052009 )
(1999 )(1999 )
(2011)
1970
1993
2000 100~200 (2009a)
1996 1998
2007
(2011)
20062008 172
356 7,615 20092012
100 25 228 4,576
1999
116 2008 8
3,733 16,491(
12,313)(2009a)
20062008
66 53 1,512 20092012
182 11 275
115.35(2009b2010)
20072009 3
61
-
323 30~80
(2009 6 18)2001
2002 20022009
8 156 979 532
(2009c)20102013
3402006
5 500 2004
2005 102006 50
20052009
980 13,500(2009d)
20052010
69 30 6,000(2009)
2001 20
(2011)
62
-
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
()
( 3-2.1 3-2.2)( 3-3.1 3-
3.2)
63
-
3-2.1()
64
-
3-2.2()
65
-
3-3.1 ()
66
-
3-3.2()
67
-
89 616 89 17610 89 712
8907746
9712 18 0970196910
8651
68
-
3-4
3-3-1
(how)(why)(Yin,1989) 3-1
(Dyer and Wilkins,1991)
(Construct)
Eisenhardt(1989)
(Dyer and Wilkins,1991)
(Thick Discription)
(Meaning)
(Hsiao,2006)
(Construct)
69
-
(Positivism)
(Post-Positivism)
(Critical theory)
(Constructivism)
context(
context
)
model(
)
model
(
3-1
Guba&Lincoln(1994)(2002)
3-2
70
-
(Positivism)
(Post-Positivism)
(Critical theory)
(Constructivism)
(Ontology)
1.
2.
(
)
1.
2.
1.2.
3.
1.2.
(Epistemolo
gy)
1.2.
3.
1.2.
3.4.
1./
2.
1./
2.
(Methodolo
gy)
1./
2.
3.
1./
2.
1.2.
1./
2.
3-2 Guba&Lincoln(1994)(2002)
71
-
(Construct)(Hypotheses)
(Authenticity)
(Plausibility)(Criticality) 3-3
(Convincing)
(Authenticity)
(Researcher-text)(reader-text)
(Plausibility)
(Criticality)
72
-
Authenticity
1.?2.?3.
1.2.3.
Plausibility
1.?
1.
2.
Criticality
1.
?
1.
3-3
(2006) Golden-Biddle and locke (1993)
3-3-2
1870
2001
73
-
3-4
1908 1.2. Edwin F, Gay 3.
1920
1.Wallace B. Donam2.
3. Elton Mayo Hawthorn Studies
1937
1948 Carnegie Corporation
1951
1952 Harold Stein Alabamea
3-4
(2014)
74
-
Andrews(1951)
(1995)
3-5
&
Eisenhardt
1989
Leonard-
Barton1990
Platt1992
Gay1992
Alavi&Carlson
1992
-
1992
Yin1994 1.
contemporary events
2.
archival analysis
3.why
how
who
wherewhat
1996
1996
2001
3-5 (2014)
76
-
2001
Yin1994
single-casemulti-case
single-incidentmulti-incident
Creswell1998
intrinsic case study
instrumental case
study
()
()
()
()
77
-
1empirical inquiry2
prior development
3-6
2001
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
19941.
78
-
2.
3.
4.
1985
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3-6 (2014)
3-7
79
-
1998
1
2
3
4
5
Yin1994
1
2
3
4
1992
1
2
3
4
Eisenhardt1989
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3-7 (2014)
80
-
3-8
1.2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
-
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
3-8 (2014)
3-9
82
-
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
(1)
(2)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(1) (2)
(1) (2) (3)
(4)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
3-9 (2014)
83
-
2001
()
()()
()
3-3-3
2002~2008
1.2.3.
2009~2010
1.2.3.
2010~2012
1.2.
2012~2014
3-10 :
84
-
()A
A
~2001
1.2.
2002~2003
1.2.
2004~2008
1.
2009~2014
3-11 A
:
85
-
()B
B
2008~2014
1.2.
3. 2014
3-12 B
:
86
-
1.
2.
3.
4. 1%
5.
87
-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
88
-
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.()
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2-5(Charles Perrow) 1967
89
-
4-1
4-1
90
90
-
2-7
2-7
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10
91
-
4-2
92
-
4-3
93
-
4-3-1
() / /
(3~4)
1
1
1
94
-
2.
2
3
4
5
2
(15 )
1./// 1. (15 )2. 1 2
2.///
3./
3
4
(2 )
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
(1 45 )
1
(1 )
1
2
2
()
1. 9~15 1
2 10
2.
3.
95
-
(4~6)
1
2 3
2
1
1.
3
1 1
2 2
4
1 1
5
1 1.
2 2.
3 3.
6
( 2~3)
1
1. 30
2.
3.
2
3.
10
4. 1%
5.
7
8 1 1.
-
2. 80
120
2
3
4 30
5 20
6 15
7 40
8 20
9 20
10 20
11 20
12 15
9
1 10
2
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
11
4-4
97
-
1 723
170
4-3-2
98
-
() / /
1
1 1.
2
2.
2
1
1.
2
2.
3
1 1.
2 2.
4
1
1
2 2
3 3
5
1 1
2
2.
3
3.
6 1
-
7
1
1.
2 2.
8
()
9
10
1 ()
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
1 ()
2
3
4
5
6
12
1 1 ()
2 70
2
3
4
5
13 1
-
()
2
3
4
5
6
4-5
11 6
202
4-3-3
101
-
() / /
1
1
1. 7 2. 923.() 7
2 7
3
4 30
5
2
1
2
3
() 15
4
1
2
102
-
5
1
() 20
2
3
4
5
2
1
1
2.() 15
2 92
3
4 20
3
1(101)
2 20
4
1 5
2 72 9496
3
( 97)( 101)
4 15( 73)
5 1 1() 14
-
16
2
4-6
6(18.2%)4
(12.1%) 9(27.3%)10(30.3%)
4(12.1%)
104
-
4-3-4
() / /
1
1
1
2
1
105
-
3 1
4 1
2
5 1
2
6 1
2
3
4 ()
7
1
2
3
4
5 ()
8 1
9 1
-
2
10 1()
2
3
2
1
2
3
4-7
4(11.8%)0(0%)
22(64.7%) 7(20.6%)1(2.9%)
107
-
4-3-5
() / /
1
1 1
2
2
1 1
2 2
108
-
3 3
3
1 1
2 2
4
1
1
5
1
1
2
6
7
4-8
2(8%)1(4%)
8(32%) 7(28%) 7(28%)
109
-
28%
4-3-6
110
-
() / /
1
1 1
2
3.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
1 1 2
3
4
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
1
1
2
2
3
4-9
111
-
4(18.2%)0(0%)
7(31.8%) 6(27.3%)5(22.7%)
4-3-7
() / /
112
-
1
1 50%
1
2
3
2 50%~100%
3 100%
4
5
1 41
2 80
6
2
1 1 2
2
3
4 1.
2.
3
1
4
1
5
1.
2.
113
-
4-10
0(0%)3(16.7%)
5(27.8%) 8(44.4%)2(11.1%)
4-4 4-10
4-11
114
-
1 7 23* 17 0 48
1 1 6 20* 2 30
6 4 9 10* 4 33
4 0 22* 7 1 34
2 1 8* 7 7 25
4 0 7* 6 5 22
0 3 5 8* 2 18
18 16 80 75 21 210
8.60% 7.60% 38.1** 35.7%* 10.00% 100.00%
4-11
4-11
()
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
115
-
()
38.1% 35.7%
()
Authenticity
1.?
2.?
3.
1.
2.
3.
Plausibility
1.?
1.
2.3.
Criticality
1.
?
1.?2.
?
4-12
116
-
2-7
(accumulated know-how)
117
-
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
118
-
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
119
-
120
-
......
121
-
TWI
122
-
123
-
1. Schneiderman, A. M. ,1998. Are there limits lo total quality management?
Strategy + Business, Issue U,2nd quarter, pp. 35-45, at 39.
2. Training Within industry Service,1943.Training Within Industry
Bulletin Series: How to instnjct a man on the joh. Washington,
December 1, DC: U.S. Govemment Printing Office (16-38130-1).
3. Shihuya, K., & Graupp, P. ,2000. Job methods improve-ment kaizen.
Tokyo: ASA Publishing Company, Ltd., pp.25-11.
4. Training Within Industry Materials, note 8 ahove, job Re-lations Sessions
Outline, Summary.
5. Central New York Technology Development Organization, Syracuse, New York
, www.tdo.org .
6. Taylor, A., & Enggass, K. ,2009. Linking architecture and education:
Sustainable design of learning environments. NMUniversity of New
Mexico Press.
7. Jeffery K. Liker, & David P. Meier. Toyota Talent . Developing Your People
The Toyota Way,McGrawHill.
1.(2009) e
406
http://enews.tp.edu.tw/paper_show.aspxEDM=EPS200907141525267MD
2.(2009a)()
http://www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/.../-8-
124
-
.pdf
3.(2009b)
www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/.../ -10 - .pdf
4.(2009c)(98 11 22
3129) www.edu.tw/userfiles/url/.../-3
.pdf
5.(2009d)
http://www.csal.fcu.edu.tw/edu/
6.(2010)
http://epaper.edu.tw/print.aspxprint_type=news&print_sn=2835&print_num=0
7.(2011)(80~101 )
http://www.edu.tw/pages/detail.aspx?
Node=4075&Page=20046&Index=1&WID=31d75a44-efff-4c44-a075-
15a9eb7aecdf
8.(2006a)( 3)
9.(2006b)( 2)
10.(2011a)
2011
9-47
11.(2008)
(1968-2007)
() 300-317
12.(2011b)173
56-64
13.(1998)TWI12
125
-
22-25
14. (1998)TWI-JI 11 26
15.(1983)TWI 12 9-13
16.(1983)TWI 01 8-15
16.(1970)TWI04 34
18.(1984) TWI04 58-61
19.(1955) TWI 12 16-18
20.(2014)
http://www.pcc.gov.tw/pccap2/BIZSfront/MenuContent.do?
site=002&bid=BIZS_C09804055
21.
22.
23.(2013)
24.(2013)
25.(2009)
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